IRI:
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
Version IRI:
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/2017-04-21
Current version:
April 21, 2017
Previous version:
http://akn.web.cs.unibo.it/allot/core.owl (visualise it with LODE)
Authors:
Angelo Di Iorio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6893-7452)
Fabio Vitali (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-5203)
Francesco Poggi (http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-5606)
Gioele Barabucci (http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4586-0111)
Monica Palmirani (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-8084)
Silvio Peroni (http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
Imported Ontologies:
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2.0/bfo.owl (visualise it with LODE)
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl (visualise it with LODE)
Other visualisation:
Ontology source

Table of Content

  1. Introduction
  2. Classes
  3. Object Properties
  4. Annotation Properties
  5. General Axioms
  6. Namespace Declarations

Introduction

Akoma Ntoso (https://w3id.org/akn) is an open XML standard for parliamentary, legislative and judiciary documents. The Akoma Ntoso specifications, instead of forcing document authors to stick to one particular ontology, specify a very broad set of general guidelines that an ontology should conform to in order to be used in conjunction with Akoma Ntoso documents. These informal guidelines are mentioned with the name of *non-ontology*, and are implicitly referred by with specific XML tags (prefixed by "TLC" or "FRBR") in Akoma Ntoso documents, each referring to a particular (an informal) top level class (TLC). ALLOT (A Light Legal Ontology On TLCs) implements the Akoma Ntoso TLCs as a formal OWL 2 DL ontology, so as to model the entities that are present in legal documents (i.e., people, events, roles, etc.) with the main purpose of linking together datasets based, potentially, on different ontologies. ALLOT formalises the Akoma Ntoso TLCs in a set of OWL classes. ## Top level classes in Akoma Ntoso The informal ontological structure defined by Akoma Ntoso for representing metadata is grounded in a basic set of concepts called top level classes (TLCs). The word "informally" is used because, on purpose, there is no mandated, exhaustive and shared ontology that defines these classes and the relations among them in Akoma Ntoso. What exists is a guideline that allows users (especially producers) of Akoma Ntoso documents to develop their own ontology according to their particular needs or to adopt one of the already existing ontologies, as long as it is compatible with the principles behind the TLC. These top level classes do not have a formal definition, they only have a broad description, useful to identify in very general terms what is their purpose and how one TLC differs from another. All this informality is needed to allow a great degree of flexibility in what can be expressed in the metadata layer of Akoma Ntoso documents, in order to adapt any legal document to many different ontological representation of concepts. It is the duty of a third party (e.g. the document creator or the document users) to associate a clear and formal semantics to each class using a specific formalism (e.g. OWL). This semantical detachment is an important feature that allows Akoma Ntoso to maintain documents understandable and consumable independently from the passing of time: future toolmakers will have clues about the intended meaning of a marker even in the unfortunate case the formal ontology is no longer available. ## What is ALLOT ALLOT is a proof-of-concept ontology we developed following the Akoma Ntoso non-ontology, its associated guidelines and best practices. ALLOT is available at https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot, while all the material related with the ontology is available on the ALLOT GitHub repository at https://github.com/essepuntato/allot. The current version of ALLOT is actually based on a previous implementation named ALLOT Core and available at http://akn.web.cs.unibo.it/allot/core.owl. The ALLOT ontology is meant to be used to describe in detail the documental and non-documental references (i.e. any entity) present in Akoma Ntoso documents. ALLOT can also be used to bridge knowledge bases extracted from Akoma Ntoso documents to knowledge bases that use other ontologies such as Metalex (http://justinian.leibnizcenter.org/MetaLex/metalex-cen.owl). In order to be reusable in different contexts, ALLOT has been aligned to two foundational ontologies, i.e. DOLCE and BFO. The alignment is still under revision and can slightly change in future releases of the ontology.

Classes

conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Concept

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
Any non-tangible notion or idea that can be referred to but does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: the approval of an act, peace, child, Mickey Mouse, John Constantine, a class of an ontology.
has super-classes
b f o 0000002
social object
referencec
has sub-classes
expressionc, locationc, organizationc, rolec, termc, workc
is disjoint with
eventc, manifestationc, objectc
This class maps with the XML element "TLCConcept" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_TLCConcept.html).

eventc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Event

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
Something that happened, will happen, may happen or have lasted. E.g.: the World War II, the coming into force of act 27, Sunday 26th of August 2012.
has super-classes
b f o 0000003
event
referencec
has sub-classes
processc
is disjoint with
conceptc, manifestationc, objectc
This class maps with the XML element "TLCEvent" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_TLCEvent.html).

expressionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/FRBRExpression

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
Any version of a FRBR Work whose content is specified and different from others for any reason: language, versions, etc. E.g.: act 3 of 2005 as in the version following the amendments entered into force on July 3rd, 2006.
has super-classes
information object
conceptc
is in domain of
has embodimentop
is in range of
has realizationop
is disjoint with
workc, locationc, organizationc, rolec, termc, itemc, manifestationc, workc
This class maps with the XML element "FRBRExpression" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_FRBRExpression.html).

itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/FRBRItem

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
The physical copy of any manifestation, such as a sheet of paper on a desk or file stored somewhere in some computer on the net or disconnected. E.g.: the file called act32005.pdf on my computer containing a PDF representation of act 3, 2005.
has super-classes
information realization
objectc
is in range of
has exemplarop
is disjoint with
personc, expressionc, manifestationc, workc
This class maps with the XML element "FRBRItem" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_FRBRItem.html).

locationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Location

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
A location that can be referred to also using geographical coordinates. E.g.: the Rio river, Marrakesh, the entrance to the Black Forrest.
has super-classes
b f o 0000141
place
conceptc
is disjoint with
expressionc, workc, organizationc, rolec, termc
This class maps with the XML element "TLCLocation" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_TLCLocation.html).

manifestationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/FRBRManifestation

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
Any electronic or physical format of a FRBR Expression: OOXML, ODT, XML, TIFF, PDF, print, etc. E.g.: PDF representation of act 3 of 2005 as in the version following the amendments entered into force on July 3rd, 2006.
has super-classes
b f o 0000019
quality
referencec
is in domain of
has exemplarop
is in range of
has embodimentop
is disjoint with
conceptc, eventc, objectc, expressionc, itemc, workc
This class maps with the XML element "FRBRManifestation" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_FRBRManifestation.html).

objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Object

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
Anything concrete (i.e. made of atoms) that can be referred to but that does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: a pen, a pet, a building.
has super-classes
b f o 0000040
physical object
referencec
has sub-classes
itemc, personc
is disjoint with
conceptc, eventc, manifestationc
This class maps with the XML element "TLCObject" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_TLCObject.html).

organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Organization

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
An institution or recognizable group of individuals. Organizations can be formal or informal, have a strong degree of internal organization or be completely anarchic, have their own name or be anonymous, have their own legal status or be impromptu groups E.g.: the workers’ union, France, the Socialist party, the proponents of bill 103/32, the President of the Italian Republic.
has super-classes
b f o 0000027
organization
conceptc
is disjoint with
expressionc, workc, locationc, rolec, termc
This class maps with the XML element "TLCOrganization" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_TLCOrganization.html).

personc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Person

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
A real human being, regardless whether he/she is alive or deceased, named or unnamed. For fictional person, see the class concept. E.g.: John Doe, the person with ID RSSMRA72H12L116B.
has super-classes
natural person
objectc
is disjoint with
itemc
This class maps with the XML element "TLCPerson" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_TLCPerson.html).

processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Process

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
A series of actions or steps directed to some end. E.g.: the approval of act 317, the election of the 11th president of the senate.
has super-classes
b f o 0000015
process
eventc
This class maps with the XML element "TLCProcess" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_TLCProcess.html).

referencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Reference

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
A reference for any kind of entity.
has super-classes
b f o 0000001
entity
thingc
has sub-classes
conceptc, eventc, manifestationc, objectc
is in domain of
has related referenceop
is in range of
has related referenceop
This class maps with the XML element "TLCReference" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_TLCReference.html).

rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Role

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
A part played by a person or an organization, in a certain situation. E.g.: member of parliament, speaker, head of office, bill proposer.
has super-classes
b f o 0000023
role
conceptc
is disjoint with
expressionc, workc, locationc, organizationc, termc
This class maps with the XML element "TLCRole" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_TLCRole.html).

termc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Term

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
A word or group of words whose meaning is defined in a formal and precise manner by means of a specific concept. E.g.: opening sentence, rebuttal, impeachment.
has super-classes
information object
conceptc
is disjoint with
expressionc, workc, locationc, organizationc, rolec
This class maps with the XML element "TLCTerm" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_TLCTerm.html).

workc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/FRBRWork

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
The abstract concept of a legal resource. E.g.: act 3 of 2005.
has super-classes
conceptc
is in domain of
has realizationop
is disjoint with
expressionc, locationc, organizationc, rolec, termc, expressionc, itemc, manifestationc
This class maps with the XML element "FRBRWork" in Akoma Ntoso (http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/csprd02/part2-specs/materials/akn-core-v1.0-csd02-part2-specs_xsd_Element_FRBRWork.html).

Object Properties

has embodimentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/hasEmbodiment

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
This property allows one to specify the manifestation in which an expression is embodied.
has super-properties
has related referenceop
has domain
expressionc
has range
manifestationc

has exemplarop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/hasExemplar

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
This property allows one to specify an exemplification of a manifestation.
has super-properties
has related referenceop
has domain
manifestationc
has range
itemc

has realizationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/hasRealization

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
This property allows one to specify the entities that realizes a work.
has super-properties
has related referenceop
has domain
workc
has range
expressionc

has related referenceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/hasRelatedReference

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
This property allows one to link two instances of the class Reference that are related for some reason.
has sub-properties
has embodimentop, has exemplarop, has realizationop, mentionsop
has domain
referencec
has range
referencec

mentionsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/mentions

is defined by
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot
This property allows to specify the references that are mentioned by a document, independently from the particular FRBR level one is considering.
has super-properties
has related referenceop
has domain
expressionc or itemc or manifestationc or workc

Annotation Properties

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

dateap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

General Axioms

All Disjoint Classes back to ToC

conceptc, eventc, manifestationc, objectc

All Disjoint Classes back to ToC

expressionc, workc, locationc, organizationc, rolec, termc

All Disjoint Classes back to ToC

expressionc, itemc, manifestationc, workc

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

default namespace
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot#
2-0
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2.0/
allot
http://akn.web.cs.unibo.it/allot/
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
dul
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/
dul-owl
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#
obo
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/
ontology
https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni.