Physicalistic Interpretation of Modelling and Simulation - Interoperability Infrastructure (PIMS-II)
type: Ontology
version IRI: II.1.12a
version info: PIMS-II version II.1.12a
created: 2023-05-04
issued: 2023-05-04
publisher: Innovation Centre for Process Data Technology (Inprodat e.V.)
license: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.en.html
creator: Martin Thomas Horsch (ORCID 0000-0002-9464-6739)
references: pims-ii-latex-symbols.tex
preferred namespace prefix: pims-ii
preferred namespace uri: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#
description: The Physicalistic Interpretation of Modelling and Simulation - Interoperability Infrastructure (PIMS-II) is a mid-level ontology with a focus on documenting cognitive processes and epistemic metadata
bibliographic citation: Cite this vocabulary as: M. T. Horsch, PIMS-II ontology, http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii/, version II.1.12a, 2023. Also reference at least one the following papers: (a) http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2969/paper3-FOUST.pdf (b) http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3249/paper2-CAOS.pdf

Object
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasProperPart
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isSpatiotemporallyDisconnectedFrom
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporallyPrecedes
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: temporallyPrecedes
  some values from: Object
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isProperPartOf
  some values from: Object
disjoint union of: Item
disjoint union of: MereotopologicalCollective
comment: Object (PIMS-II top class) = cognizable entity
scope note: following Peirce, all that exists is regarded as cognizable, i.e., all in principle be referred to by a sign, hence the label 'Object'

Collective
type: Class
subclass of: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOf
  min cardinality: 2
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOf
  some values from: Object
union of: MereotopologicalCollective
union of: SemioticCollective
comment: Collective, i.e., an object that has multiple items as members

isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: Top mereosemiotic relation: Direct or indirect connection through mereotopological and semiotic relations

isMemberOf
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \leq
range: Collective
sub property of: isProperPartOf
sub property of: isConstitutiveOf
comment: membership relation, i.e., relation between an item/member and a collective

MereotopologicalCollective
type: Class
subclass of: Collective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMereotopologicalMemberOf
  min cardinality: 2
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMereotopologicalMemberOf
  some values from: Item
comment: Mereotopological collective, i.e., a region of spacetime that consists of multiple connected components, which are its mereotopological members

Item
type: Class
subclass of: Object
comment: Item, i.e., a connected region of spacetime that does not consist of multiple connected components
scope note: Alternative definition: An item is an object that cannot be split into two spatiotemporally disconnected parts

Process
type: Class
subclass of: Item
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isParticipantIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Process, i.e., a connected region that has at least one participant, an entity with which it overlaps spatiotemporally and that plays a certain role in the process
scope note: n.b., 'participation' here does not imply agency, anything that somehow plays a role in the process, and does so by virtue of overlapping with it spatiotemporally, is a participant in it

directlyPrecedesStep
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot\hookrightarrow
domain: Process
range: Process
sub property of: precedesStep
sub property of: hasDirectCausalConnectionWith
comment: (x directlyPrecedesStep y) means that x and y are processes such that y can commence when x (and possibly other steps that also directly precede y) has finished
scope note: (x directlyPrecedesStep y) implies that there is a direct causal connection between x and y

doesNotOverlapWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
alternative label: \lnot(\dot{P}^-\dot{P})
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
comment: (x doesNotOverlapWith y) is the negation of (x overlapsWith y); i.e., the spatiotemporal intersection of x and y is empty

doesNotTemporallyOverlapWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
alternative label: \lnot(\equiv_t\dot{P}^-\dot{P})
sub property of: doesNotOverlapWith
comment: (x doesNotTemporallyOverlapWith y) is the negation of (x temporallyOverlapsWith y); i.e., there is no temporal overlap between x and y

hasImproperPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: overlapsWith
inverse of: isImproperPartOf
comment: Spatiotemporal (mereological) improper parthood relation; in other words, it is the reflexive closure of proper parthood: (x hasImproperPart y) means that all points within y are also within x

hasProperPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
alternative label: \dot{P}^-
sub property of: hasImproperPart
inverse of: isProperPartOf
comment: (x hasProperPart y) means that y is an improper part of x such that x and y are not the same, in other words, all points within y are also within x, but not vice versa
scope note: Spatiotemporal (mereological) proper parthood relation

isInitialStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Process
range: Process
sub property of: isStepIn
comment: (x isInitialStepIn y) means that y is a step in x (i.e., a subprocess of x) that is not preceded by any other step

isImproperPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
alternative label: P
sub property of: overlapsWith
inverse of: hasImproperPart
comment: Spatiotemporal (mereological) improper parthood relation; in other words, it is the reflexive closure of proper parthood: (x isImproperPartOf y) means that all points within x are also within y
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isFusionOf

isMereotopologicalMemberOf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Item
range: MereotopologicalCollective
sub property of: isMemberOf
sub property of: isMereologicallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isMereotopologicalMemberOf y) means that x is one out of several mereotopologically connected components of y

isParticipantIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Process
sub property of: overlapsWith
sub property of: hasDirectCausalConnectionWith
comment: (x isParticipantIn y) means that y is a process in which x plays a certain role (e.g., x is a well-defined step within y, or x is an object that undergoes some change within y, or x is a sign that is read or an object that is perceived within y); this requires a spatiotemporal overlap between x and y

isProperPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: isImproperPartOf
sub property of: isTemporallyIncludedIn
inverse of: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: isOldReferentInPartToWhole
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isNewReferentInPartToWhole
property chain axiom: isNewReferentInWholeToPart
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isOldReferentInWholeToPart
comment: Spatiotemporal (mereological) proper parthood relation; (x isProperPartOf y) means that x is an improper part of y such that x and y are not the same, in other words, all points within x are also within y, but not vice versa
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isFusionOf
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isFusionOf

isProperParticipantIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Process
sub property of: isProperPartOf
sub property of: isParticipantIn
comment: (x isProperParticipantIn y) is the conjunction of (x isProperPartOf y) and (x isParticipantIn y)

isSpatiotemporallyConnectedWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: isTemporallyConnectedWith
property chain axiom: hasImproperPart
comment: (x isSpatiotemporallyConnectedWith y) means that x and y overlap or are directly adjacent to each other at some point; i.e., there is a point p_x in x and a point p_y in y such that you can go from p_x to p_y without ever leaving the fusion (x U y)

isSpatiotemporallyDisconnectedFrom
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: doesNotOverlapWith
comment: (x isSpatiotemporallyDisconnectedFrom y) is the negation of (x isSpatiotemporallyConnectedWith y); i.e., to go from any point in x to any point in y, it is necessary to leave the fusion (x U y)

isStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Process
range: Process
range: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInitialStepIn
  some values from: Process
range: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTerminalStepIn
  some values from: Process
sub property of: isProperParticipantIn
comment: (x isStepIn y) means that x and y are processes, where x is a proper part of y that plays a well-defined role within y (e.g., a task within a project, the execution of a single command within the execution of a program, etc.)

isTemporallyConnectedWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
property chain axiom: isSpatiotemporallyConnectedWith
property chain axiom: temporallyCoextendsWith
comment: (x isTemporallyConnectedWith y) means that there is a point in time where both x and y exist

isTerminalStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Process
range: Process
sub property of: isStepIn
comment: (x isTerminalStepIn y) means that y is a step in x (i.e., a subprocess of x) that does not precede any other step

overlapsWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: isSpatiotemporallyConnectedWith
sub property of: temporallyOverlapsWith
property chain axiom: hasImproperPart
property chain axiom: isImproperPartOf
comment: (x overlapsWith y) means that x and y share a spatiotemporal region where x and y intersect

precedesStep
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Process
range: Process
sub property of: temporallyPrecedes
sub property of: hasCausalConnectionWith
comment: 'precedesStep' is the transitive closure of 'directlyPrecedesStep'; (x precedesStep y) means that the processes x and y are, possibly indirectly, causally connected such that x needs to be concluded before y can commence

temporallyCoextendsWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: temporallyOverlapsWith
comment: (x temporallyCoextendsWith y) means that x and y have exactly the same extension in time, i.e., disregarding their spatial extension

isTemporallyIncludedIn
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: temporallyOverlapsWith
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: temporallyCoextendsWith
comment: (x isTemporallyIncludedIn y) means that the temporal extension of x is a proper part of the temporal extension of y

temporallyOverlapsWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: isTemporallyConnectedWith
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: temporallyCoextendsWith
comment: (x temporallyOverlapsWith y) means that there is an (extended) interval in time where both x and y exist

temporallyPrecedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: doesNotTemporallyOverlapWith
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: temporallyCoextendsWith
comment: (x temporallyPrecedes y) means that every point in x is earlier in time than every point in y; the spacetime regions x and y may be connected, but they cannot overlap temporally

Accumulation
type: Class
subclass of: InformationProcessing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAccumulationInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInAccumulation
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAccumulationOutputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isIncludedInAccumulation
  some values from: Object
comment: Accumulation, i.e., an information-processing step in which the given information is extended/complemented such that the input (sign) and one or multiple additional representamina (cf. relation isIncludedInAccumulation) are jointly constitutive of the output (interpretant); this includes conditional accumulation, where the choice and the way in which information is combined depends on an accumulation condition (cf. relation isAccumulationConditionIn)

Articulation
type: Class
alternative label: AN
subclass of: SemioticCollective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: realizes
  min cardinality: 2
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: realizes
  some values from:
    complement of: SemioticCollective
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
  some values from: SemioticCollective
comment: Articulation (collective expression), i.e., a semiotic collective the semiotic members (i.e., realizations) of which are not semiotic collectives, but individual literal (written or digital) or non-literal (e.g., spoken) items with the same semiotic function (or undergoing evaluation whether such a function is present)

Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Ground
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isAssessmentFor
  some values from: CognitiveStep
comment: Assessment (of a cognitive step), i.e., a ground that provides an explanation including a proposition on the extent (quantitatively or qualitatively) to which the grounded cognitive step is reliable/accurate/valid (or similar), why that is the case, and how that relates to the reliability/accuracy/etc. of the preceding step

Assignment
type: Class
alternative label: ASG
subclass of: DigitalConventional
subclass of: EqualityArticulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isVariableInAssignment
  some values from: Variable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isValueInAssignment
  some values from: Value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isAssignmentFor
  some values from: Object
comment: Assignment, i.e., an equality articulation by which a value is assigned to a variable with respect to a particular referent (e.g., T = 200 K for substance o as it was measured in a particular cognitive step); therein, T is the variable, related to the assignment by [inverseOf isVariableInAssignment], 200 K is the value, related to the assignment by [inverseOf isValueInAssignment], and o is the referent, related to the assignment by isAssignmentFor

BasicGround
type: Class
subclass of: Ground
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isGroundFor
  all values from: Presupposition
comment: Basic ground, i.e., a ground that is assumed to be valid and reliable a priori; a cognitive step for which there is a basic ground is a presupposition

CanonicalTUCAN
type: Class
subclass of: MaterialIdentifier
comment: Canonical TUCAN, i.e., the material identifier as developed within the NFDI4Chem project

Claim
type: Class
subclass of: Proposition
equivalent class:
  intersection of: Proposition
  intersection of:
    union of: Restriction
      on property: isAssertedBy
      some values from: Interlocutor
    union of: Restriction
      on property: isClaimOf
      some values from: IntelligentAgent
comment: Claim, i.e., a proposition that is expressed by an interlocutor or believed/held by an intelligent agent

Cognition
type: Class
subclass of: Process
union of: CognitiveStep
union of: CognitiveChain
comment: Cognition, i.e., a process dealing with representamina (signs) consisting either of a single cognitive step, of multiple steps that are connected to each other as a cognitive chain, or of an anchor point for epistemic grounding

CognitiveChain
type: Class
subclass of: Cognition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isStepInCognitiveChain
  min cardinality: 2
comment: Cognitive chain, i.e., a cognition that consists of multiple (sub)steps

CognitiveRupture
type: Class
subclass of: CognitiveStep
comment: Cognitive rupture, i.e., a cognitive step that constitutes a break in the chain of epistemic grounding

CognitiveStep
type: Class
subclass of: Cognition
disjoint union of: CognitiveRupture
disjoint union of: Metonymization
disjoint union of: Presupposition
disjoint union of: Semiosis
comment: Cognitive step, i.e., an elementary cognition that can form an part of a cognitive chain

CollectiveLiteral
type: Class
subclass of: Articulation
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isLiterally
  min cardinality: 1
disjoint with: CollectiveUtterance
comment: Collective literal, i.e., a semiotic collective the members of which all have a digital, printed, or written textual/numerical form in that they are all instances/copies of the same RDFS literal (or multiple RDFS literals that are very similar, e.g., different ways of spelling/abbreviating the same word or denoting the same number); n.b., collective literals are not permitted to have other semiotic collectives as their semiotic members

isLiterally
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: CollectiveLiteral
comment: points to the expression of a collective literal as an RDFS literal (e.g., xs:string or xs:decimal)

CollectiveUtterance
type: Class
subclass of: Articulation
disjoint with: CollectiveLiteral
comment: Collective utterance, i.e., a semiotic collective the members of which do not have digital, printed, or written textual/numerical form and the members of which are all attributed the same semantics and pragmatics; n.b., collective utterances are not permitted to have other semiotic collectives as their semiotic members

ConceptualIRI
type: Class
subclass of: IRI
disjoint with: RelationalIRI
comment: Conceptual IRI, i.e., the internationalized resource identifier of a concept (i.e., of an owl:Class)

Conventional
type: Class
alternative label: CV
subclass of: Articulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isRepresentamenFor
  some values from: Object
comment: Conventional, i.e., a semiotic collective articulation the members of which jointly fulfill a certain semiotic function by social convention; e.g., many spoken or written occurrences of the words 'enthalpy of vaporization' or 'latent heat' may act together as a property in this sense

DataItem
type: Class
alternative label: DI
subclass of: DigitalArticulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: DigitalConventional
comment: Data item, i.e., a digital articulation given as a tuple of digital conventionals
example: e.g., a key-value dyad with a left-hand side and a right-hand side

Dataset
type: Class
subclass of: DigitalArticulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: DataItem
comment: Dataset, i.e., a digital articulation that is composed of multiple data items that are similar in shape, kind, and content type

DigitalArticulation
type: Class
alternative label: DAN
subclass of: Articulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: CollectiveLiteral
comment: Digital articulation, i.e., an articulation the members of which are copies of the same digital content (a file, assignment of a value to a variable, a data set, etc.)

DigitalConventional
type: Class
alternative label: DCV
subclass of: Conventional
subclass of: DigitalArticulation
intersection of: Conventional
intersection of: DigitalArticulation
comment: Digital conventional, i.e., a conventional that is a digital articulation

Dyad
type: Class
subclass of: DataItem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isFirstInDyad
  some values from: DigitalConventional
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSecondInDyad
  some values from: DigitalConventional
comment: Dyad, i.e., a data item by which two conventionals are grouped together; e.g., an equality or inequality articulation

Duplication
type: Class
subclass of: InformationProcessing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOriginalIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInDuplication
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isDuplicateIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Duplication, i.e., an information-processing step in which the given information is reproduced, copied, converted into a different, but equivalent format, or any similar procedure; e.g., this may be based on a legisign to which the original (sign) and the duplicate (interpretant) jointly conform or on a semiotic collective of which they both semiotic members

EqualityArticulation
type: Class
alternative label: EAN
subclass of: Dyad
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isLeftHandSideIn
  some values from: Term
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isRightHandSideIn
  some values from: Term
comment: Equality articulation, i.e., a dyad by which two terms are asserted to be equal or to become equal

Evaluation
type: Class
alternative label: EVA
subclass of: Telesis
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTelosInEvaluation
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isEvaluatedIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isEvaluationOutcomeIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: directlyGrounds
  some values from:
    union of: Telesis
    union of: Undertaking
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isEvaluatorIn
  some values from:
    intersection of: GoalDirectedAgent
    intersection of: Interlocutor
intersection of: Telesis
intersection of: Interpretation
comment: Evaluation, i.e., a reflection ex post (Reflexion des Vollzugs following Baumann and Tulatz) or redetermination, carried out after an action has terminated, either by the same agent or by somebody else

Examination
type: Class
alternative label: EXA
subclass of: Observation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isLegisignIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isExaminedIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isExaminationOutcomeIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Examination (by pattern matching & similar), i.e., an observation by which a legisign (specifying patterns or rules) is applied to an examined object, yielding an examination outcome that expresses in what way or to what extent the object matches the legisign

ExperimentalWorkflow
type: Class
subclass of: CognitiveWorkflow
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isStepInCognitiveChain
  some values from: Measurement
comment: experimental workflow, i.e., a cognition that is purposefully conducted in a controlled environment and has at least one measurement as a step

Ground
type: Class
subclass of: Proposition
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isGroundFor
  some values from: CognitiveStep
comment: Ground (of a cognitive step), i.e., a proposition that justifies a cognitive step by explaning it and stating from what preceding step (which directly grounds that step) a sign-object relation is carried over, and in what way

GroundingChain
type: Class
subclass of: CognitiveChain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isStepInCognitiveChain
  all values from:
    union of: GroundingStep
    union of: Presupposition
comment: Grounding chain, i.e., a cognitive chain that establishes epistemic grounding

GroundedCognition
type: Class
subclass of: Cognition
equivalent class:
  union of: Presupposition
  union of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: logicallyPrecedes
    some values from: Presupposition
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isJustificationFor
  some values from: GroundingChain
comment: Grounded cognition, i.e., a cognition that is logically preceded by a presupposition such that there is a grounding chain establishing its epistemic status as a grounded cognition

GroundingInterpretation
type: Class
subclass of: GroundingStep
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: groundsPresentStepIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isPresentStepInGrounding
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: groundsNextStepIn
  some values from: Object
intersection of: GroundingStep
intersection of: Semiosis
comment: Grounding interpretation, i.e., an interpretation where the sign is a ground for the considered cognitive step, the object is the considered cognitive step, and the interpretant is a ground for a subsequent cognitive step

GroundingMetonymization
type: Class
subclass of: GroundingStep
subclass of: Metonymization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGroundingStepIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGroundingPropositionIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGroundedStepIn
  some values from: Object
intersection of: GroundingStep
intersection of: SemanticChange
comment: Grounding metonymization, i.e., a metonymization where a the old referent is a cognitive step (i.e., the grounding step) that grounds another (i.e., the grounded step), which is the new referent; the referent for both is a ground (i.e., the grounding proposition) that is a ground for the grounded step

GroundingStep
type: Class
subclass of: TriadicCognition
disjoint union of: GroundingMetonymization
disjoint union of: GroundingInterpretation
comment: Grounding step, i.e., a triadic cognition that establishes epistemic grounding

IndividualIRI
type: Class
subclass of: IRI
subclass of: UniqueIdentifier
disjoint with: RelationalIRI
comment: Individual IRI, i.e., the internationalized resource identifier of an individual (owl:Thing or pims-ii:Object)

InformationProcessing
type: Class
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInformationProcessingInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInInformationProcessing
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInformationProcessingOutputIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Information processing, i.e., an interpretation in which information is handled, revised, reformatted, extended, or narrowed down (or anything comparable to such actions), e.g., preprocessing or postprocessing in a simulation workflow

Interpretation
type: Class
alternative label: IPR
subclass of: Semiosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSignInInterpretation
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInInterpretation
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInterpretantInInterpretation
  some values from: Object
comment: Interpretation, i.e., a semiosis where the sign-object relation is carried over from the preceding cognitive step, without the need for the represented object to be present physically

InvestigationSetup
type: Class
subclass of: Metonymization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectOfApplicationIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSignInInvestigation
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectOfInvestigationIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Investigation setup, i.e., a metonymization where a sign (e.g., a model and/or open question) that has come up for an 'object of application' (the old referent, e.g., the system to which a use case refers) is reassigned to an 'object of investigation' to which dedicated studies can be applied, such as a system that will be simulated or investigated experimentally; n.b., there needs to be a causal connection between the old and the new referent, i.e., between the object of application and the object of investigation

IRI
type: Class
subclass of: CollectiveLiteral
subclass of: DigitalArticulation
union of: ConceptualIRI
union of: ContextualIRI
union of: IndividualIRI
union of: RelationalIRI
comment: Internationalized resource identifier (IRI) as defined by RFC 3987; an IRI object should be related by 'isLiterally' to an xs:string containing the IRI literal

KnowledgeBase
type: Class
subclass of: Interlocutor
comment: Knowledge base, i.e., an interlocutor that makes a consistent set of claims and will respond consistently if queried; n.b., that propositional content which 'isHeldBy' a knowledge base needs to be invariable over the whole 4D spacetime in which the knowledge base exist. Since technical knowledge bases do happen to change their propositional content over time, it may make sense either to define proper parts with a short temporal extension or to take care with what a knowledge base is stated to hold. Other kinds of propositional content (varying over time or depending on who makes the query) can be said to be asserted rather than held by the knowledge base.

Lexeme
type: Class
subclass of: CollectiveLiteral
subclass of: Conventional
comment: Lexeme, i.e., a semiotic collective the members of which are all instances/utterances/copies of the same word (or a fragment or group of words that fulfills the corresponding function) which acts as a conventional articulation due to social convention; different ways of writing the word, such as an abbreviation and the full version, may belong to the same lexeme

MaterialIdentifier
type: Class
subclass of: Name
comment: Name or label that identifies the material of its referent, or the material that some semiotic collective is about
scope note: in particular, the TUCAN identifiers from NFDI4Chem can be used

MathematicalOperator
type: Class
subclass of: Lexeme
comment: Mathematical operator, i.e., a lexeme that articulates a mathematical operation, such as the collective containing realizations of '*', '·', 'times', etc.

Measurement
type: Class
subclass of: Observation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMeasurementInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMeasuredObjectIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMeasurementOutcomeIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Measurement, i.e., an observation that follows a standard procedure, so that it can be expected to yield an objective (rather than subjective) outcome

MeasurementUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Lexeme
comment: Measurement unit, i.e., a 'real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention' (EMMO, ISO 80000-1)

Metonymization
type: Class
subclass of: SemanticChange
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOldReferentInMetonymization
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: changesReferentInMetonymization
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNewReferentInMetonymization
  some values from: Object
comment: Metonymization, i.e., a semantic change where there is a causal connection between the old and the new referent, so that the criterion of a 'real causal connection' (between signs and objects) from Peircean semiotics is preserved

Modelling
type: Class
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isModellingInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isModelledIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isModellingOutputIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Modelling, i.e., an interpretation in which the sign is the basis for the modelling process (e.g., an unparameterized or previously parameterized model, knowledge about the modelled system, etc.), the object is the modelled system, and the interpretant is the modelling output (e.g., a parameterized model)

Name
type: Class
subclass of: Lexeme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isNameFor
  some values from: Object
comment: Name, i.e., a lexeme that acts as a rigid designator due to social convention

Number
type: Class
subclass of: Lexeme
comment: Number, i.e., a lexeme that is numerical in nature, such as the collective containing realizations of 'two', '2', and '2.0'

Observation
type: Class
subclass of: Perception
subclass of: PurposefulAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObservationInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObservedIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObservationOutcomeIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Observation, i.e., a perception by which characteristic aspects of an object (e.g., a target property or some more complex kind of behaviour) are purposefully investigated through specific means of perception; the procedure and evaluation may occur based on subjective judgement or according to an agreed procedure

OwnClaim
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isAssertedBy
  some values from: ReferenceToSelf
comment: Own claim, i.e., a claim that is asserted by a self reference (i.e., a/the present interlocutor)
scope note: Specifically this could be used as a concept to be applied to propositional content of the present knowledge base

Optimization
type: Class
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOptimizationProblemIn
  some values from: OptimizationProblem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInOptimization
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOptimizationOutputIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Optimization, i.e., an interpretation in which the sign is the optimization problem, the object is that which the optimization problem is ultimately about, and the interpretant is the optimization output

PartToWhole
type: Class
subclass of: Synecdoche
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOldReferentInPartToWhole
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: changesReferentInPartToWhole
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNewReferentInPartToWhole
  some values from: Object
comment: Part-to-whole synecdoche, i.e., a metonymization where the old referent is a spatiotemporal proper part of the new referent (additionally, the old and new referent need to be connected causally)

Perception
type: Class
alternative label: PCN
subclass of: Semiosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSignInPerception
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isPerceivedIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInterpretantInPerception
  some values from: Object
comment: Perception, i.e., a semiosis in which the referent is a participant (as a perceived object) and therefore needs to be physically present
scope note: the perception is conducted by an agent, namely, the interpreter who perceives the object

Person
type: Class
subclass of: Interlocutor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNameFor
  some values from: Name
comment: Person, i.e., an interlocutor that is socially identified as a natural or legal person by social convention that involves using a name (or multiple names) for it as rigid designators

Planning
type: Class
subclass of: Telesis
subclass of: Perception
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTelosInPlanning
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSituationInPlanning
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isResolutionInPlanning
  some values from: Object
comment: Planning, i.e., a reflection ex ante or predetermination, carried out by analysing the perceived present situation in advance of potentially undertaking an action

Plurality
type: Class
alternative label: PL
subclass of: SemioticCollective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOfPlurality
  min cardinality: 2
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOfPlurality
  some values from: Object
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
  some values from:
    union of: Plurality
    union of: Structure
comment: Plurality, i.e., a semiotic collective the semiotic members of which are a representational element (referent or representamen) together, whereby all act/contribute in the same way - this latter point distinguishes a plurality from a structure; e.g., the referent of the expression 'the four seasons/quarters of the year' (for a given year, within a given spatial region) is a plurality, and each of the four seasons/quarters is one of its semiotic members

Presupposition
type: Class
subclass of: GroundedCognition
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGroundFor
  some values from: BasicGround
comment: Presupposition, i.e., a cognition that has a basic ground, so that it is accepted a priori as an ultimate anchor point for epistemic grounding; any cognition that is logically preceded by a presupposition is a grounded cognition

Property
type: Class
subclass of: Variable
comment: Property, i.e., a variable that is employed for the possible outcome of observations and similar processes (this may include different words used for the same property, in one or multiple languages, and different ways of expressing these words)

Proposition
type: Class
alternative label: PN
subclass of: SemioticCollective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: articulatesLiterally
  some values from: CollectiveLiteral
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
  all values from: Articulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isAbout
  min cardinality: 1
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: articulates
  some values from: Articulation
comment: Proposition, i.e., a semiotic collective the members of which are collective literals and collective utterances understood to be attributed some joint semantic and/or pragmatic content, or undergoing evaluation jointly for the presence of such a content
scope note: Note that this here includes any kind of semiotic collective that fits the given definition; the semantic/pragmatic content may be assertive, but also interrogative or of any other character - in particular, by this definition, 'Question' is a subclass of 'Proposition'

QuantityValue
type: Class
subclass of: Value
equivalent class:
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: isMagnitudeOf
    some values from: Number
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: isUnitOf
    some values from: MeasurementUnit
comment: Quantity value, i.e., a value that has a numerical magnitude and a physical unit

Query
type: Class
subclass of: DigitalArticulation
equivalent class:
  intersection of: DigitalArticulation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: articulates
    some values from: Question
comment: Query, i.e., a digital articulation of a question

Question
type: Class
alternative label: QN
subclass of: Topical
comment: Question, i.e., a topical proposition the semantics/pragmatics of which are of interrogative character
scope note: A question contains interrogative pronouns or other interrogative elements, such as blank nodes when articulated as a query
scope note: Questions are articulated digitally by queries

RelationalIRI
type: Class
subclass of: IRI
disjoint with: ConceptualIRI
disjoint with: ContextualIRI
disjoint with: IndividualIRI
comment: Relational IRI, i.e., the internationalized resource identifier of a something that can play the role of the predicate in a triple; this includes 'rdf:type', object properties, datatype properties, their negations

ResearchQuestion
type: Class
alternative label: RQN
subclass of: Question
comment: Research question, i.e., a question that could, has been, or is being addressed by scientific research and e.g. could be answered by a knowledge claim formulated on the grounds of scientific research data

Rule
type: Class
subclass of: Proposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAntecedentWithin
  some values from: Proposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isConsequentWithin
  some values from: Proposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: articulates
  some values from: Dyad
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOrthodataWithin
  some values from: DigitalArticulation
comment: Rule, i.e., a proposition consisting of an antecedent and one or multiple consequent(s) such that the antecedent is stated to imply the consequent(s)

Selection
type: Class
subclass of: InformationProcessing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSelectionInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInSelection
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSelectionOutputIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Selection, i.e., an information-processing step in which the given information is narrowed down such that the output (interpretant) is constitutive of the input (sign); this includes conditional selection, where one component of the input or another is retained depending on a selection condition (cf. relation isSelectionConditionIn)

ReferenceToSelf
type: Class
subclass of: Interlocutor
comment: Reference to self, i.e., an entity for the interlocutor who *is* the present system, i.e., the system containing the present triples, etc., and whose claims are to be accepted as the present system's 'own claims.' A self-reference is an entity that is either identical with the system at hand, namely, the digital infrastructure or other interlocutor that stores the present semantic content, or a component of it
example: If the present triples are processed by a research data infrastructure with a federated architecture, consisting of several repositories (which are interlocutors, i.e., they can be queried and communicate with the outside world), both the research data infrastructure as a whole and the individual repositories are self-references
scope note: This is relevant for distinguishing anybody's claims from the present system's own claims: If and only if a proposition is asserted by a self-reference, it is an own claim

SemanticChange
type: Class
subclass of: TriadicCognition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOldReferentIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: changesReferentIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNewReferentIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Semantic change, i.e., a triadic cognition by which a representamen is assigned a new referent

Semiosis
type: Class
subclass of: TriadicCognition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSignIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInterpretantIn
  some values from: Object
disjoint union of: Perception
disjoint union of: Interpretation
comment: Semiosis, i.e., a triadic congition that relates 'the sign', 'the object', and 'the interpretant' to each other; a semiosis is either a perception (if the object needs to be present and participate physically in the process) or an interpretation (if the physical participation of the object is not inherently necessary)

SemioticCollective
type: Class
alternative label: SCO
subclass of: Collective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
  min cardinality: 2
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
  some values from: Item
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isRepresentationalElementIn
  some values from: CognitiveStep
disjoint union of: Articulation
disjoint union of: Proposition
disjoint union of: Structure
disjoint union of: Plurality
comment: Semiotic collective, i.e., a collective the semiotic members of which act together as one representational element (i.e., referent or representamen) in a cognitive process

Simulation
type: Class
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: PurposefulAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSimulationInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSimulatedIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSimulationOutputIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Simulation, i.e., a purposefully conducted numerical interpretation of simulation input (model, etc.), where the interpretant is the simulation result

SimulationWorkflow
type: Class
subclass of: CognitiveWorkflow
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isStepInCognitiveChain
  some values from: Simulation
comment: simulation workflow, i.e., a cognitive workflow in which simulation plays a major role

Steering
type: Class
subclass of: Telesis
subclass of: Perception
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTelosInSteering
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isActionInSteering
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isResolutionInSteering
  some values from: Object
comment: Steering, i.e., a reflection in actu (Reflexion im Vollzug following Baumann and Tulatz) or determination, carried out while undertaking an action and playing a role in that action by proper participation

Structure
type: Class
subclass of: SemioticCollective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOfStructure
  min cardinality: 2
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOfStructure
  some values from: Object
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
  some values from: Structure
comment: Structure, i.e., a semiotic collective the semiotic members of which complement each other, contributing in different ways (or, at least, not all int the same way) to their joint action as a referent or a representamen

Synecdoche
type: Class
subclass of: Metonymization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOldReferentInSynecdoche
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: changesReferentInSynecdoche
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNewReferentInSynecdoche
  some values from: Object
disjoint union of: PartToWhole
disjoint union of: WholeToPart
comment: Synecdoche, i.e., a metonymization where a sign is reassigned to a part of its old referent (WholeToPart) or vice versa (PartToWhole)

Telesis
type: Class
alternative label: TEL
subclass of: Semiosis
subclass of: CognitiveAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTelosIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInTelesis
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isResolutionInTelesis
  some values from: Object
disjoint union of: Planning
disjoint union of: Steering
disjoint union of: Evaluation
comment: Telesis (teleological semiosis), i.e., a semiosis where the sign is a telos (aim), the object is an action, claim, or situation against which that aim is evaluated, and the interpretant is a resolution, e.g., a revised objective, plan, or similar evaluation outcome

Term
type: Class
subclass of: Conventional
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAdmissibleValueFor
  some values from: Value
comment: Term, i.e., a conventional that can evaluate to a value; terms include variables, values, and any mathematically and semantically valid ways of combining variables, values, and mathematical operators - note that it is required for a term to potentially take a value

Topical
type: Class
alternative label: TL
subclass of: Proposition
comment: Topical proposition, i.e., something that can be understood as stating the topic of something
scope note: In particular, all questions are topical propositions, since they state the topic of their potential answer
scope note: A topic can be a product of (sub-)topics, that is the case if two aspects of something are being addressed jointly, with a genuine interaction between multiple factors; in this case, the whole topic is a topical product (subclass of topical), and its factors are related to it by pims-ii:isTopicalFactorIn. But something can also address multiple contributions to its subject matter independently, without a genuine interaction between the parts; in that case, the whole topic is a topical sum (disjoint with topical), its parts are topicals, and they are related to the whole by pims-ii:isTopicalSummandIn

TopicalProduct
type: Class
subclass of: Topical
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTopicalFactorIn
  some values from:
    union of: Topical
    union of: TopicalSum
comment: Topical product, i.e., a topical proposition with multiple topical factors

TopicalSum
type: Class
alternative label: TLS
subclass of: Plurality
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTopicalSummandIn
  some values from: Topical
comment: Topical sum, i.e., a plurality of topical propositions, where the individual elements (summands) don't genuinely interact but are just standing beside each other as independent, unrelated (or not very closely related) parts of what is addressed

TriadicCognition
type: Class
subclass of: CognitiveStep
subclass of: CognitiveAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isFirstElementIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSecondElementIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isThirdElementIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGroundFor
  some values from: Ground
disjoint union of: SemanticChange
disjoint union of: Semiosis
comment: Triadic cognition, i.e., a cognitive step of the type s-o-s' (semiosis) or o-s-o' (semantic change), thus containing three elements, in line with the approach by Peirce

Triple
type: Class
subclass of: DataItem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSubjectWithinTriple
  some values from: IRI
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isPredicateWithinTriple
  some values from: IRI
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectWithinTriple
  some values from: IRI
comment: Triple, i.e., a subject-predicate-object triple (connected by relations to the IRIs of the subject, predicate, and object)

UniqueIdentifier
type: Class
subclass of: Name
comment: Unique identifier, i.e., a rigid designator that is applied to exactly one object

Undertaking
type: Class
subclass of: Metonymization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSituationInUndertaking
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isResolutionInUndertaking
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isActionInUndertaking
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: directlyGrounds
  some values from: Telesis
comment: Undertaking, i.e., a metonymization by which a resolution, which was previously determined (by telesis) in response to the pre-existing situation, is actively taken up by the agent, motivating an action

Validation
type: Class
alternative label: VAL
subclass of: Evaluation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: Validation
  some values from: Intention
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isEvaluatedIn
  some values from: CognitiveAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isValidationOutcomeIn
  some values from: ValidityClaim
comment: Validation, i.e., an evaluation of a cognition yielding a validity claim as its interpretant

Value
type: Class
subclass of: Term
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isAdmissibleValueFor
  some values from: Variable
comment: Value, i.e., an articulation that is by social convention understood to be potentially assignable to a variable

Variable
type: Class
subclass of: Term
comment: Variable, i.e., a conventional that is employed for something to which values can be assigned (this may include different notations for the same variable including, e.g., computational representations); this is to be understood very generally, e.g., a variable may be an array or set of elements or have another kind of internal structure

Visualization
type: Class
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isVisualizationInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isVisualizedObjectIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isVisualizationOutputIn
  some values from: Object
comment: Visualization, i.e., an interpretation in which the object is the visualized system and the interpretant is a visual representation of the object - the sign is a pre-existing representamen for the same object, e.g., a simulation result

WholeToPart
type: Class
subclass of: Synecdoche
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOldReferentInWholeToPart
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: changesReferentInWholeToPart
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNewReferentInWholeToPart
  some values from: Object
comment: Whole-to-part synecdoche, i.e., a metonymization where the new referent is a spatiotemporal proper part of the old referent (additionally, the old and new referent need to be connected causally)

isAccumulationInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Accumulation
sub property of: isInformationProcessingInputIn
comment: (x isAccumulationInputIn y) == y is an accumulation where x is the input (initially given information), i.e., the first element; n.b., in an accumulation, the input needs to be constitutive of the output

isObjectInAccumulation
type: ObjectProperty
range: Accumulation
sub property of: isObjectInInformationProcessing
comment: (x isObjectInAccumulation y) == y is an accumulation where x is the object that the input and the output both represent, i.e., the second element

isAccumulationOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Accumulation
sub property of: isInformationProcessingOutputIn
comment: (x isAccumulationOutputIn y) == y is an accumulation where x is the output (combined information), i.e., the third element; n.b., in a selection, the input and any additionally included elements need to be constitutive of the output

isIncludedInAccumulation
type: ObjectProperty
range: Accumulation
sub property of: isParticipantIn
comment: (x isIncludedInAccumulation y) == y is an accumulation where x is combined with the accumulation input, yielding an output that x is constitutive of; n.b., x needs to act as a representamen for the object (e.g., as an interpretant from a preceding cognitive step with the same object)

isAccumulationConditionIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Proposition
range: Accumulation
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (x isAccumulationConditionIn y) == in the accumulation process y, the condition x controls in what way the input and the additionally included elements interact to yield a combined output

isReferentIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isRepresentationalElementIn
comment: (x isReferentIn y) == x occurs in the cognitive step y in the function of the/a referent of a representamen

isRepresentamenIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isRepresentationalElementIn
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition
comment: (x isRepresentamenIn y) == x participates in the cognitive step y in the role of the/a representamen

isRepresentationalElementIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
comment: (x isRepresentationalElementIn y) == x acts as a representamen or referent in the cognitive step y

isOriginalIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Duplication
sub property of: isInformationProcessingInputIn
comment: (x isOriginalIn y) == y is a duplication step where x is the input (original version), i.e., the first element

isObjectInDuplication
type: ObjectProperty
range: Duplication
sub property of: isObjectInInformationProcessing
comment: (x isObjectInDuplication y) == y is a duplication step where x is the object that the original and the duplicate both represent, i.e., the second element

isDuplicateIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Duplication
sub property of: isInformationProcessingOutputIn
comment: (x isDuplicateIn y) == y is a duplication step where x is the output (duplicate), i.e., the third element

isTelosInEvaluation
type: ObjectProperty
range: Evaluation
sub property of: isTelosIn
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation
comment: (x isTelosInEvaluation y) == y is an evaluation (reflection ex post) where x acts as the telos (initial guiding objective), i.e., the first element

isEvaluatedIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Action
range: Evaluation
sub property of: isObjectInTelesis
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation
sub property of: temporallyPrecedes
comment: (x isEvaluatedIn y) == y is an evaluation (reflection ex post) where x is the action undergoing evaluation, i.e., the second element; n.b., the action needs to temporally precede the evaluation

isEvaluationOutcomeIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Evaluation
sub property of: isResolutionInTelesis
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation
comment: (x isEvaluationOutcomeIn y) == y is a an evaluation (reflection ex post) where x is the resolution (evaluation outcome), i.e., the third element

isEvaluatorIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot{P}_e
domain: GoalDirectedAgent
domain: Interlocutor
range: Evaluation
sub property of: isInterpreterIn
comment: (x isEvaluatorIn y) means that y is an evaluation and x is the interpreter in it

isLegisignIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Examination
sub property of: isObservationInputIn
comment: (x isLegisignIn y) == y is an examination where x is applied to an object as a legisign, i.e., the first element, specifying patterns or rules the compliance with which is being assessed

isExaminedIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Examination
sub property of: isObservedIn
comment: (x isExaminedIn y) == y is an examination where x acts as the examined object, i.e., the second element, for which it is assessed to what extent (in which way, under what additional conditions, etc.) it conforms with the legisign

isExaminationOutcomeIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Examination
sub property of: isObservationOutcomeIn
comment: (x isExaminationOutcomeIn y) == y is an examination where x is the examination outcome, i.e., the third element (e.g., yes the object agrees with the legisign, or it does so under this or that condition, etc.)

groundsPresentStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Ground
range: GroundingInterpretation
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation
comment: (x groundsPresentStepIn y) == y is a grounding interpretation where x is the first element, i.e., a ground for the considered cognitive step

isPresentStepInGrounding
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CognitiveStep
range: GroundingInterpretation
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation
comment: (x isPresentStepInGrounding y) == y is a grounding interpretation where x is the second element, i.e., the considered cognitive step

groundsNextStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Ground
range: GroundingInterpretation
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation
sub property of: isGroundFor
comment: (x groundsNextStepIn y) == y is a grounding interpretation where x is the third element, i.e., a ground for the subsequent cognitive step; thereby, x also serves as a ground for y itself

isGroundingStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CognitiveStep
range: GroundingMetonymization
sub property of: isOldReferentInMetonymization
comment: (x isGroundingStepIn y) == y is a grounding step where x is the grounding step, i.e., the first element

isGroundingPropositionIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Ground
range: GroundingMetonymization
sub property of: changesReferentInMetonymization
sub property of: isGroundFor
comment: (x isGroundingPropositionIn y) == y is a grounding step where x is the grounding proposition, i.e., the second element; therein, x is a ground for the grounded step, and x is also a ground for y itself

isGroundedStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CognitiveStep
range: GroundingMetonymization
sub property of: isNewReferentInMetonymization
comment: (x isGroundedStepIn y) == y is a grounding step where x is the grounded step, i.e., the third element

isInformationProcessingInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: InformationProcessing
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation
comment: (x isInformationProcessingInputIn y) == y is an information-processing step where x is the input, i.e., the first element

isObjectInInformationProcessing
type: ObjectProperty
range: InformationProcessing
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation
comment: (x isObjectInInformationProcessing y) == y is an information-processing step where x is the object that the input and the output both represent, i.e., the second element

isInformationProcessingOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: InformationProcessing
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation
comment: (x isInformationProcessingOutputIn y) == y is an information-processing step where x is the output, i.e., the third element

isSignInInterpretation
type: ObjectProperty
range: Interpretation
sub property of: isSignIn
comment: (x isSignInInterpretation y) == y is an interpretation where x acts as the sign, i.e., the first element

isObjectInInterpretation
type: ObjectProperty
range: Interpretation
sub property of: isObjectIn
comment: (x isObjectInInterpretation y) == y is an interpretation where x acts as the object, i.e., the second element; there is no need to the object of an interpretation to be present and participate in the interpretation process physically

isInterpretantInInterpretation
type: ObjectProperty
range: Interpretation
sub property of: isInterpretantIn
comment: (x isInterpretantInInterpretation y) == y is an interpretation where x acts as the interpretant, i.e., the third element

isObjectOfApplicationIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: InvestigationSetup
sub property of: isOldReferentInMetonymization
comment: (x isObjectOfApplicationIn y) == y is an investigation-setup action where x acts as the object of application (e.g., the system to which a use case refers), i.e., the first element; n.b., there needs to be a causal connection between the object of application and the object of investigation

isSignInInvestigation
type: ObjectProperty
range: InvestigationSetup
sub property of: changesReferentInMetonymization
comment: (x isSignInInvestigation y) == y is an investigation-setup action where x acts as a representamen, i.e., the second element, both for the object of application (to which it is initially applied) and the object of investigation (to which it is reassigned such that the investigation can take place)

isObjectOfInvestigationIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: InvestigationSetup
sub property of: isNewReferentInMetonymization
comment: (x isObjectOfInvestigationIn y) == y is an investigation-setup action where x acts as the object of investigation (e.g., the item subject to an experiment or a simulated process or system), i.e., as the third element; n.b., there needs to be a causal connection between the object of application and the object of investigation

isMeasurementInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Measurement
sub property of: isObservationInputIn
comment: (x isMeasurementInputIn y) == y is a measurement where x serves as the input (sign), i.e., the first element, constituting the precondition in terms of available information and similar items

isMeasuredObjectIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Measurement
sub property of: isObservedIn
comment: (x isMeasuredObjectIn y) == y is a measurement where x acts as the object, i.e., the second element, that is subject to the measurement and for which a property is determined

isMeasurementOutcomeIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Measurement
sub property of: isObservationOutcomeIn
comment: (x isMeasurementOutcomeIn y) == y is a measurement where x is the measurement outcome, i.e., the third element (e.g., the value that is determined for the considered property of the measured object, the measurement error, and any other outcome)

isOldReferentInMetonymization
type: ObjectProperty
range: Metonymization
sub property of: isOldReferentIn
comment: (x isOldReferentInMetonymization y) == y is a metonymization where x acts as the old referent, i.e., the first element; the old and the new referent need to have a causal connection

changesReferentInMetonymization
type: ObjectProperty
range: Metonymization
sub property of: changesReferentIn
comment: (x changesReferentInMetonymization y) == y is a metonymization where x acts as the representamen, i.e., the second element

isNewReferentInMetonymization
type: ObjectProperty
range: Metonymization
sub property of: isNewReferentIn
comment: (x isNewReferentInMetonymization y) == y is a metonymization where x acts as the new referent, i.e., the third element; the old and the new referent need to have a causal connection

isModellingInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Modelling
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation
comment: (x isModellingInputIn y) == y is a modelling (model construction or parameterization) step where x is the input (previous or unparameterized model, knowledge about the modelled system, etc.), i.e., the first element

isModelledIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Modelling
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation
comment: (x isModelledIn y) == y is a modelling (model construction or parameterization) step where x acts as the modelled object (system, substance, process, or similar), i.e., the second element

isModellingOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Modelling
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation
comment: (x isModellingOutputIn y) == y is a modelling (model construction or parameterization) step where x is the modelling output (e.g., a parameterized or improved model), i.e., the third element

isObservationInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Observation
sub property of: isSignInPerception
comment: (x isObservationInputIn y) == y is an observation where x designates input and/or advance knowledge relevant to the observation, i.e., the first element

isObservedIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Observation
sub property of: isPerceivedIn
comment: (x isObservedIn y) == y is an observation where x acts as the observed object, i.e., the second element, for which the value of a property is to be determined

isObservationOutcomeIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Observation
sub property of: isInterpretantInPerception
comment: (x isObservationOutcomeIn y) == y is an observation where x is the observation outcome (the observed value of the target property), i.e., the third element

isOptimizationProblemIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: OptimizationProblem
range: Optimization
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation
sub property of: isAimIn
comment: (x isOptimizationProblemIn y) == y is an optimization where x is the optimization problem, i.e., the first element.
scope note: In (x isOptimizationProblemIn y), x is the aim/intention pursued by carrying out the optimization process y.

isObjectInOptimization
type: ObjectProperty
range: Optimization
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation
comment: (x isObjectInOptimization y) == y is an optimization where x is that which the optimization is ultimately about, i.e., the second element

isOptimizationOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Optimization
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation
comment: (x isOptimizationOutputIn y) == y is an optimization where x is the optimization output, i.e., the third element

isDesignParameterWithin
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Conventional
range: OptimizationProblem
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isDesignParameterWithin y) == x is one of the parameters that make up the design space considered in the optimization problem y

isOptimizationObjectiveWithin
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Conventional
range: OptimizationProblem
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isOptimizationObjectiveWithin y) == x is one of the optimization criteria that make up the objective space considered in the optimization problem y

isMaximizationObjectiveIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Conventional
range: Optimization
sub property of: isOptimizationObjectiveWithin
comment: (x isMaximizationObjectiveIn y) == x is a maximization objective/criterion considered in the optimization problem y

isMaximizationObjectiveIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Conventional
range: Optimization
sub property of: isOptimizationObjectiveWithin
comment: (x isMaximizationObjectiveIn y) == x is a maximization objective/criterion considered in the optimization problem y

isOldReferentInPartToWhole
type: ObjectProperty
range: PartToWhole
sub property of: isOldReferentInSynecdoche
comment: (x isOldReferentInPartToWhole y) == y is a part-to-whole synecdoche where x acts as the old referent (the part), i.e., the first element

changesReferentInPartToWhole
type: ObjectProperty
range: PartToWhole
sub property of: changesReferentInSynecdoche
comment: (x changesReferentInPartToWhole y) == y is a part-to-whole synecdoche where x acts as the representamen, i.e., the second element

isNewReferentInPartToWhole
type: ObjectProperty
range: PartToWhole
sub property of: isNewReferentInSynecdoche
comment: (x isNewReferentInPartToWhole y) == y is a part-to-whole synecdoche where x acts as the new referent (the whole), i.e., the third element

isSignInPerception
type: ObjectProperty
range: Perception
sub property of: isSignIn
comment: (x isSignInPerception y) == y is a perception where x acts as the sign, i.e., the first element

isPerceivedIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Perception
sub property of: isObjectIn
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition
comment: (x isPerceivedIn y) == y is a perception where x acts as the perceived object, i.e., the second element; the perceived object is a (mereotopological) participant of the perception, in other words, it needs to be physically present so that it can be perceived

isInterpretantInPerception
type: ObjectProperty
range: Perception
sub property of: isInterpretantIn
comment: (x isInterpretantInPerception y) == y is a perception where x acts as the interpretant, i.e., the third element

isTelosInPlanning
type: ObjectProperty
range: Planning
sub property of: isTelosIn
sub property of: isSignInPerception
comment: (x isTelosInPlanning y) == y is a telesis carried out in advance of potentially undertaking an action, where x acts as the telos (initial guiding objective), i.e., the first element

isSituationInPlanning
type: ObjectProperty
range: Planning
sub property of: isObjectInTelesis
sub property of: isPerceivedIn
comment: (x isSituationInPlanning y) == y is a telesis carried out in advance of potentially undertaking an action, where x is the perceived present situation, i.e., the second element, against which the telos is evaluated

isResolutionInPlanning
type: ObjectProperty
range: Planning
sub property of: isResolutionInTelesis
sub property of: isInterpretantInPerception
comment: (x isResolutionInPlanning y) == y is a telesis carried out in advance of potentially undertaking an action, where x is the planning outcome, i.e., the third element

isSelectionInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Selection
sub property of: isInformationProcessingInputIn
comment: (x isSelectionInputIn y) == y is a selection where x is the input (initially given information), i.e., the first element; n.b., in a selection, the output needs to be constitutive of the input

isObjectInSelection
type: ObjectProperty
range: Selection
sub property of: isObjectInInformationProcessing
comment: (x isObjectInSelection y) == y is a selection where x is the object that the input and the output both represent, i.e., the second element

isSelectionOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Selection
sub property of: isInformationProcessingOutputIn
comment: (x isSelectionOutputIn y) == y is a selection where x is the output (retained information), i.e., the third element; n.b., in a selection, the output needs to be constitutive of the input

isSelectionConditionIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Proposition
range: Selection
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (x isSelectionConditionIn y) == in the selection process y, the condition x controls what constitutive element(s) of the input are retained as part of the output

isOldReferentIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: SemanticChange
sub property of: isFirstElementIn
sub property of: isReferentIn
comment: (x isOldReferentIn y) == y is a semantic change where x acts as the old referent, i.e., the first element

changesReferentIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: SemanticChange
sub property of: isSecondElementIn
sub property of: isRepresentamenIn
comment: (x changesReferentIn y) == y is a semantic change where x acts as the representamen, i.e., the second element

isNewReferentIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: SemanticChange
sub property of: isThirdElementIn
sub property of: isReferentIn
comment: (x isNewReferentIn y) == y is a semantic change where x acts as the new referent, i.e., the third element

isSignIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Semiosis
sub property of: isFirstElementIn
sub property of: isRepresentamenIn
comment: (x isSignIn y) == y is a semiosis where x acts as the sign, i.e., the first element

isObjectIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Semiosis
sub property of: isSecondElementIn
sub property of: isReferentIn
comment: (x isObjectIn y) == y is a semiosis where x acts as the object, i.e., the second element

isInterpretantIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Semiosis
sub property of: isThirdElementIn
sub property of: isRepresentamenIn
comment: (x isInterpretantIn y) == y is a semiosis where x acts as the interpretant, i.e., the third element

isSimulationInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Simulation
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation
comment: (x isSimulationInputIn y) == y is a simulation where x is the simulation input (model, etc.), i.e., the first element

isSimulatedIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Simulation
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation
comment: (x isSimulatedIn y) == y is a simulation where x acts as the simulated object (system, substance, process, or similar), i.e., the second element

isSimulationOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Simulation
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation
comment: (x isSimulationOutputIn y) == y is a simulation where x is the simulation output (computed property, higher-level model, or similar), i.e., the third element

isTelosInSteering
type: ObjectProperty
range: Steering
sub property of: isTelosIn
sub property of: isSignInPerception
comment: (x isTelosInSteering y) == y is a steering operation (reflection in actu) where x acts as the telos (initial guiding objective), i.e., the first element

isActionInSteering
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Action
range: Steering
sub property of: isObjectInTelesis
sub property of: isPerceivedIn
sub property of:
  inverse of: isProperParticipantIn
comment: (x isActionInSteering y) == y is a steering operation (reflection in actu) where x is an ongoing action, i.e., the second element, against which the telos is evaluated

isResolutionInSteering
type: ObjectProperty
range: Steering
sub property of: isResolutionInTelesis
sub property of: isInterpretantInPerception
comment: (x isResolutionInSteering y) == y is a steering operation (reflection in actu) where x is the resolution, i.e., the third element

isOldReferentInSynecdoche
type: ObjectProperty
range: Synecdoche
sub property of: isOldReferentInMetonymization
comment: (x isOldReferentInSynecdoche y) == y is a synecdoche where x acts as the old referent, i.e., the first element; the old and the new referent need to have a causal connection (n.b., the mereological relation in terms of proper parthood as such is insufficient)

changesReferentInSynecdoche
type: ObjectProperty
range: Synecdoche
sub property of: changesReferentInMetonymization
comment: (x changesReferentInSynecdoche y) == y is a synecdoche where x acts as the representamen, i.e., the second element

isNewReferentInSynecdoche
type: ObjectProperty
range: Synecdoche
sub property of: isNewReferentInMetonymization
comment: (x isNewReferentInSynecdoche y) == y is a synecdoche where x acts as the new referent, i.e., the third element; the old and the new referent need to have a causal connection (n.b., the mereological relation in terms of proper parthood as such is insufficient)

isTelosIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Intention
range: Telesis
sub property of: isSignIn
comment: (x isTelosIn y) == y is a telesis where x acts as the telos (initial guiding objective), i.e., the first element

isObjectInTelesis
type: ObjectProperty
range: Telesis
sub property of: isObjectIn
comment: (x isObjectInTelesis y) == y is a telesis where x acts as the object (action, claim, or situation against which an objective is evaluated), i.e., the second element

isResolutionInTelesis
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Intention
range: Telesis
sub property of: isInterpretantIn
comment: (x isResolutionInTelesis y) == y is a telesis where x acts as the resolution (a plan, revised objective, or other comparable sort of evaluation outcome), i.e., the third element

isFirstElementIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \dot{E}
range: TriadicCognition
sub property of: isRepresentationalElementIn
comment: (x isFirstElementIn y) means that x acts as the first element in y, which is a triadic cognition
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isTriadOf

isSecondElementIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot{E}
range: TriadicCognition
sub property of: isRepresentationalElementIn
comment: (x isSecondElementIn y) means that x acts as the second element in y, which is a triadic cognition
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isTriadOf

isThirdElementIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \dddot{E}
range: TriadicCognition
sub property of: isRepresentationalElementIn
comment: (x isThirdElementIn y) means that x acts as the third element in y, which is a triadic cognition
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isTriadOf

isSituationInUndertaking
type: ObjectProperty
range: Undertaking
sub property of: isOldReferentInMetonymization
comment: (x isSituationInUndertaking y) == y is an undertaking wherein x is the pre-existing situation, i.e., the first element

isResolutionInUndertaking
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Intention
range: Undertaking
sub property of: changesReferentInMetonymization
comment: (x isResolutionInUndertaking y) == y is an undertaking where x is the resolution (obtained from a previous telesis), i.e., the second element

isActionInUndertaking
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Action
range: Undertaking
sub property of: isNewReferentInMetonymization
sub property of:
  inverse of: temporallyPrecedes
comment: (x isActionInUndertaking y) == y is an undertaking where x is the action that is undertaken, i.e., the third element

Validation
type: ObjectProperty
range: Validation
sub property of: isTelosInEvaluation
comment: (x isTelosInValidation y) means that y is a validation where x acts as the telos (initial guiding objective), i.e., the first element

isEvaluatedIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CognitiveAction
range: Validation
sub property of: isEvaluatedIn
comment: (x isValidatedIn y) means that y is a validation where x is the cognitive action undergoing validation, i.e., the second element

isValidationOutcomeIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ValidityClaim
range: Validation
sub property of: isEvaluationOutcomeIn
comment: (x isValidationOutcomeIn y) means that x is the validity claim, i.e., the third element, obtained as an interpretant from the validation y

isVisualizationInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Visualization
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation
comment: (x isVisualizationInputIn y) == y is a visualization process where x is the input (a pre-existing representamen for the visualized object, e.g., a simulation result), i.e., the first element

isVisualizedObjectIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Visualization
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation
comment: (x isVisualizedObjectIn y) == y is a visualization process wherein x is the visualized object, i.e., the second element

isVisualizationOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Visualization
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation
comment: (x isVisualizationOutputIn y) == y is a visualization where x is the visualization output, i.e., the third element

isOldReferentInWholeToPart
type: ObjectProperty
range: WholeToPart
sub property of: isOldReferentInSynecdoche
comment: (x isOldReferentInWholeToPart y) == y is a whole-to-part synecdoche where x acts as the old referent (the whole), i.e., the first element

changesReferentInWholeToPart
type: ObjectProperty
range: WholeToPart
sub property of: changesReferentInSynecdoche
comment: (x changesReferentInWholeToPart y) == y is a whole-to-part synecdoche where x acts as the representamen, i.e., the second element

isNewReferentInWholeToPart
type: ObjectProperty
range: WholeToPart
sub property of: isNewReferentInSynecdoche
comment: (x isNewReferentInWholeToPart y) == y is a whole-to-part synecdoche where x acts as the new referent (the part), i.e., the third element

articulates
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \lhd_a
domain: Articulation
range: Proposition
sub property of: isSemioticMemberOf
comment: (x articulates y) means that x is a semiotic member of the proposition y, giving a literal or non-literal (e.g., spoken) expression to its propositional content; n.b., x may also express other propositions beside y

articulatesLiterally
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CollectiveLiteral
range: Proposition
sub property of: articulates
comment: (x articulatesLiterally y) means that x is a collective literal expressing the proposition y, and possibly additional propositions beside y

articulatesNonliterally
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Articulation
domain:
  complement of: CollectiveLiteral
range: Proposition
sub property of: articulates
comment: (x articulatesNonliterally y) means that x is a collective non-literal expression (e.g., an utterance) of proposition y, and possibly additional propositions beside y

directlyGrounds
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \hookrightarrow
domain:
  union of: TriadicCognition
  union of: Presupposition
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: directlyPrecedesCognitiveStep
sub property of: logicallyPrecedes
property chain axiom: isGroundingStepIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isGroundedStepIn
comment: (x directlyGrounds y) == x is the cognitive step (or basic ground) that directly precedes y logically, such that a dyadic representation relation from y is taken over from x (or assumed to be grounded a priori due to x)

directlyPrecedesByRupture
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CognitiveStep
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: directlyPrecedesCognitiveStep
comment: (x directlyPrecedesByRupture y) == x is the cognitive step that directly precedes y logically (and typically, y takes over a dyadic representation relation from x), but either x or y constitutes a cognitive rupture, i.e., it interrupts the chain of grounding

directlyPrecedesCognitiveStep
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directlyPrecedesStep
comment: (x directlyPrecedesCognitiveStep y) == x is the cognitive step (or basic ground) that directly precedes y logically; typically, this means that y takes over a dyadic representation relation from x

hasCausalConnectionWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
alternative label: \dot{C}^\star
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
property chain axiom: isOldReferentInMetonymization
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isNewReferentInMetonymization
property chain axiom: isNewReferentInMetonymization
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isOldReferentInMetonymization
comment: 'Real causal connection' relation following Peirce, here, given by the transitive closure of 'hasDirectCausalConnectionWith'
scope note: this is to be understood broadly, as in Peirce, and can be a very indirect connection; here, this is relevant as follows: a) in a grounded cognition, there are only dyadic representation relations between representamina and their referents that have a real causal connection with each other; b) in a metonymization, there must be a real causal connection between the old and the new referent

hasDirectCausalConnectionWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
alternative label: \dot{C}
sub property of: hasCausalConnectionWith
comment: Direct causal connection (in a broad sense)
scope note: in particular, x and y are directly causally connected if (x isParticipantIn y), or if x and y are both steps in a process where x directly precedes y; however, spatiotemporal parthood is not enough to justify causal connectedness - x must actually play a role in bringing about y, or vice versa

hasNegation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RelationalIRI
range: RelationalIRI
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x hasNegation y) means that x and y are IRIs that can possibly occur in the predicate (middle) position of a triple, and that y is 'not x'; n.b., this is not a symmetrical relation, since 'not not x' is syntactically different from x

hasRepresentamen
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: R^-
sub property of: msHRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPHR
sub property of: msHRIRHR
inverse of: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: isReferentIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isRepresentamenIn
comment: Dyadic representation relation; (x hasRepresentamen y) means that there is a cognitive step z such that (x isReferentIn z) and (y isRepresentamenIn z)

isAdmissibleUnitFor
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MeasurementUnit
range: Variable
sub property of: msHPIPIR
comment: (x isAdmissibleUnitFor y) means that x is a unit that can be associated with the variable y; subsumption under msHPIPIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is a description of admissible values of y) of which x is constitutive (and with which x hence overlaps)

isAdmissibleValueFor
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Value
range: Term
sub property of: msIPIRIR
comment: (x isAdmissibleValueFor y) means that y is a term that could in principle evaluate to the value x; subsumption under msIPIRIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the term y (where z is the range of admissible values of y), for which in turn there is another sign z' (where z' lists members of z, explicitly including x) of which x is a part

isAntecedentWithin
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Proposition
range: Rule
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isAntecedentWithin y) means that x is the antecedent from the rule y

isAssertedBy
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: B
domain: Claim
range: Interlocutor
sub property of: isExpressedBy
property chain axiom: isAssertedIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isSpeakerIn
comment: (x isAssertedBy y) means that x is a claim that is affirmatively expressed/stated/uttered by the interlocutor y

isAssertedIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Claim
range: ExpressiveAct
sub property of: isExpressedIn
comment: (x isAssertedIn y) means that x is a claim that is affirmatively expressed/stated/uttered in the expressive act y (by its speaker)

isAssessmentFor
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Assessment
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isGroundFor
comment: (g isAssessmentFor y) means that g is a ground for the cognitive step y, explaining how y is grounded in a way that provides a proposition on its validity, accuracy, and/or reliability, relating it to that of the previous step that directly grounds y

isAssignmentFor
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \hat{A}_D
domain: Assignment
sub property of: isAbout
comment: (d isAssignmentFor o) means that d: x = y is an assignment that refers to o
example: e.g., x may be thermodynamic temperature, y may be a temperature value, and o may be an object of which the temperature has been measured

isCausallyDisconnectedFrom
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
comment: (x isCausallyDisconnectedFrom y) means that between x and y there is no 'real causal connection' in the Peircean sense; therefore, x and y cannot be the old and new referents in a metonymization; similarly, x cannot act as a representamen for y in a grounded cognition (if it does, then the cognition is not grounded)

isClaimOf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Claim
range: IntelligentAgent
sub property of: overlapsWith
comment: (x isClaimOf y) means that the x is a proposition that has some kind of belief-like or knowledge-like epistemic status for the intelligent agent y
scope note: the agent y explicitly stores x, hence requiring spatiotemporal overlap between x and y

isCognitiveSubstepOf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CognitiveStep
range: CognitiveStep
range: CognitiveChain
sub property of: isStepInCognitiveChain
comment: In certain cases, multiple cognitive steps can be combined to yield one; e.g., the substep a: s - o - s' and the substep b: s' - o - s'' can be combined to yield a single triad, (a o b) = c: s - o - s''; in that case, c can be an element of a higher-order cognitive chain (of which it is a step), and a and b are its cognitive substeps

isConsequentWithin
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Proposition
range: Rule
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isConsequentWithin y) means that x is a consequent from the rule y

isConstitutiveOf
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot{C}
sub property of: hasDirectCausalConnectionWith
sub property of: overlapsWith
sub property of: underlies
property chain axiom: isSelectionOutputIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isSelectionInputIn
property chain axiom: isAccumulationInputIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAccumulationOutputIn
property chain axiom: isIncludedInAccumulation
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAccumulationOutputIn
comment: (x isConstitutiveOf y) means that, by virtue of an interaction requiring spatiotemporal overlap, x contributes causally to y fulfilling a certain function, exhibiting certain properties, or relating to other objects in the way it does, thereby creating a direct causal connection between x and y

isExpressedBy
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \dot{B}
range: Interlocutor
sub property of: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: isExpressedIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isSpeakerIn
comment: (x isExpressedBy y) means that x is expressed/stated/uttered by the interlocutor y; n.b., this does not necessarily mean that y affirms x (for that, use the subproperty isAssertedBy)

isExpressedIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: ExpressiveAct
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition
comment: (x isExpressedIn y) means that x is expressed/stated/uttered in the expressive act y (by its speaker), possibly but not necessarily in an affirmative way

isFirstInDyad
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \dot{E}_D
domain: Conventional
range: Dyad
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isFirstInDyad d) means that x is the first element of the dyad d

isGroundFor
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot{R}
domain: Ground
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isAbout
property chain axiom: isGroundingPropositionIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isGroundedStepIn
property chain axiom: groundsPresentStepIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isPresentStepInGrounding
comment: (g isGroundFor y) means that g is a representamen for the cognitive step y, explaining how y is grounded
scope note: for g isGroundFor y, where x grounds y, there is a grounding metonymization where x is the old referent and y is the new referent of g

isHeldBy
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Claim
range: KnowledgeBase
sub property of: isAssertedBy
comment: (x isHeldBy y) means that the claim x is consistently asserted by the knowledge base y whenever it is queried about it; if y extends significantly through time and changes opinion about x (i.e., it does not assert it consistently over the whole time), it cannot be said to hold x as a claim, merely to assert it; in this case, it may be advisable to define a (temporal) part y' of y which can then be said to hold x as a claim

isJustificationFor
type: ObjectProperty
domain: GroundingChain
range: GroundedCognition
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (x isJustificationFor y) means that x is a grounding chain that provides epsitemic grounding for the cognition y, which thereby becomes a grounded cognition

isLeftHandSideIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \dot{E}_=
domain: Term
range: EqualityArticulation
sub property of: isFirstInDyad
comment: (x isLeftHandSideIn a) mans that a: x = y is an equality articulation with the term x as its left-hand side

isMagnitudeOf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Number
range: Value
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isMagnitudeOf y) means that x is the numerical magnitude of y, e.g., in 200 kPa, x would be 200

isMemberOfPlurality
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \lhd_p
domain:
  complement of:
    union of: Plurality
    union of: Structure
range: Plurality
sub property of: isSemioticMemberOf
comment: (x isMemberOfPlurality y) means that x is a semiotic member of the plurality y, and that it participates in semiosis in the same way as its co-members x', x'', ... of the plurality y

isMemberOfStructure
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \prec
domain:
  complement of: Structure
range: Structure
sub property of: isSemioticMemberOf
comment: (x isMemberOfStructure y) means that x is a semiotic member of the structure y, and that it participates in semiosis differently from all of its co-members x', x'', ... of the structure y

isMereologicallyConstitutiveOf
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isConstitutiveOf
sub property of: isProperPartOf
comment: (x isMereologicallyConstitutiveOf y) means that x is constitutive of y by virtue of the way in which it is a proper part of y in 4D spacetime, e.g., as a necessary component of an item that was designed for a certain purpose

isNameFor
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Name
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (x isNameFor y), to be applied in the frequent special case where x is represented by a name for x, i.e., where social convention has established y as a rigid designator for x

isObjectWithinTriple
type: ObjectProperty
domain:
  union of: IndividualIRI
  union of: ConceptualIRI
range: Triple
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isObjectWithinTriple y) means that y is a subject-predicate-object triple wherein x is the IRI of the object

isParticipantInCognition
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot{P}_\kappa
range: Cognition
sub property of: isParticipantIn
comment: (x isParticipantInCognition y) means that y is a cognition in which x is necessarily physically present and plays one of the roles characteristic for participation in a cognitive process as formalized by this ontology; this includes participation as a representamen, as a perceived object, as a step of a cognitive chain, or as an interpreter

isPredicateWithinTriple
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RelationalIRI
range: Triple
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isPredicateWithinTriple y) means that y is a subject-predicate-object triple wherein x is the IRI of the predicate

isReferenceFrameFor
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \dddot{R}
sub property of: sharesReferentWith
comment: (s isReferenceFrameFor s') means that s is a representamen that provides relevant context, such as presuppositions or preconditions, to the representamen s'

isRepresentamenFor
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPIR
sub property of: msHRIRHR
inverse of: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isReferentIn
property chain axiom: isIncludedInAccumulation
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isObjectInAccumulation
property chain axiom: isGroundingPropositionIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isGroundingStepIn
property chain axiom: groundsNextStepIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isPresentStepInGrounding
comment: Dyadic representation relation; (x isRepresentamenFor y) means that there is a cognitive step z such that (x isRepresentamenIn z) and (y isReferentIn z)

isRightHandSideIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot{E}_=
domain: Term
range: EqualityArticulation
sub property of: isSecondInDyad
comment: (y isRightHandSideIn a) mans that a: x = y is an equality articulation with the term y as its right-hand side

isSecondInDyad
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot{E}_D
domain: Conventional
range: Dyad
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (y isSecondInDyad d) means that y is the second element of the dyad d

isSemioticMemberOf
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot\leq
domain:
  complement of: Plurality
range: SemioticCollective
sub property of: isMemberOf
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isSemioticMemberOf y) means that x acts as a representamen or as a referent jointly with other co-members of the same semiotic collective y

isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \v{C}
range: Restriction
  on property: isRepresentamenFor
  some values from: Object
sub property of: isConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf y) means that the evaluation or association with x plays a role in the way in which y functions as a representamen - n.b, this does not entail physical parthood; e.g., if 'q = 2f(p)' is given, the expression 'f(p) = ... (some term involving q)' may be seen as semiotically constituive of the first expression, precisely because it contains the right-hand side that was missing

isStepInCognitiveChain
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CognitiveStep
domain: CognitiveChain
sub property of: isStepIn
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition
comment: (x isStepInCognitiveChain y) means that y is a cognitive chain that consists of multiple logically connected cognitive steps (following Peirce, these are typically triads, i.e., semioses and semantic changes), and that x is one of these steps

isSubjectWithinTriple
type: ObjectProperty
domain: IndividualIRI
range: Triple
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isSubjectWithinTriple y) means that y is a subject-predicate-object triple wherein x is the IRI of the subject

isUnitOf
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \v{C}_u
domain: MeasurementUnit
range: Value
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isUnitOf y) means that x is the unit of y, e.g., in 200 kPa, x would be kPa

isValueInAssignment
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot{D}
domain: Value
range: Assignment
sub property of: isRightHandSideIn
comment: (y isValueInAssignment a) mans that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x

isVariableInAssignment
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \dot{D}
domain: Variable
range: Assignment
sub property of: isLeftHandSideIn
comment: (x isVariableInAssignment a) mans that a: x = y is an assignment where a value y is assigned to the variable x

logicallyPrecedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
alternative label: \hookrightarrow^+
domain: Cognition
range: Cognition
sub property of: precedesStep
comment: (x logicallyPrecedes y) means that x and y are cognitive steps that are connected by a cognitive chain, leading from x and y, that does not contain a cognitive rupture
scope note: 'logicallyPrecedes' is the transitive closure of 'directlyGrounds'

providesJustification
type: ObjectProperty
range: GroundingChain
sub property of: affirmsCognition
comment: (x providesJustification y) means that x is about some cognition z, providing a justification of it by referring to y, i.e., a grounding chain that establishes the epistemic status of z; thereby, x does not only affirm z, but also its grounding chain y

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain:
  complement of: SemioticCollective
range: Articulation
sub property of: isSemioticMemberOf
comment: (x realizes y) means that x, which is not a semiotic collective, is a literal or non-literal realization of the expression y

sharesReferentWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: msIRHRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPIRHR
comment: (X sharesReferentWith Z) == there is a Y such that both X and Z isRepresentamenFor Y

sharesRepresentamenWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: msHRIRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPHRIR
comment: (X sharesRepresentamenWith Z) == there is a Y such that Y isRepresentamenFor both X and Z

underlies
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: hasCausalConnectionWith
comment: the relation 'underlies' is the transitive closure of the relation 'isConstitutiveOf'

msIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIR
sub property of: msIPIRHPIP
inverse of: msHRHP
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (X msIP Z) == isProperPartOf o isRepresentamenFor == there is a Y such that (X isProperPartOf Y) and (Y isRepresentamenFor Z)

msIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHR
sub property of: msIPHRHPIP
inverse of: msIRHP
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: (X msIPHR Z) == isProperPartOf o hasRepresentamen == there is a Y such that (X isProperPartOf Y) and (Z isRepresentamenFor Y)

msHPIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIR
sub property of: msHPIRHPIP
inverse of: msHRIP
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (X msHPIR Z) == hasProperPart o isRepresentamenFor == there is a Y such that (Y isProperPartOf X) and (Y is RepresentamenFor Z)

msHPHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHR
sub property of: msHPHRHPIP
inverse of: msIRIP
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: (X msHPHR Z) == hasProperPart o hasRepresentamen == there is a Y such that (Y isProperPartOf X) and (Z isRepresentamenFor Y)

msIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPIRIP
inverse of: msHPHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
comment: (X msIRIP Z) == isRepresentamenFor o isProperPartOf == there is a Y such that (X isRepresentamenFor Y) and (Y isProperPartOf Z)

msIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPIRHP
inverse of: msIPHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
comment: (X msIRHP Z) == isRepresentamenFor o hasProperPart == there is a Y such that (X isRepresentamenFor Y) and (Z isProperPartOf Y)

msHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPHRIP
inverse of: msHPIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
comment: (X msHRIP Z) == hasRepresentamen o isProperPartOf == there is a Y such that (Y isRepresentamenFor X) and (Y isProperPartOf Z)

msHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPHRHP
inverse of: msIPIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
comment: (X msHRHP Z) == hasRepresentamen o hasProperPart == there is a Y such that (Y isRepresentamenFor X) and (Z isProperPartOf Y)

msIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIRIR
sub property of: msIRIRHPIP
inverse of: msHRHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (X msIRIR Z) == (isRepresentamenFor)^2 == there is a Y such that (X isRepresentamenFor Y) and (Y isRepresentamenFor Z)

msHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHRHR
sub property of: msHRHRHPIP
inverse of: msIRIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: (X msHRHR Z) == (hasRepresentamen)^2 == there is a Y such that (Y isRepresentamenFor X) and (Z isRepresentamenFor Y)

msHPIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (X msHPIPIR Z) == hasProperPart o isProperPartOf o isRepresentamenFor == there is a Y such that (X overlapsWith Y) and (Y isRepresentamenFor Z)

msHPIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: (X msHPIPHR Z) == hasProperPart o isProperPartOf o hasRepresentamen == there is a Y such that (X overlapsWith Y) and (Z isRepresentamenFor Y)

msIPIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIRIP
sub property of: msIPIRHPIP
inverse of: msHPHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
comment: chain relation msIPIR o isProperPartOf

msIPIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIRHP
sub property of: msIPIRHPIP
inverse of: msIPHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
comment: chain relation msIPIR o hasProperPart

msIPHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHRIP
sub property of: msIPHRHPIP
inverse of: msIPIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
comment: chain relation msIPHR o isProperPartOf

msIPHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHRHP
sub property of: msIPHRHPIP
inverse of: msIPIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
comment: chain relation msIPHR o hasProperPart

msHPIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIRIP
sub property of: msHPIRHPIP
inverse of: msHPHRIP
property chain axiom: msHPIR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
comment: chain relation msHPIR o isProperPartOf

msIPIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIRHP
sub property of: msHPIRHPIP
inverse of: msIPHRIP
property chain axiom: msHPIR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
comment: chain relation msHPIR o hasProperPart

msHPHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHRIP
sub property of: msHPHRHPIP
inverse of: msHPIRIP
property chain axiom: msHPHR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
comment: chain relation msHPHR o hasProperPart

msHPHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHRHP
sub property of: msHPHRHPIP
inverse of: msIPIRIP
property chain axiom: msHPHR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
comment: chain relation msHPHR o hasProperPart

msIPIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIRIR
inverse of: msHRHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: chain relation msIPIR o isRepresentamenFor

msIPIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIRHR
inverse of: msIRHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
comment: chain relation isProperPartOf o sharesReferentWith

msIPHRIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHRIR
inverse of: msHRIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
comment: chain relation isProperPartOf o sharesRepresentamenWith

msIPHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHRHR
inverse of: msIRIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: chain relation msIPHR o hasRepresentamen

msHPIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIRIR
inverse of: msHRHRIP
property chain axiom: msHPIR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: chain relation msHPIR o isRepresentamenFor

msHPIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPIRHR
inverse of: msIRHRIP
property chain axiom: msHPIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
comment: chain relation hasProperPart o sharesReferentWith

msHPHRIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHRIR
inverse of: msHRIRIP
property chain axiom: msHPHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
comment: chain relation hasProperPart o sharesRepresentamenWith

msHPHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHPIPHRHR
inverse of: msIRIRIP
property chain axiom: msHPHR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: chain relation msHPHR o hasRepresentamen

msIRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPHR
property chain axiom: msIRHP
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: (X msIRHPIP Z) == isRepresentamenFor o hasProperPart o isProperPartOf == there is a Y such that (X isRepresentamenFor Y) and (Y overlapsWith Z)

msHRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPIR
property chain axiom: msHRHP
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: (X msHRHPIP Z) == hasRepresentamen o hasProperPart o isProperPartOf == there is a Y such that (Y isRepresentamenFor X) and (Y overlapsWith Z)

msIRIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRHPIPIR
inverse of: msHRHPHR
property chain axiom: msIRIP
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: chain relation msIRIP o isRepresentamenFor

msIRIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRHPIPHR
inverse of: msIRHPHR
property chain axiom: msIRIP
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: chain relation msIRIP o hasRepresentamen

msIRHPIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRHPIPIR
inverse of: msHRIPHR
property chain axiom: msIRHP
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: chain relation msIRHP o isRepresentamenFor

msIRHPHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRHPIPHR
inverse of: msIRIPHR
property chain axiom: msIRHP
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: chain relation msIRHP o hasRepresentamen

msHRIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHRHPIPIR
inverse of: msHRHPIR
property chain axiom: msHRIP
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: chain relation msHRIP o isRepresentamenFor

msHRIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHRHPIPHR
inverse of: msIRHPIR
property chain axiom: msHRIP
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: chain relation msHRIP o hasRepresentamen

msHRHPIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHRHPIPIR
inverse of: msHRIPIR
property chain axiom: msHRHP
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: chain relation msHRHP o isRepresentamenFor

msHRHPHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHRHPIPHR
inverse of: msIRIPIR
property chain axiom: msHRHP
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: chain relation msHRHP o hasRepresentamen

msIRIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRIRHPIP
inverse of: msHPHRHR
property chain axiom: msIRIR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
comment: chain relation msIRIR o isProperPartOf

msIRIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRIRHPIP
inverse of: msIPHRHR
property chain axiom: msIRIR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
comment: chain relation msIRIR o hasProperPart

msIRHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRHRHPIP
inverse of: msHPIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
comment: chain relation sharesReferentWith o isProperPartOf

msIRHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msIRHRHPIP
inverse of: msIPIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
comment: chain relation sharesReferentWith o hasProperPart

msHRIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHRIRHPIP
inverse of: msHPHRIR
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
comment: chain relation sharesRepresentamenWith o isProperPartOf

msHRIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHRIRHPIP
inverse of: msIPHRIR
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
comment: chain relation sharesRepresentamenWith o hasProperPart

msHRHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHRHRHPIP
inverse of: msHPIRIR
property chain axiom: msHRHR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
comment: chain relation msHRHR o isProperPartOf

msHRHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: msHRHRHPIP
inverse of: msIPIRIR
property chain axiom: msHRHR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
comment: chain relation msHRHR o hasProperPart

msIRIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRHRHR
property chain axiom: msIRIR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: chain relation msIRIR o isRepresentamenFor

msIRIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRHRHR
property chain axiom: msIRIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
comment: chain relation isRepresentamenFor o sharesReferentWith

msHRIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
comment: chain relation sharesReferentWith o isRepresentamenFor

msIRHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: chain relation sharesReferentWith o hasRepresentamen

msHRIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRHRIR
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: chain relation sharesRepresentamenWith o isRepresentamenFor

msHRIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
comment: chain relation hasRepresentamen o sharesReferentWith

msHRHRIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRIRIR
property chain axiom: msHRHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
comment: chain relation hasRepresentamen o sharesRepresentamenWith

msHRHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRIRIR
property chain axiom: msHRHR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: chain relation msHRHR o hasRepresentamen

msHPIPIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPHRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msIRIP
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msIRIP

msHPIPIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIPHRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msIRHP
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msIRHP

msHPIPIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRHRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msIRIR
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msIRIR

msHPIPIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRHRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o sharesReferentWith

msHPIPHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msHRIP
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msHRIP

msHPIPHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIPIRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msHRHP
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msHRHP

msHPIPHRIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRIRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o sharesRepresentamenWith

msHPIPHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRIRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msHRHR
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msHRHR

msIPIRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: chain relation msIPIR o overlapsWith

msIPHRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: chain relation msIPHR o overlapsWith

msHPIRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPHRIP
property chain axiom: msHPIR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: chain relation msHPIR o overlapsWith

msHPHRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPIRIP
property chain axiom: msHPHR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: chain relation msHPHR o overlapsWith

msIRHPIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRHPIPHR
property chain axiom: msIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: chain relation msIRHP o msIPIR

msIRHPIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
property chain axiom: msIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
comment: chain relation msIRHP o msIPHR

msHRHPIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
property chain axiom: msHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
comment: chain relation msHRHP o msIPIR

msHRHPIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRHPIPIR
property chain axiom: msHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: chain relation msHRHP o msIPHR

msIRIRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPHRHR
property chain axiom: msIRIR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: chain relation msIRIR o overlapsWith

msIRHRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: chain relation sharesReferentWith o overlapsWith

msHRIRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPHRIR
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: chain relation sharesRepresentamenWith o overlapsWith

msHRHRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPIRIR
property chain axiom: msHRHR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
comment: chain relation msHRHR o overlapsWith

Action
type: Class
subclass of: Process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAgentIn
  some values from: Agent
comment: Action, i.e., a process that is conducted/undertaken by an agent - the action has exactly one agent

Agent
type: Class
subclass of: Object
comment: Agent, i.e., an object that interacts with its surroundings by a) perceiving and b) doing, i.e., an object that carries out actions, including perceptive actions

CognitiveAction
type: Class
subclass of: Cognition
subclass of: Action
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInterpreterIn
  some values from: Agent
intersection of: Cognition
intersection of: Action
comment: Cognitive action, i.e., a cognition that is conducted/undertaken by an agent; the agent of a cognitive action is called its interpreter

CognitiveWorkflow
type: Class
subclass of: CognitiveAction
subclass of: CognitiveChain
subclass of: PurposefulAction
intersection of: CognitiveChain
intersection of: PurposefulAction
comment: Cognitive workflow, i.e., a purposefully conducted cognitive chain

Communication
type: Class
subclass of: Cognition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInterlocutorIn
  min cardinality: 2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isParticipantIn
  some values from: ExpressiveAct
comment: Communication, i.e., a cognitive process wherein multiple interlocutors engage in an exchange with another; a communication involves at least one expressive act (with a well defined role, i.e. in terms of participation)

ExpressiveAct
type: Class
subclass of: Communication
subclass of: CognitiveAction
subclass of: PurposefulAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSpeakerIn
  some values from: Interlocutor
comment: Expressive act, i.e., a purposeful communication (e.g., a speech act or an analogous digital act of communicating) issued by its agent, the speaker (understood in a generalized sense, i.e., not limited to speech) - the purpose of the action consists of its illocutionary and perlocutionary intent

GoalDirectedAgent
type: Class
subclass of: IntelligentAgent
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGoalFor
  some values from: Intention
comment: 'Goal-directed agents are intelligent agents that have an internal representation of the goals they [tend to] achieve' (Conte, doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1800-9_158, 2009)
scope note: Goal-directedness requires an explicit internal representation of intentions/objectives/goals of the agent; that is what distinguishes it from goal orientation. In PIMS-II, goal orientation is denoted by the relation isGoalOf (which does not require an internal mental representation of the goal), whereas conscious goal directedness is denoted by the relation isGoalFor.

GoalOrientedAgent
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGoalOf
  some values from: Intention
comment: Goal-oriented agent, i.e., an agent that exhibits the tendency 'to achieve a certain state of the world' (Conte, doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1800-9_158, 2009)
scope note: A goal of a goal-oriented agent is a descriptor/representamen for that state of the world, and it is also a descriptor/representament for the agent itself. Goal orientation can emerge by a multitude of mechanisms, including natural selection. It does *not* require the agent to be consciously aware of its goals. In PIMS-II, goal orientation is denoted by the relation isGoalOf (which does not require an internal mental representation of the goal), whereas conscious goal directedness is denoted by the relation isGoalFor.

IntelligentAgent
type: Class
subclass of: GoalOrientedAgent
comment: Intelligent agent, i.e., a goal-oriented agent that can internally make/hold claims (knowledge, beliefs, etc.). This requires the agent to have some kind of internal representation of its surroundings, and to store and process information about its surroundings. (Note that this does not require the agent to be queryable for its claims; for that purpose, use KnowledgeBase.)

Intention
type: Class
subclass of: Proposition
comment: Intention, i.e., a proposition that constitutes an aim or goal

Interlocutor
type: Class
alternative label: IO
subclass of: Agent
comment: Interlocutor, i.e., an agent that can be addressed and is capable of addressing others in a communication process

KnowledgeBasedAgent
type: Class
subclass of: IntelligentAgent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMereologicallyConstitutiveOf
  some values from: KnowledgeBase
comment: Knowledge-based agent, i.e., an intelligent agent that uses a knowledge base to store and process its opinions/claims/worldview

OptimizationProblem
type: Class
subclass of: Intention
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isDesignParameterWithin
  some values from: Conventional
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOptimizationObjectiveWithin
  some values from: Conventional
comment: Optimization problem, i.e., an intention expressed or expressible in terms of one or multiple objectives (objective space) and one or multiple design parameters (parameter space)

PurposefulAction
type: Class
subclass of: Action
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAgentIn
  all values from: GoalDirectedAgent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAimIn
  some values from: Intention
comment: Purposeful action, i.e., an action carried out with an aim of which its agent (hence, a goal-directed agent) is aware

RationalAgent
type: Class
subclass of: IntelligentAgent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGoalOf
  some values from: OptimizationProblem
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isPerformanceMeasureOf
  some values from: Property
comment: A rational agent is an intelligent agent that exhibits rationality, i.e., a tendency toward maximizing a quantity: The performance measure of the agent.
scope note: Similar as in the case of goal-orientation, rationality does *not* require the agent to be aware of its performance measure.

describesMethodAppliedIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \v{R}
domain: Articulation
domain: Restriction
  on property: describesMethodEmployedBy
  some values from: Agent
range: Action
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (x describesMethodAppliedIn y) means that x describes y in terms of the method that is employed

describesMethodEmployedBy
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Articulation
domain: Restriction
  on property: isRepresentamenFor
  some values from: Object
range: Agent
sub property of: msIRHPIP
property chain axiom: describesMethodAppliedIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAgentIn
comment: (x describesMethodEmployedBy y) means that the agent y follows a methodology described by x in carrying out an action

isAgentIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot{P}_a
domain: Agent
range: Action
sub property of: isParticipantIn
comment: (x isAgentIn y) means that x is *the* agent that conducts/undertakes the action y; n.b., an action has exactly one agent (which can be a straightforward item, or a plurality, a structure, or similar)

isAimIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: R_\alpha
domain: Intention
domain: Restriction
  on property: isGoalFor
  some values from: GoalDirectedAgent
range: Action
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: isTelosInSteering
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isActionInSteering
property chain axiom: isResolutionInUndertaking
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isActionInUndertaking
comment: (x isAimIn y) means that y is a purposeful action, and x is one of the aims followed by the agent of y by undertaking y

isGoalFor
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \dot{G}
domain: Intention
range: GoalDirectedAgent
sub property of: overlapsWith
sub property of: isGoalOf
property chain axiom: isAimIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAgentIn
property chain axiom: isTelosInSteering
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAgentIn
property chain axiom: isResolutionInUndertaking
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAgentIn
comment: (x isGoalFor y) means that to the goal-directed agent y, the telos x represents something that is to be reached.
example: In (x isGoalFor y), if the agent x wants to go to Paris, y is not physically the city of Paris as a 4D object, but rather the associated intention, i.e., a mental or textual representation of the agent achieving the objective and reaching Paris.
scope note: A goal is both a representamen for a state of affairs desired by the agent and a representamen for the agent itself.

isGoalOf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Intention
range: GoalOrientedAgent
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (x isGoalOf y) means that y is a goal-oriented agent with the tendency to work toward a state of affairs that is described/represented by y; accordingly, the goal y is also a representamen for the agent itself; this does *not* imply that the agent x is aware of pursuing y as a goal, or that y is somehow included in x as a mental representation - for that purpose, use the relation 'isGoalFor'

isInterpreterIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: CognitiveAction
sub property of: isAgentIn
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition
comment: (x isInterpreterIn y) means that x is the (unique) agent who conducts/undertakes the cognitive action y

isInterlocutorIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Interlocutor
range: Communication
sub property of: isParticipantIn
comment: (x isInterlocutorIn y) means that x engages, jointly with other interlocutors, in the communication y

isListenerIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Interlocutor
range: ExpressiveAct
sub property of: isInterlocutorIn
comment: (x isListenerIn y) means that x is one of the interlocutors listening to the speaker's expressive act y

isPerformanceMeasureOf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Property
range: RationalAgent
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (x isPerformanceMeasureOf y) means that x is the single/unique performance measure of the rational agent y.
scope note: This does not require the agent to be aware of its performance measure or to somehow contain it or an internal representation of it.

isSpeakerIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Interlocutor
range: ExpressiveAct
sub property of: isInterlocutorIn
sub property of: isAgentIn
comment: (x isSpeakerIn y) means that x is (the only) speaker in the expressive act y, where the role of the speaker is to be understood as that of an agent that conducts/undertakes the expressive act, i.e., it is not limited to vocal speech

isTargetPropertyIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \tilde{R}
domain: Property
range: CognitiveAction
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (x isTargetPropertyIn y) means that cognitive action x targets y as the property for which a value is to be determined by observation or by theoretical or computational methods

isToolIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \ddot{P}_\epsilon
range: Action
sub property of: isParticipantIn
comment: (x isToolIn y) means that x is employed by an agent during the action y

AbsoluteLaw
type: Class
subclass of: Law
comment: Absolute law, i.e., a law where the necessary entailment of the consequent(s) by the antecedent is expressed in terms of absolute logical/physical necessity

AbsoluteModalIRI
type: Class
subclass of: ModalIRI
comment: Absolute modal IRI, i.e., the IRI of a relation that is defined by absolute necessity or possibility of another relation. Absolute necessity means 'logical or physical necessity', and absolute possibility means 'logical or physical possibility'. Accordingly, absolute modal relations do not require the specification of a modal context, i.e., the frame of reference for understanding what 'necessity' and 'possibility' mean does not need to be specified.

ContextualIRI
type: Class
subclass of: IRI
disjoint with: RelationalIRI
comment: Contextual IRI, i.e., the internationalized resource identifier of a modal context, i.e., the frame of reference for a qualified-modal semiotic collective; that context defines how exactly necessity and possibility are to be understood

Law
type: Class
subclass of: Rule
disjoint union of: AbsoluteLaw
disjoint union of: QualifiedLaw
comment: Law, i.e., a proposition consisting of an antecedent and one or multiple consequent(s) such that the antecedent is stated to necessarily imply the consequent(s)

ModalIRI
type: Class
subclass of: RelationalIRI
disjoint union of: AbsoluteModalIRI
disjoint union of: QualifiedModalIRI
comment: Modal IRI, i.e., the IRI of a relation that is defined by (absolute or qualified) necessity or possibility of another relation

QualifiedLaw
type: Class
alternative label: QL
subclass of: Law
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isContextWithinLaw
  some values from: ContextualIRI
comment: Qualified law, i.e., a law where the necessary entailment of the consequent(s) by the antecedent is expressed in terms of qualified necessity, to be understood in terms of its modal context

QualifiedModalIRI
type: Class
subclass of: ModalIRI
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isContextOfRelation
  some values from: ContextualIRI
comment: Qualified modal IRI, i.e., the IRI of a relation that is defined by qualified necessity or possibility of another relation
scope note: Qualified modal relations require the specification of a modal context, i.e., a frame of reference for understanding what 'necessity' and 'possibility' exactly mean.

hasAbsoluteNecessityMode
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RelationalIRI
range: AbsoluteModalIRI
sub property of: hasNecessityMode
comment: (x hasAbsoluteNecessityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is an absolute modal IRI for 'necessarily x'

hasAbsolutePossibilityMode
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RelationalIRI
range: AbsoluteModalIRI
sub property of: hasPossibilityMode
comment: (x hasAbsolutePossibilityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is an absolute modal IRI for 'possibly x'

hasNecessityMode
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RelationalIRI
range: ModalIRI
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x hasNecessityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is a modal IRI for 'necessarily x'

hasPossibilityMode
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RelationalIRI
range: ModalIRI
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x hasPossibilityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is a modal IRI for 'possibly x'

hasQualifiedNecessityMode
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RelationalIRI
range: QualifiedModalIRI
sub property of: hasNecessityMode
comment: (x hasQualifiedNecessityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is a qualified modal IRI for 'necessarily x'

hasQualifiedPossibilityMode
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RelationalIRI
range: QualifiedModalIRI
sub property of: hasPossibilityMode
comment: (x hasQualifiedPossibilityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is a qualified modal IRI for 'possibly x'

isContextOfRelation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ContextualIRI
range: QualifiedModalIRI
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isContextOfRelation y) means that x is an IRI for the modal context of qualified possibility/necessity in the relative modal IRI y

isContextWithinLaw
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ContextualIRI
range: QualifiedLaw
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isContextWithinLaw y) means that x is an IRI for the modal context of relatively necessary implication in the relative law y

List
scope note: Syntactic construct (x1 x2 x3 x4) used within the resource description framework (RDF) for a list
comment: the first element is related to the list by rdf:first, the second by (rdf:rest o rdf:first), the third by (rdf:rest o rdf:rest o rdf:first), and so on; where the list ends, it is related by rdf:rest to rdf:nil
example: See also: https://ontola.io/blog/ordered-data-in-rdf/
type: Class

first
domain: List
comment: relates a rdf:List to its first element
example: e.g., if L = (x y z), this would be 'L rdf:first x'

rest
domain: List
comment: relates a rdf:List to the part that remains when its first element is removed
example: e.g., if L = (x y z), this would be 'L rdf:rest (y z)'; if a list has only one element, the rest is rdf:nil, e.g., if L = (x), such that 'L rdf:first x', this would be 'L rdf:rest rdf:nil'

isRelatedToList
type: ObjectProperty
range: List
comment: Top property for multi-argument predicates that are implemented as 'x isRelatedToList (y1 y2 ... yn)', i.e., such that the object is an rdf:List

isFusionOf
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \sigma
sub property of: isRelatedToList
range: List
comment: x isFusionOf (y1 y2 ... yn) means that x is the spatiotemporal union (i.e., fusion) of all the elements included in the list (y1 y2 ... yn)

isTriadOf
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: 3
domain: TriadicCognition
range: List
sub property of: isRelatedToList
comment: 'x isTriadOf (e1 e2 e3)' is a shorthand for 'e1 isFirstElementIn x; e2 isSecondElementIn x; e3 isThirdElementIn x'

AbstractModelPropertyClaim
type: Class
alternative label: AMPC
subclass of: PropertyClaim
comment: Abstract model property claim (CMPC), i.e., a model property claim that is not immediately applied to the corresponding property of a real physical system

ConceptualKnowledgeClaim
type: Class
alternative label: CKC
subclass of: KnowledgeClaim
disjoint with: PropertyClaim
comment: Conceptual knowledge claim (CKC), i.e., a knowledge claim establishing the ontological status of a lexeme

ConcretePropertyClaim
type: Class
alternative label: CMPC
subclass of: PropertyClaim
comment: Concrete model property claim (CMPC), i.e., a model property claim that is immediately also applied to the corresponding property of a real physical system

EPRC
type: Class
subclass of: ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
subclass of: ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
comment: EPRC, i.e., an exact-agreement provenance-conscious reproducibility claim

EPTRC
type: Class
subclass of: EPRC
subclass of: ETRC
subclass of: PTRC
intersection of: ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim
comment: EPTRC, i.e., an exact-agreement provenance-conscious team-change reproducibility claim

ETRC
type: Class
subclass of: ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
subclass of: TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim
comment: ETRC, i.e., an exact-agreement team-change reproducibility claim

ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
type: Class
alternative label: ERC
subclass of: ReproducibilityClaim
comment: Exact-agreement reproducibility claim (ERC), i.e., a reproducibility claim obtained as an outcome of an attempt at obtaining exactly the same outcome as the original study
scope note: The criterion for an ERC is that it has no outcome paradata - all the outcome metadata are orthodata

KnowledgeClaim
type: Class
alternative label: KC
subclass of: Claim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isInterpretantIn
  some values from: Semiosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSubjectMatter
  some values from: Question
disjoint with: ValidityClaim
comment: Knowledge claim (KC), i.e., a claim about something with respect to its knowledge status
scope note: The subject matter of a knowledge claim must be a (single) question, namely the one that is answered by the claim; in particular, therefore, its subject matter may not be a sum (plurality) of unrelated questions - in such a case, split it up into multiple independent knowledge claims
scope note: A knowledge claim states 'what data mean,' i.e., in what way some agent of the academic discourse has given some data an interpretation as constituting knowledge. A knowledge claim asserts what was found from research data: 'Research data δ made agent a know φ,' which can be expanded as 'the interpreation of research data δ by interpreter a yielded the knowledge claim φ as an interpretant.'

PropertyClaim
type: Class
alternative label: MPC
subclass of: PropertyClaim
disjoint union of: AbstractModelPropertyClaim
disjoint union of: ConcretePropertyClaim
comment: Model property claim (MPC), i.e., a PC concerning a property of a model
scope note: Claim expressed through a PC: 'From data δ, property p of object o under conditions c was found by agent a to have the value v'

NegativeKnowledgeClaim
type: Class
alternative label: NKC
subclass of: KnowledgeClaim
comment: Negative knowledge claim (NKC), i.e., a knowledge claim that expresses what we don't know, a gap or limitation of our knowledge

PropertyClaim
type: Class
alternative label: PPC
subclass of: PropertyClaim
comment: Physical property claim (PPC), i.e., a PC concerning a property of a physical system
scope note: Claim expressed through a PC: 'From data δ, property p of object o under conditions c was found by agent a to have the value v'

ProofBasedValidityClaim
type: Class
alternative label: PVC
subclass of: ValidityClaim
disjoint with: ReproducibilityClaim
disjoint with: TestBasedValidityClaim
comment: Proof-based validity claim (PVC), i.e., a validity claim obtained by formal verification, i.e., by deductive logical and mathematical reasoning

PropertyClaim
type: Class
alternative label: PC
subclass of: KnowledgeClaim
disjoint with: ConceptualKnowledgeClaim
comment: Property claim (PC), i.e., a knowledge claim concerning a property
scope note: Claim expressed through a PC: 'From data δ, property p of object o under conditions c was found by agent a to have the value v'

ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
type: Class
alternative label: PRC
subclass of: ReproducibilityClaim
comment: Provenance-conscious reproducibility claim (PRC), i.e., a reproducibility claim obtained from an attempt that was subject to the requirement to retain the original research process or aspects of it
scope note: The criterion for a PRC is that there are provenance orthodata, not only provenance paradata

PTRC
type: Class
subclass of: ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
subclass of: TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim
comment: PTRC, i.e., a provenance-conscious team-change reproducibility claim

ReproducibilityClaim
type: Class
alternative label: RC
subclass of: QualifiedLaw
subclass of: ValidityClaim
disjoint with: ProofBasedValidityClaim
disjoint with: TestBasedValidityClaim
comment: Reproducibility claim (RC), i.e., a validity claim obtained as an outcome of a reproduction attempt/reproducibility study

TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim
type: Class
alternative label: TRC
subclass of: ReproducibilityClaim
comment: Team-change reproducibility claim (TRC), i.e., a reproducibility claim obtained as an outcome of a reproducibility study conducted by an independent team
scope note: Criterion: Interpreter(s) disjoint with the interpreter(s) from the original research process

TestBasedValidityClaim
type: Class
alternative label: TVC
subclass of: ValidityClaim
disjoint with: ProofBasedValidityClaim
disjoint with: ReproducibilityClaim
comment: Test-based validity claim (TVC), i.e., a validity claim obtained from validation or testing
scope note: Validation and testing are an integral part of the activity by which the validated knowledge claim and/or the associated data are produced, as opposed to reproducibility studies which are done subsequently in a separate activity

ValidityClaim
type: Class
alternative label: VC
subclass of: Claim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isAbout
  some values from: Claim
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isValidationOutcomeIn
  some values from: Validation
disjoint with: KnowledgeClaim
comment: Validity claim (VC), i.e., a claim about another claim, saying something about that claim's (in-)accuracy or somebody's (dis-)trust in the claim

affirmsCognition
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \hat{A}_\kappa
range: Cognition
sub property of: isAbout
property chain axiom: providesJustification
property chain axiom: isJustificationFor
comment: (x affirmsCognition y) means that x is about the cognition y, affirming its validity

hasSubjectMatter
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
alternative label: A
range:
  union of: Topical
  union of: TopicalSum
sub property of: isAbout
scope note: following Yablo, there is such a thing as *the* subject matter of something, in other words, hasSubjectMatter is a functional property
comment: (x hasSubjectMatter y) means that x is a proposition or articulation that addresses the topic or sum (i.e., plurality) of topics y, i.e., that has y as its subject matter

isAbout
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \hat{A}
domain:
  union of: Articulation
  union of: Proposition
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
comment: (x isAbout y) means that x is a proposition and y is the object that x is related to by aboutness
scope note: it can make sense to use a structure or plurality to indicate the complex ways in which x can be about a combination of interrelated objects

isOrthodataWithin
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \v{C}_\perp
domain: DigitalArticulation
range: Rule
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isOrthodataWithin y) means that x articulates a substantial aspect of either the antecedent or the consequent side of the rule y

isParadataWithin
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \v{C}_\parallel
domain: DigitalArticulation
range: Rule
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isParadataWithin y) means that x articulates something explicitly said to be unsubstantial to the rule y, and thereby semiotically constitutive of it, e.g., by a mechanism of logical subtraction

isResultOf
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \bar{R}
domain: Restriction
  on property: isInterpretantIn
  some values from: Interpretation
range: Cognition
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition
comment: (x isResultOf y) if x is an outcome/result of the cognitive process y
scope note: an outcome/result of a cognition must occur in the role of the interpretant somewhere within that cognition
example: outcomes/results of a research process can be a research data set, one or multiple knowledge claims, or some combination thereof such as a FAIR digital object

isTopicalFactorIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \v{C}_T
domain:
  union of: Topical
  union of: TopicalSum
range: TopicalProduct
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
comment: (x isTopicalFactorIn y) means that x is combined with other subtopics into the topical proposition y, such that x and the other subtopics are not just standing beside each other, but exhibiting some meaningful interaction

isTopicalSummandIn
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: \lhd_T
domain: Topical
range: TopicalSum
sub property of: isMemberOfPlurality
comment: (x isTopicalSummandIn y) means that x is one of the topics contained in y, a collection of topics that are not immediately closely related to each other
scope note: If multiple topics are combined in a way that relates them closely to each other, with some meaningful interaction between them, the relation isTopicalFactorIn should be used, and the whole should then be a topical product, not a topical sum