IRI:
http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo-basic.owl
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Copyright (c) 2006-2008, Regents of the Research Group Ontologies in Medicine (Onto-Med), University of Leipzig, Germany. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. Neither the name of the Research Group Ontologies in Medicine (Onto-Med), University of Leipzig nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Table of Content

  1. Introduction
  2. Classes
  3. Object Properties
  4. Annotation Properties
  5. General Axioms
  6. Namespace Declarations

Introduction

This file belongs to the OWL distribution of GFO, cf. http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo. ----------------- It comprises a set of selected major and rather stable GFO categories, with the intention to serve as a comprehensible starting point which 1. should be useful for immediate modeling purposes, 2. covers GFO's areas and exhibits outstanding GFO features 3. omits categories of more theoretical character or those which are easily definable Categories of the third kind will be provided in separate extensions. ----------------- In some comments, references to documents are used. These refer to several versions of the following report: Herre, H.; Heller, B.; Burek, P.; Hoehndorf, R.; Loebe, F. & Michalek, H.. General Formal Ontology (GFO): A Foundational Ontology Integrating Objects and Processes. Part I: Basic Principles. Research Group Ontologies in Medicine (Onto-Med), University of Leipzig. [herre-h-2006--a]: Version 1.0, Onto-Med Report Nr. 8, 01.07.2006 [part1-v1.0.1] Version 1.0.1., Draft, 14.02.2007

Classes

Abstractc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Abstract

has super-classes
Individualc
is disjoint with
Concretec, Space time entityc
Abstract individuals are independent from time and space (they are not in time and space). Examples: the number "2" or pi. [RH, 2006]

Amount of substratec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Amount_of_substrate

has super-classes
Presentialc
An amount of substrate is a presential, namely the matter of some material object. Amounts of substrate follow different identity criteria than material objects, i.e., they instantiate different persistants. Appropriate connotations of "amount of substrate" are "stuff" (in the common understanding) or "mass term" (in linguistics). [FL, 2008-03-13]

Categoryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Category

has sub-classes
Conceptc, Symbol structurec, Universalc
is in domain of
instantiated byop
is in range of
instance ofop
is disjoint with
Individualc
Categories satisfy the following conditions: (1) Categories can be instantiated; (2) Categories can be predicated of other entities. Categories are defined intensional-with-an-s. They are, therefore, closely related to language. [RH, 2006]

Changec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Change

has super-classes
Occurrentc
has sub-classes
Continuous changec, Discrete changec
is disjoint with
Eventc, Historyc
A change refers to a structure centered around two presentials, which are boundaries of one and the same process. If they exist at coinciding time boundaries, the change comes close to notions in the literature like "punctual" or "instantaneous event" as well as "moment" (in a temporal reading). Alternatively, the presentials may be boundaries at the opposite ends of a process of arbitrary extension. Either notion of change is relative to contradictory conditions between which a transition takes place. These conditions refer to some collection of pairwise disjoint subcategories of one category. [FL, 2008-03-13]

Chronoidc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Chronoid

has super-classes
Temporal regionc
has left time boundaryop exactly 1 Entityc
has right time boundaryop exactly 1 Entityc
Chronoids are entities sui generis. Every chronoid has exactly two extremal and infinitely many inner time boundaries which are equivalently called time-points.

Conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Concept

has super-classes
Categoryc
is disjoint with
Symbol structurec, Universalc
Concepts are categories that are expressed by linguistic signs and are present in someone’s mind. [herre-h-2006--a, p.6]

Concretec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Concrete

has super-classes
Individualc
has sub-classes
Perpetuantc, Presentialc, Processual Structurec
is in domain of
token ofop
is in range of
has tokenop
is disjoint with
Abstractc, Space time entityc
Concrete individuals have a relation to time or space (they are in time and space).

Continuous changec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Continuous_change

has super-classes
Changec
is disjoint with
Discrete changec
A continuous change is a change such that (1) its process boundaries exist at non-coincident time-boundaries, (2) any two non-coincident process boundaries of its process are distinguished with respect to the reference category and (3) any two coincident process boundaries exhibit no such distinction, i.e., no discrete changes of the same reference category. [FL, 2008-03-13]

Continuous processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Continuous_process

has super-classes
Processc
A process is a continuous process if it can be partitioned such that the partition contains only states or processes within a continuous change. Those states and changes must be based on the same reference category. [FL, 2008-03-13]

Discrete changec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Discrete_change

has super-classes
Changec
is disjoint with
Continuous changec
A discrete change is a change at coincident time boundaries, for which a recognizable difference exists. That means, there is a category with two disjoint sub-categories such that each of these is instantiated by exactly one of the process boundaries in the change. [FL, 2008-03-13]

Discrete processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Discrete_process

has super-classes
Processc
Discrete processes have a partitioning into an alteration of discrete changes and states. [FL, 2008-03-13]

Entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Entity

is equivalent to
thingc
is in domain of
has propertyop, has roleop, instance ofop, plays roleop
is in range of
instantiated byop, played byop, role ofop
Everything is an entity, i.e., entity is the category which everything instantiates. [FL, 2008-02-27]

Eventc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Event

has super-classes
Occurrentc
is disjoint with
Changec, Historyc
Events are processual structures comprising a process, and one of its extremal process boundaries. The latter must further satisfy a condition which differs from the condition applicable to all other boundaries of the process. I.e., the extremal boundary instantiates a sub-category of the event's reference category which is disjoint with that category instantiated by the remaining process boundaries. [FL, 2008-03-13]

Historyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#History

has super-classes
Occurrentc
is disjoint with
Changec, Eventc
Histories are processual structures which consist of a process and a number of presentials which are constituents of the boundaries of that process. [FL, 2008-03-13]

Individualc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Individual

has sub-classes
Abstractc, Concretec, Propertyc, Relatorc, Rolec, Space time entityc
is disjoint with
Categoryc
Individuals are entities that are not instantiable. [herre-h-2006--a, p.19]

Left time boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Left_time_boundary

is equivalent to
Time boundaryc and (left boundary ofop some Chronoidc)
has super-classes
Time boundaryc
is in range of
has left time boundaryop
is disjoint with
Right time boundaryc
see time boundary description [FL, 2008-02-27]

Linec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Line

is equivalent to
spatial boundary ofop some Surfacec
has super-classes
Spatial boundaryc
Surfaces are bound by lines. [FL, 2008-07-27]

Material boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Material_boundary

has super-classes
Presentialc
depends onop some Material objectc
framed byop some Spatial boundaryc
is disjoint with
Material objectc
A material entity which depends on a material object and occupies a spatial boundary. [FL, 2008-02-27]

Material objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Material_object

has super-classes
Presentialc
framed byop some Topoidc
is disjoint with
Material boundaryc
A material structure is an individual which satisfies the following conditions: it is a presential, it occupies space, it is a bearer of qualities, but other entities cannot have it as quality, and it consists of an amount of substrate, and it instantiates a persistant ("has identity").

Occurrentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Occurrent

NOTE: In earlier versions, "Occurrent" denoted the category named "Processual Structure" herein. [FL, 2008-03-13]
has super-classes
Processual Structurec
has sub-classes
Changec, Eventc, Historyc
is disjoint with
Processc
The category of occurrents comprises several categories that can be derived from processes. [FL, 2008-03-06 based on part1-v.1.0.1, p.30]

Perpetuantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Perpetuant

has super-classes
Concretec
is in domain of
exhibitsop
A perpetuant is a concrete individual which persists through time and exhibits presentials. [FL, 06.03.2008]

Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Point

is equivalent to
spatial boundary ofop some Linec
has super-classes
Spatial boundaryc
Lines are bound by points. [FL, 2008-02-27]

Presentialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Presential

has super-classes
Concretec
exists atop some Time boundaryc
has sub-classes
Amount of substratec, Material boundaryc, Material objectc
is in domain of
exists atop, framed byop, occupiesop
is in range of
exhibitsop, framesop, occupied byop
is disjoint with
Processual Structurec
A presential exists wholly at exactly one time boundary.

Processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Process

has super-classes
Processual Structurec
projects toop some Temporal regionc
has sub-classes
Continuous processc, Discrete processc, Processual rolec, Statec
is disjoint with
Occurrentc
Processes are directly in time, they develop over and unfold in time. Processes have characteristics which cannot be captured by a collection of time boundaries. In particular, processes exhibit internal coherence. [FL, 2008-03-13]

Processual rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Processual_role

has super-classes
Processc
Rolec
role ofop some Processc
is disjoint with
Relational rolec, Social rolec
Processual roles are roles with a process as context, and they are dependent processes. [FL, 2008-02-27]

Processual Structurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Processual_Structure

has super-classes
Concretec
has sub-classes
Occurrentc, Processc
is in domain of
has participantop
is in range of
participates inop
is disjoint with
Presentialc
The category of processual structures centers around the more intuitive notion of processes. It captures processes themselves and occurrents, i.e., primarily structures of several other kinds that can be derived from processes. [FL, 2008-03-13 based on part1-v1.0.1, p.30]

Propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Property

has super-classes
Individualc
has sub-classes
Relational rolec
is in domain of
property ofop
is in range of
has propertyop
is disjoint with
Relatorc
A property is a dependent entity which another entities has, i.e., that entity exhibits its property. Other common terms for property in natural language are characteristic, feature, quality, etc. [FL, 2008-02-27]

Relational rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Relational_role

has super-classes
Propertyc
Rolec
played byop some Entityc
role ofop some Relatorc
is disjoint with
Processual rolec, Social rolec
A relational role corresponds to the way in which an argument participates in some relation. [herre-h-2006--a, p.38]

Relatorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Relator

has super-classes
Individualc
is disjoint with
Propertyc
A relator mediates between or connects entities. It is a dependent entity which depends on those entities connected. [FL, 2008-03-13]

Right time boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Right_time_boundary

is equivalent to
Time boundaryc and (right boundary ofop some Chronoidc)
has super-classes
Time boundaryc
is in range of
has right time boundaryop
is disjoint with
Left time boundaryc
see time boundary description [FL, 2008-02-27]

Rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Role

has super-classes
Individualc
has sub-classes
Processual rolec, Relational rolec, Social rolec
is in domain of
played byop, role ofop
is in range of
has roleop, plays roleop

Social rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Social_role

has super-classes
Rolec
is disjoint with
Processual rolec, Relational rolec
A social role corresponds to the involvement of a social object within some society. [herre-h-2006--a, p.38]

Space entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Space

has super-classes
Space time entityc
has sub-classes
Spatial boundaryc, Spatial regionc
is in domain of
framesop, has spatial boundaryop, occupied byop
is in range of
framed byop, occupiesop, spatial boundary ofop
is disjoint with
Time entityc
Spatial entities in GFO are analyzed according to the ideas of Franz Brentano. Starting from connected three-dimensional entitites (topoids), related spatial entities can be distinguished. [FL, 2008-02-27]

Space time entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Space_time

has super-classes
Individualc
has sub-classes
Space entityc, Time entityc
is disjoint with
Abstractc, Concretec
A space-time-entity is something in which concrete entities can be located. [FL, 2008-02-27]

Spatial boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Spatial_boundary

is equivalent to
spatial boundary ofop some Space entityc
has super-classes
Space entityc
has sub-classes
Linec, Pointc, Surfacec
is in domain of
spatial boundary ofop
is in range of
has spatial boundaryop
is disjoint with
Spatial regionc
Boundaries of regions are surfaces, boundaries of surfaces are lines, and boundaries of lines are points. As in the case of time-boundaries, spatial boundaries have no independent existence, i.e. they depend on the spatial entity of which they are boundaries.

Spatial regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Spatial_region

has super-classes
Space entityc
has sub-classes
Topoidc
is disjoint with
Spatial boundaryc
Space regions are mereological sums of topoids.

Statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#State

has super-classes
Processc
A process is a state with respect to a category iff every of its process boundaries instantiates that category. [FL, 2008-03-13]

Surfacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Surface

is equivalent to
spatial boundary ofop some Topoidc
has super-classes
Spatial boundaryc
Topoids are bounded by surfaces. [FL, 2008-02-27]

Symbol structurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Symbol_structure

has super-classes
Categoryc
is in domain of
has tokenop
is in range of
token ofop
is disjoint with
Conceptc, Universalc
Symbolic structures are signs or texts that may be instantiated by tokens. [herre-h-2006--a, p.6]

Temporal regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Temporal_region

has super-classes
Time entityc
has sub-classes
Chronoidc
is in domain of
has time boundaryop
is in range of
time boundary ofop
is disjoint with
Time boundaryc
Time Regions are defined as the mereological sum of chronoids, i.e. time regions may consist of non-connected intervals of time.

Time boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Time_boundary

is equivalent to
Left time boundaryc or Right time boundaryc
time boundary ofop some Temporal regionc
has super-classes
Time entityc
has sub-classes
Left time boundaryc, Right time boundaryc
is in domain of
time boundary ofop
is in range of
exists atop, has time boundaryop
is disjoint with
Temporal regionc
Time boundaries depend on a chronoids and can coincide. Left time boundaries, if viewed from the perspective of bounding a specific chronoid, are those which are earlier than any inner or right time boundary of that chronoid. On the other hand, within a pair of coincident time boundaries, a left time boundary is later than the right time boundary in that pair. [FL, 2008-02-27]

Time entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Time

has super-classes
Space time entityc
has sub-classes
Temporal regionc, Time boundaryc
is in domain of
projection ofop, temporal part-ofop
is in range of
projects toop
is disjoint with
Space entityc
The time model of GFO is based on Brentano and the glass continuum of Allen&Hayes.

Topoidc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Topoid

has super-classes
Spatial regionc
Topoids are connected compact regions of space. They have spatial boundaries.

Universalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Universal

has super-classes
Categoryc
is disjoint with
Conceptc, Symbol structurec
Universals are immanent categories. They exist in re. [FL, 2008-02-27]

Object Properties

abstract has-partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#abstract_has_part

has sub-properties
has roleop, has-partop
is inverse of
abstract part-ofop
Abstract has-part is the inverse of the abstract part-of relationship. [FL, 2008-02-28]

abstract part-ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#abstract_part_of

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
part ofop, role ofop
is inverse of
abstract has-partop
The abstract part-of relation is denoted by p(x,y); the argument-types of this relation are not specified, i.e. we allow arbitrary entities to be arguments. We assume that p(x,y) satisfies the condition of a partial ordering, .i.e. the following axioms: reflexivity, antisymmetry and transitivity. [RH, 2006 based on herre-h-2006--a, p.44]

boundary ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#boundary_of

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
depends onop
has sub-properties
spatial boundary ofop, time boundary ofop
is inverse of
has boundaryop
"Boundary of" connects boundaries to the entities which they bind. [FL, 2008-02-28]

coincides withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#coincides_with

has characteristics: symmetric

has domain
Spatial boundaryc or Time boundaryc
has range
Spatial boundaryc or Time boundaryc
Coincidence is a relationship between space boundaries or time boundaries, respectively. Intuitively, two such boundaries are coincident if and only if they occupy “the same” space, or point in time, but they are still different entities. [herre-h-2006--a, p.46]

depends onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#depends_on

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
boundary ofop
is inverse of
necessary forop
This relation captures the notion of existential dependence. [RH, 2006]

exhibitsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#exhibits

has domain
Perpetuantc
has range
Presentialc
In the GFO-account of persistence, perpetuants exhibit presentials, i.e., the former ``exist through'' the latter at the time where the presential exists. With respect to persistants, presentials instantiate persistants. [FL, 2008-07-10]

exists atop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#exists_at

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Presentialc
has range
Time boundaryc
Presentials exist at a single time boundary.

framed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#framed_by

has sub-properties
occupiesop
has domain
Presentialc
has range
Space entityc
is inverse of
framesop
A presential is framed by a spatial region if the location which the presential occupies is a spatial part of that region. [FL, 2008-02-27, based on herre-h-2006--a, p. 21]

framesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#frames

has sub-properties
occupied byop
has domain
Space entityc
has range
Presentialc
is inverse of
framed byop
A spatial region frames a presential if the location which the presential occupies is a spatial part of that region. [FL, 2008-02-27, based on herre-h-2006--a, p. 21]

has boundaryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_boundary

has characteristics: inverse functional

has super-properties
necessary forop
has sub-properties
has spatial boundaryop, has time boundaryop
is inverse of
boundary ofop
The has-boundary relation connects entities with their boundaries, e.g. chronoids to time boundaries, topoids to surfaces, etc. [FL, 2008-02-28]

has left time boundaryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_left_time_boundary

has characteristics: functional, inverse functional

has super-properties
has time boundaryop
has range
Left time boundaryc
is inverse of
left boundary ofop
Temporal regions have exactly one extremal left time boundary. [FL, 2008-02-28]

has participantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_participant

has domain
Processual Structurec
has range
not (Space time entityc)
not (Processual Structurec)
is inverse of
participates inop
Temporally extended entities have participants. [FL, 2008-02-28]

has proper partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_proper_part

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
has-partop
is inverse of
proper part ofop
The inverse of proper part-of. [FL 2008-02-28]

has propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_property

has characteristics: inverse functional

has domain
Entityc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
property ofop
Entities can have properties. In GFO, properties are individualized, and "has property" links an entity to its particular property. [FL, 2008-02-28]

has right time boundaryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_right_time_boundary

has characteristics: functional, inverse functional

has super-properties
has time boundaryop
has range
Right time boundaryc
is inverse of
right boundary ofop
Temporal regions have exactly one extremal right time boundary. [FL, 2008-02-28]

has roleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_role

has super-properties
abstract has-partop
has domain
Entityc
has range
Rolec
is inverse of
role ofop
The inverse of role of. [FL, 06.07.2008]

has spatial boundaryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_spatial_boundary

has characteristics: inverse functional

has super-properties
has boundaryop
has domain
Space entityc
has range
Spatial boundaryc
is inverse of
spatial boundary ofop
Space entities may have spatial boundaries. [FL, 2008-02-28]

has temporal partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_temporal_part

has super-properties
has-partop
is inverse of
temporal part-ofop
The inverse of temporal part-of. [FL, 2008-03-13]

has time boundaryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_time_boundary

has characteristics: inverse functional

has super-properties
has boundaryop
has sub-properties
has left time boundaryop, has right time boundaryop
has domain
Temporal regionc
has range
Time boundaryc
is inverse of
time boundary ofop
Temporal regions have temporal boundaries. [FL, 2008-02-28]

has tokenop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_token

has super-properties
instantiated byop
has domain
Symbol structurec
has range
Concretec
is inverse of
token ofop
The specific relation from a symbol structure (a category in GFO) to an entity seen as an occurrence of that symbol structure, as a token of it. [FL 2008-02-28]

has-partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_part

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
abstract has-partop
has sub-properties
has proper partop, has temporal partop
is inverse of
part ofop
The inverse of part-of. [FL, 2008-02-28]

instance ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#instance_of

has sub-properties
token ofop
has domain
Entityc
has range
Categoryc
is inverse of
instantiated byop
The instantiation relation holds between an entity and a category. Put differently, the category is predicated of that entity, the entity is the instance of that category. Entities of all kinds can be instances, which results in categories which have individuals as instances or categories which may have categories as instances, such as "species". [FL, 2008-02-28]

instantiated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#instantiated_by

has sub-properties
has tokenop
has domain
Categoryc
has range
Entityc
is inverse of
instance ofop
Inverse of instance of. [FL, 2008-02-28]

left boundary ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#left_boundary_of

has characteristics: functional, inverse functional

has super-properties
time boundary ofop
is inverse of
has left time boundaryop
Left boundary of a temporal region. [FL, 2008-02-28]

necessary forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#necessary_for

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
has boundaryop
is inverse of
depends onop
An entity is necessary for another one if the latter is required for the former to exist. [FL 2008-02-28]

occupied byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#occupied_by

has characteristics: inverse functional

has super-properties
framesop
has domain
Space entityc
has range
Presentialc
is inverse of
occupiesop
Presentials exist in space, and the space entity occupied by a presential is uniquely determined (where a fixed granularity is assumed). [FL, 2008-02-27 based on herre-h-2006--a, p.21]

occupiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#occupies

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
framed byop
has domain
Presentialc
has range
Space entityc
is inverse of
occupied byop
Presentials exist in space, and the space entity occupied by a presential is uniquely determined (where a fixed granularity is assumed). [FL, 2008-02-27 based on herre-h-2006--a, p.21]

part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#part_of

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
abstract part-ofop
has sub-properties
proper part ofop, temporal part-ofop
has domain
Concretec or Space time entityc
has range
Concretec or Space time entityc
is inverse of
has-partop
The relation between parts and wholes. The union of several domain-specific part-of relationships not contained explicitly in gfo-basic, like spatial part-of or part-of among material structures. [FL, 2008-03-13]

participates inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#participates_in

has domain
not (Processual Structurec)
not (Space time entityc)
has range
Processual Structurec
is inverse of
has participantop
Intuitively, objects participate in processes, for instance. In GFO, participation accommodates the GFO approach to persistence, i.e., at least presentials can participate in processes. Moreover, it is useful to extend the notion of participation also to other temporally extended entities. [FL, 2008-02-28]

played byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#played_by

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Rolec
has range
Entityc
is inverse of
plays roleop
The inverse of plays-role. [FL, 06.07.2008]

plays roleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#plays_role

has characteristics: inverse functional

has domain
Entityc
has range
Rolec
is inverse of
played byop
Entities can play roles with respect to some other entity which provides a context for that role. The plays-role relationship links an entity with its role. [FL, 2008-02-28]

projection ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#projection_of

has characteristics: inverse functional

has domain
Time entityc
is inverse of
projects toop
If, for instance, a process happens during a certain time, i.e., some temporal region, that region is the projection of that process (to time). [FL, 2008-02-28]

projects toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#projects_to

has characteristics: functional

has range
Time entityc
is inverse of
projection ofop
Links an entity to its temporal extension. Entities which are in time are related to the corresponding temporal regions by projects to. Moreover, entities related to others which are in time may likewise project to temporal regions. [FL, 2008-02-28]

proper part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#proper_part_of

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
part ofop
is inverse of
has proper partop
The irreflexive variant of part-of. [FL 2008-02-28]

property ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#property_of

has domain
Propertyc
is inverse of
has propertyop
Links properties to their bearers. [FL, 2008-02-28]

right boundary ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#right_boundary_of

has characteristics: functional, inverse functional

has super-properties
time boundary ofop
is inverse of
has right time boundaryop
Right boundary of a temporal region. [FL, 2008-02-28]

role ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#role_of

has super-properties
abstract part-ofop
has domain
Rolec
has range
Entityc
is inverse of
has roleop
The relationship between a role and its context. Typically, the nature of the context determines that of the roles, which are in some sense a part of that context. E.g., processes form the context for certain roles (processual roles), such that the latter are recognizable as processes. [FL, 2008-02-28]

spatial boundary ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#spatial_boundary_of

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
boundary ofop
has domain
Spatial boundaryc
has range
Space entityc
is inverse of
has spatial boundaryop
Spatial boundaries may bound spatial entities. [FL, 2008-02-28]

temporal part-ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#temporal_part_of

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
part ofop
has domain
Time entityc
has range
Time entityc and (not (Time boundaryc))
is inverse of
has temporal partop
A part-of relationship between two time entities. Time-boundaries cannot have parts. [FL, 2008-03-13]

time boundary ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#time_boundary_of

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
boundary ofop
has sub-properties
left boundary ofop, right boundary ofop
has domain
Time boundaryc
has range
Temporal regionc
is inverse of
has time boundaryop
Time boundaries bound temporal regions. [FL, 2008-02-28]

token ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#token_of

has super-properties
instance ofop
has domain
Concretec
has range
Symbol structurec
is inverse of
has tokenop
Inverse of the has token relations. [FL, 2008-02-28]

Annotation Properties

contributorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

rightsap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights

General Axioms

General Subclass Definition back to ToC

Propertyc and (property ofop some Presentialc) is subclass of

Presentialc

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

default namespace
http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo-basic.owl#
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gfo-owl
http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#
ontologies
http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni.