IRI:
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl
Current version:
TODO: check upper level organization, remodel strength as categories (as in DCR), rename UsageAndFrequencyFeature to UsageFeature
Imported Ontologies:
http://purl.org/olia/system.owl (visualise it with LODE)
Other visualisation:
Ontology source

Abstract

Top categories of the OLiA Reference Model 2010/01/19 created 2010/04/08 removed NPFunction (=> SyntacticRole) 2010/04/13 added MorphologicalProcess, MorphologicalFeature, DiscourseFeature, AnimacyFeature, ReferentTypeFeature, RegisterFeature, UsageAndFrequencyFeature 2010/04/14 validation, PossessiveFeature removed (see olia:hasOwnerNumber), moved olia:NarrativeType and olia:PolarityFeature here 2010/04/15 additions in accordance to the PTB Bracketing Guidelines: NullElement, SentenceTypeFeature (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995) 2010/11/30 added TopologicalField in accordance to the TueDa-D/Z annotation guidelines (Telljohann et al. 2009) 2011/07/29 replace url by purl 2011/07/31 added ProximityFeature 2011/08/03 added SpecificityFeature 2011/08/04 SubordTypeFeature, CoordTypeFeature deprecated, added NumeralAgreementClass 2011/08/11 StrengthFeature recast as MorphologicalFeature rather than MorphosyntacticFeature 2011/08/15 EmphasisFeature added 2011/08/15 PhonologicalProcess added (for Elision and Apocope, formerly both classified as MorphologicalProcess) 2013/06/25 EvidentialityFeature, ClusivityFeature added (from ISOcat), intensity as new label to EmphasisFeature LexicalRelation for labels for relations holding between lexemes 2013/06/27 AgreementFeature (from ISOcat, as superclass of NominalAgreementClass, Person, Gender, Number; not as a relation between words) 2013/06/28 EvaluativeFeature (for ISOcat PreferredEvaluative and PejorativeEvaluative), ModalityFeature (Modality and Mood distinction revised) 2016/04/18 fixed minor validity warnings 2016/08/29 added MovementFeature as cover term for Rising and Control (for compliance with lexinfo) 2020/02/06 fixed use of owl:deprecated 2020/02/24 description of Constituent Christian Chiarcos, chiarcos@uni-potsdam.de

Table of Content

  1. Classes
  2. Namespace Declarations

Classes

agreementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AgreementFeature

is defined by
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
Agreement: Formal relationship whereby a word (or a sub-part of a word) requires a corresponding form of another word (or sub-part of a word) (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2188) PVAGR: agreement as shown (stem + affix) in inflected forms of a finite verb (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4973)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec
has sub-classes
gender featurec, number featurec, numeral agreement classc, person featurec

animacyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AnimacyFeature

Current version:
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1902, extended to cover http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Humanness
The characteristic of a word indicating that in a given discourse community, its referent is considered to be alive or to possess a quality of volition or consciousness. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1902)
has super-classes
semantic featurec

aspectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

is defined by
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
Category associated to verbs and referring to the way the grammar marks the duration or type of temporal activity. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1242) Aspect is a grammatical category associated with verbs that expresses a temporal view of the event or state expressed by the verb. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsAspect.htm 17.11.06) The in Eagles optional attribute Aspect is needed for Greek and Slavonic verbs. It corresponds also to the Past Simple/Imperfect distinction of Romance languages. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

case featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

Case is a grammatical category determined by the syntactic or semantic function of a noun or pronoun. The term case has traditionally been restricted to apply to only those languages which indicate certain functions by the inflection of nouns, pronouns, or noun phrase constituents, such as adjectives and numerals. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsCase.htm 17.11.06)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

clusivityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ClusivityFeature

is defined by
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
The category that encodes "whether the addressee (addressees) are included in or excluded from the set of referents which also contains the speaker".
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

constituentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#Constituent

In syntactic theory, a constituent is a unit of words that constitute a unit of multiple independent words. Formally, this can be illustrated by substitution (and other tests): "[The dog] bit Peter.": valid, "the dog" can be replaced by "lions" (etc.). "*The [dog bit] Peter.": non-valid, there is no valid one-word replacement for "dog bit". "The dog [bit Peter].": valid, "bit Peter" can be replaced by "slept" (etc.) Note that OLiA takes a theory-independent stance on "constituent". Constituent thus does not necessarily refer to a syntactic constituent, but to a node in syntax annotation that contains other nodes. This includes elements whose constituency has been debated (verb phrases), but also elements that are (potentially incomplete) phrase candidates (chunks). (Christian Chiarcos)
has super-classes
syntactic categoryc

coord type featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CoordTypeFeature

Current version:
Deprecated: reimplemented as subhierarchy of CoordinatingConjunction
The CoordType attribute subclassifies coordinating conjunctions. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

countability featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CountabilityFeature

Current version:
EAGLES
Represents the difference between countable and uncountable nouns, e.g., in English
has super-classes
semantic featurec

definitenessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DefinitenessFeature

is defined by
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
In grammatical theory, definiteness is a feature of noun phrases, distinguishing between entities which are specific and identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and entities which are not (indefinite noun phrases). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definiteness 02.05.07) Property about the possiblity to identify an entity. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1926) An in Eagles additional language-specific attribute for nouns/ noun phrases is Definiteness. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2 16.11.06)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

degreec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DegreeFeature

is defined by
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
Property concerning comparison. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1419) The Eagles-recommended attribute Degree applies only to inflectional comparatives and superlatives. In some languages, e.g. Spanish, the number of such adjectives is very small. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recn)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

dependency relationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DependencyRelation

has super-classes
syntactic relationc

discourse entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DiscourseEntity

has super-classes
linguistic conceptc

discourse featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DiscourseFeature

has super-classes
linguistic conceptc
featurec
has sub-classes
narrative typec, referent typec, registerc, usage and frequency featurec

distancec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ProximityFeature

Current version:
distinguishes for distal and proximal determiners, e.g., in Macedonian (MULTEXT-East, see http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticDistalDeterminer and http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticProximalDeterminer)
In many Indo-European languages, proximity is a relevant feature of pronominal systems (e.g., Macedonian proximal vs. distal determiners, cf. English this vs. that). In several indigeneous languages of North America, proximity is represented by verbal agreement (then also known as obviation, e.g., Blackfoot third [proximal] and "fourth" [distal 3rd] person). As defined here, proximity is considered a morphosyntactic feature, because it applies to morphosyntactic *markers* of proximity. (Chiarcos)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

dominance relationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DominanceRelation

has super-classes
syntactic relationc

evaluative featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvaluativeFeature

generalization over PreferredEvaluative and PejorativeEvaluative in ISOcat
has super-classes
semantic featurec

evidentiality featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvidentialityFeature

Current version:
isoCat ID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3185
is defined by
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
Evidentiality denotes the basis that the speaker has for claiming that the event has occurred (or is going to take place). Appear to show a greater number of distinctions in the realis mood (especially in the past tense) than the irrealis mood. [Bhat 1999: 63-64, 70]
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

gender featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#GenderFeature

The term gender refers to various forms of expressing biological or sociological gender by inflecting words. Nouns, pronouns, articles and the adjectives denote the gender of their referent. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender 17.11.06) Category based on (depending on languages) the natural distinction between sex and formal criteria. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1297)
has super-classes
agreementc

inflection type featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#InflectionTypeFeature

InflectionType is in Eagles an optional attribute for adjectives. Weak and Strong are values for adjectival inflection in the Germanic languages German, Dutch and Danish. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 14.11.06)
has super-classes
morphological featurec

intensityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EmphasisFeature

Current version:
adopted from ILPOSTS, there a property of Adverb, Classifier, Demonstrative, Noun, Particle, Adposition, Quantifier, Verb, identified with http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2197 "intensity"
is defined by
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
Applies to grammatical (morphosyntactic) markers of emphasis for languages where emphatic expressions are distinguished from non-emphatic forms. In Irish Gaelic, for example, the unmarked personal pronouns (e.g., sé, é ‘he, him’) is distinguished from the emphatic pronoun (e.g., seisean, eisean ‘he, him’). Beyond pronouns, also nouns can be emphatically marked, e.g., by adding a clitic reflexive element to them. (Mulkern 2007). (Ann E. Mulkern. Knowing who’s important: Relative discourse salience and Irish pronominal forms. In Nancy A. Hedberg and Ron Zacharski, editors, The Grammar-Pragmatics Interface: Essays in honor of Jeanette K. Gundel, pages 113–142. John Benjamins, Amsterdam and Philadelphia, 2007.)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

lexical relationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#LexicalRelation

Current version:
introduced for relation labels such as homonym. These label relations holding between two lexemes.
has super-classes
linguistic conceptc

linguistic conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#LinguisticConcept

Current version:
Note that olia_system:LinguisticAnnotation, olia_system:UnitOfAnnotation and olia_system:Feature pertain to the usage of type labels and annotated features according to a particular annotation scheme, whereas, here, category and feature mean linguistic concepts. Thus, an olia:MorphosyntacticCategory (etc.) is not necessarily represented by a olia_system:UnitOfAnnotation.
The OLiA ontology specifies linguistic concepts on a theoretical basis, as for concepts used in annotations, see system.owl. There is a great extent of overlap between LinguisticCategories/LinguisticFeatures and Categories/Features as defined in system.owl.
has sub-classes
discourse entityc, discourse featurec, lexical relationc, morphological categoryc, morphological featurec, morphological processc, morphosyntactic featurec, orthographic entityc, part of speechc, phonological processc, semantic featurec, semantic unitc, syntactic categoryc, syntactic featurec, syntactic relationc

moodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

Current version:
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1427
Modality is a facet of illocutionary point or general intent of a speaker, or a speaker's degree of commitment to the expressed proposition's believability, obligatoriness, desirability or reality. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1427) The term „mood“ is used by some authors in the same sense as „modality“, while others distinguish the two (...) using „mood“ to refer to the contrastive grammatical expressions of different modalities, and thus reserving „modality“ to refer to the meanings so expressed. >A grammatical category is related to a variety of factors affecting the nature of a predication, such as factors include factivity, certainty (evidentials), attitudes, speaker’s knowledge/beliefs/desires, agent’s ability/volitionality, etc.; a set of distinctive forms used to express modality (as verbal inflections or a set of auxiliarys, each signaling a modality). (http://www.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/proxy.php?port=8080&file=lido/servlet/Lido_Servlet Modus 14.05.07)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

morphological categoryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphologicalCategory

has super-classes
linguistic conceptc

morphological featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphologicalFeature

Current version:
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1425
Property attached to a given inflected form that usually permits to distinguish this form from the generic lemmatised form of the word. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1425)
has super-classes
linguistic conceptc
featurec
has sub-classes
inflection type featurec, reduplication typec, separability featurec, strength featurec

morphological processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphologicalProcess

has super-classes
linguistic conceptc

morphosyntactic featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticFeature

Morphosyntactic and morphological features.
has super-classes
linguistic conceptc
featurec
has sub-classes
agreementc, aspectc, case featurec, clusivityc, coord type featurec, definitenessc, degreec, distancec, evidentiality featurec, intensityc, moodc, reflexivity featurec, specificityc, subord type featurec, tensec, verb form moodc, voice featurec

movement featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MovementFeature

Current version:
Introduced as part of the lexinfo extension as a cover term for Raising and Control properties of (lexical entries of) syntactic verbs.
In generative grammar, syntactic alternations of semantically equivalent utterances are explained by movement operations. Even though alternative analyses have been proposed, we keep this conventional term to account for syntactic phenomena such as Raising and Control.
has super-classes
syntactic featurec

narrative typec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NarrativeType

has super-classes
discourse featurec

null elementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NullElement

Current version:
added in accordance with PTB bracketing guidelines ,Santorini (1991, Â§4.2), Bies (1995, Â§2.3, Â§2.5)
Modelled like tokens, Santorini (1991, Â§4.2), Bies (1995, Â§2.3, Â§2.5)
has super-classes
syntactic categoryc

number featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature

Current version:
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1298
Grammatical category for the variation in form of nouns, pronouns, and any words agreeing with them, depending on how many persons or things are referred to. (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=number 12; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1298) A grammatical number is a morphological category characterized by the expression of quantity through inflection or agreement. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number 17.11.06)
has super-classes
agreementc

numeral agreement classc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumeralAgreementClass

Current version:
http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NumeralAgreementClass
In most Slavic languages, Numerals and Quantifiers involve specific agreement patterns, e.g., in Russian:<br/> (a) SingularQuantifier (MTE v4: Numeral/Class="definite1"): requires noun in nominative singular, e.g., один год "one year" (b) PaucalQuantifier (MTE v4: Numeral/Class="definite234"): requires noun in genitive singular, e.g., два/три/четыре года "two/three/four years" (c) PluralQuantifier (MTE v4: Numeral/Class="definite"):requires noun in genitive plural, e.g., пять/много/сколько/столько лет "five/many/how many/that many years"<br/> Bulgarian has done away with the distinction between 4 and 5, and generalised the 2-4 form to all numerals (and some other quantifiers), but the others generally keep it. Also Slovene has a living dual (both Sorbians likewise, but they haven't been MTEd).<br/> Some Czech feminine and neuter body parts have preserved dual forms, and if the noun is dual, so are its attributes (adjectives, pronouns). So 2 differs formally from 3-4. The corresponding agreement pattern is a DualQuantifier (MTE v4: Numeral/Class="definite2"). (Ivan A. Derzhanski & Christian Chiarcos, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NumeralAgreementClass)
has super-classes
agreementc

orthographic entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#OrthographicEntity

Current version:
introduced to account for DCR space, etc.
has super-classes
linguistic conceptc

part of speechc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

Current version:
"extended" EAGLES - saubere Definitionen statt form-basierter Zusammenlegung von Kategorien - VerbalNoun in der Schnittmenge von NonfiniteVerb und CommonNoun - Classifier zunächst als top-level-konzept - AuxiliaryVerb aufgespalten in StrictAuxiliarVerb, ModalVerb, Copula - neues Konzept Quantifier, da jedoch eher semantisch als syntaktisch definiert, mit Numeral zu einem neuen top-level-node zusammengefasst (entsprechend die Definbition bei Bußmann: Quantor enthält ausdrücklich Numerale, diverse Determinierer und Pronomen) => sfb:PRONQUANT -> eagles:Quantifier & eagles:PronounOrDeterminer & !eagles:Numeral sfb:PRONQUANT_AT -> eagles:Quantifier & eagles:IndefiniteDeterminer & !eagles:Numeral sfb:PRONQUANT_SU -> eagles:Quantifier & eagles:IndefinitePronoun & !eagles:Numeral => Numeral als Subkonzept von Quantifier
is defined by
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
partOfSpeech: Term used to describe how a particular word is used in a sentence. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1345)
is equivalent to
wordc
has super-classes
linguistic conceptc

person featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PersonFeature

The grammatical person is deictic reference to the participant role of a referent, such as the speaker, the addressee, and others. Grammatical person typically defines a language's set of personal pronouns. It also frequently affects verbs, sometimes nouns, and possessive relationships as well. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person 17.11.06) Indication of grammatical person (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) associated with a given inflected form. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1328)
has super-classes
agreementc

phonological processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PhonologicalProcess

has super-classes
linguistic conceptc

polarity featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PolarityFeature

has super-classes
semantic featurec

reduplication typec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReduplicationTypeFeature

Current version:
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2240 (reduplication type, no values given)
type of reduplication (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2240)
has super-classes
morphological featurec

referent typec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReferentTypeFeature

Current version:
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1376 (referent type)
Type of concrete object or concept (the referent) that an expression represents (the reference). (DFKI; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1376)
has super-classes
discourse featurec

reflexivity featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReflexivityFeature

The optional attribute Reflexivity is applied to main verbs in French, German, Dutch, etc., and determines the selection of "avoir" or "être", etc., as auxiliary for the Perfect. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1c 15.11.06)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

registerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

Current version:
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1988
Classification indicating the relative level of language individually assigned to a lexeme or term or to a text type. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1988)
has super-classes
discourse featurec

semantic featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticFeature

has super-classes
linguistic conceptc
featurec
has sub-classes
animacyc, countability featurec, evaluative featurec, polarity featurec, semantic rolec

semantic rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

In linguistics, a theta role or θ-role is the semantic role a noun phrase plays in a sentence. The term Thematic role denotes the same concept. As such it is a semantic rather than a syntactic feature, in contrast to such notions as the subject of a sentence or a prepositional object. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(linguistics). Originally, semantic roles were referred to as "case roles", leading to an unfortunate name clash with grammatical case (e.g. in GOLD CaseValue)
has super-classes
semantic featurec

semantic unitc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticUnit

has super-classes
linguistic conceptc

sentence type featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SentenceTypeFeature

Current version:
classification of sentences according to their function, e.g., illocutionary act
has super-classes
syntactic featurec

separability featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SeparabilityFeature

The optional Eagles attribute Separability is relevant for German compound verbs ("fängt ...an", "anfangen") and also to phrasal verbs in Danish and English. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1c 15.11.06)
has super-classes
morphological featurec

specificityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SpecificityFeature

Current version:
distinguishes specific and nonspecific determiners, e.g., in Klallam (Salish, see olia:SpecificArticle, olia:NonspecificArticle), or in Persian (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticSpecificDeterminer)
"By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer. In the specific reading there is a particular deer, say Bambi, that I am looking for. In the non-specific reading I will be happy to find any deer. Von Heusinger (2002) likes the test in English of inserting ʻcertainʼ after the ʻaʼ to fix the specific reading. In either reading of (3) a deer is being introduced as a new discourse referent. This is opposed to ʻdefiniteʼ which requires a previous pragmatic instantiation as in ʻIʼm looking for the deer.ʼ In English both the readings of (3) are indefinite. In Klallam, the specific demonstratives are neither definite nor indefinite." (Montler, Timothy. 2007. Klallam demonstratives. Papers ICSNL XLVII. The 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Language, pp. 409-425. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20; on specific vs. nonspecific determiners in Klallam, a Salish language, http://montler.net/papers/KlallamDemons.pdf)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

strength featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#StrengthFeature

Current version:
In EAGLES, Strength is a language-specific attribute for pronouns and determiners to characterize weak (reduced) and strong (full) forms (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2av 20.11.06). Here, it is extended to full and reduced adjective inflection in Slavic languages (cf. MULTEXT-East). May be renamed to ReductionFeature.
has super-classes
morphological featurec

subord type featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SubordTypeFeature

Current version:
Deprecated: reimplemented within SubordinatingConjunction taxonomy
The SubordType is in Eagles an additional language-specific attribute, applying to subordinating conjunctions only. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

syntactic categoryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticCategory

has super-classes
linguistic conceptc
has sub-classes
constituentc, null elementc, syntactic constructionc, topological fieldc, wordc

syntactic constructionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticConstruction

Syntactic constructions that involve multiple constituents, or that are independent of the concept of constituent, e.g., word order phenomena, non-canonical sentences , ...
has super-classes
syntactic categoryc

syntactic featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticFeature

has super-classes
linguistic conceptc
featurec
has sub-classes
movement featurec, sentence type featurec, syntactic functionc, syntactic rolec, valency featurec

syntactic functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticFunction

Current version:
Bies et al 1995
Relation to be used when the syntactic function of a constituent is different from its morphosyntactic type, cf. FormFunctionDiscrepancy in the PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. (1995, §2.2.1)
has super-classes
syntactic featurec

syntactic relationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRelation

has super-classes
linguistic conceptc
has sub-classes
dependency relationc, dominance relationc

syntactic rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRole

Traditionally, "grammatical relations" or "grammatical roles" are specifically those between the verb (clause) and its arguments/adjunct/complementizer. In modern corpus research, however, a broad variety of relations between nominal heads, their arguments, modifiers, etc. are distinguished and the scope of "Grammatical Relation" has extended here to cover these as well. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/syntacticRole)
has super-classes
syntactic featurec

tensec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TenseFeature

is defined by
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
verb tense: property referring to the way the grammar marks (via affixes and/or suppletion) the time at which the action denoted by the verb took place. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4964) Tense is a grammatical category, typically marked on the verb, that deictically refers to the time of the event or state denoted by the verb in relation to some other temporal reference point. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsTense.htm 17.11.06)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

topological fieldc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

has super-classes
syntactic categoryc

usage and frequency featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#UsageAndFrequencyFeature

Current version:
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1965 (frequency), http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1959 (dating)
Frequency: The relative commonness with which a term occurs. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1965) Dating: Indication specifying whether the usage is old or modern. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1959)
has super-classes
discourse featurec

valency featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ValencyFeature

Current version:
EAGLES
Syntactic valency pertains to the number of syntactic arguments a verb requires. Semantic valency pertains to the number of arguments of a semantic predicate. If syntactic valency is greater than the semantic valency, an expletive pronoun may be used, cf. van Valin and LaPolla (1997) on the distinction between syntactic valency and semantic valency.
has super-classes
syntactic featurec

verb form moodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature

Current version:
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1427
Modality is a facet of illocutionary point or general intent of a speaker, or a speaker's degree of commitment to the expressed proposition's believability, obligatoriness, desirability or reality. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1427) The term „mood“ is used by some authors in the same sense as „modality“, while others distinguish the two (...) using „mood“ to refer to the contrastive grammatical expressions of different modalities, and thus reserving „modality“ to refer to the meanings so expressed. >A grammatical category is related to a variety of factors affecting the nature of a predication, such as factors include factivity, certainty (evidentials), attitudes, speaker’s knowledge/beliefs/desires, agent’s ability/volitionality, etc.; a set of distinctive forms used to express modality (as verbal inflections or a set of auxiliarys, each signaling a modality). (http://www.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/proxy.php?port=8080&file=lido/servlet/Lido_Servlet Modus 14.05.07)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

voice featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

The voice of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_voice 17.11.06)
has super-classes
morphosyntactic featurec

wordc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#Word

Current version:
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1415, cf. GOLD SyntacticWord
is defined by
http://acoli.cs.uni-frankfurt.de/resources/olia/olia-top.owl
Terminal nodes of syntactic annotations, termed "Word" here, are the same structural entities that are subject to morphosyntactic (Part of Speech) annotations. cf. http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1415 "word": Linguistic unit composed of at least a part of speech and a lemma.
has super-classes
syntactic categoryc

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

default namespace
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#
olia
http://purl.org/olia/
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
system-owl
http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#
terms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni.