Physicalistic Interpretation of Modelling and Simulation - Interoperability Infrastructure (PIMS-II)
description: The Physicalistic Interpretation of Modelling and Simulation - Interoperability Infrastructure (PIMS-II) is a mid-level ontology with a focus on documenting cognitive processes and epistemic metadata
bibliographic citation: Cite this vocabulary as: M. T. Horsch, PIMS-II ontology, http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii/, version II.1.12a, 2023. Also reference at least one the following papers: (a) http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2969/paper3-FOUST.pdf (b) http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3249/paper2-CAOS.pdf
created: 2023-05-04
creator: Martin Thomas Horsch (ORCID 0000-0002-9464-6739)
issued: 2023-05-04
license: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.en.html
publisher: Innovation Centre for Process Data Technology (Inprodat e.V.)
references: pims-ii-latex-symbols.tex
preferred namespace prefix: pims-ii
preferred namespace uri: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#
type: Ontology
version IRI: II.1.12a
version info: PIMS-II version II.1.12a

AbsoluteLaw
type: Class
comment: Absolute law, i.e., a law where the necessary entailment of the consequent(s) by the antecedent is expressed in terms of absolute logical/physical necessity
subclass of: Law

AbsoluteModalIRI
type: Class
comment: Absolute modal IRI, i.e., the IRI of a relation that is defined by absolute necessity or possibility of another relation. Absolute necessity means 'logical or physical necessity', and absolute possibility means 'logical or physical possibility'. Accordingly, absolute modal relations do not require the specification of a modal context, i.e., the frame of reference for understanding what 'necessity' and 'possibility' mean does not need to be specified.
subclass of: ModalIRI

AbstractModelPropertyClaim
type: Class
comment: Abstract model property claim (CMPC), i.e., a model property claim that is not immediately applied to the corresponding property of a real physical system
subclass of: PropertyClaim
alternative label: AMPC

Accumulation
type: Class
comment: Accumulation, i.e., an information-processing step in which the given information is extended/complemented such that the input (sign) and one or multiple additional representamina (cf. relation isIncludedInAccumulation) are jointly constitutive of the output (interpretant); this includes conditional accumulation, where the choice and the way in which information is combined depends on an accumulation condition (cf. relation isAccumulationConditionIn)
subclass of: InformationProcessing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAccumulationInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInAccumulation
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAccumulationOutputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isIncludedInAccumulation
  some values from: Object

Action
type: Class
comment: Action, i.e., a process that is conducted/undertaken by an agent - the action has exactly one agent
subclass of: Process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAgentIn
  some values from: Agent

Agent
type: Class
comment: Agent, i.e., an object that interacts with its surroundings by a) perceiving and b) doing, i.e., an object that carries out actions, including perceptive actions
subclass of: Object

Articulation
type: Class
comment: Articulation (collective expression), i.e., a semiotic collective the semiotic members (i.e., realizations) of which are not semiotic collectives, but individual literal (written or digital) or non-literal (e.g., spoken) items with the same semiotic function (or undergoing evaluation whether such a function is present)
subclass of: SemioticCollective
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 2
  on property:
    inverse of: realizes
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
  some values from: SemioticCollective
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: realizes
  some values from:
    complement of: SemioticCollective
alternative label: AN

Assessment
type: Class
comment: Assessment (of a cognitive step), i.e., a ground that provides an explanation including a proposition on the extent (quantitatively or qualitatively) to which the grounded cognitive step is reliable/accurate/valid (or similar), why that is the case, and how that relates to the reliability/accuracy/etc. of the preceding step
subclass of: Ground
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isAssessmentFor
  some values from: CognitiveStep

Assignment
type: Class
comment: Assignment, i.e., an equality articulation by which a value is assigned to a variable with respect to a particular referent (e.g., T = 200 K for substance o as it was measured in a particular cognitive step); therein, T is the variable, related to the assignment by [inverseOf isVariableInAssignment], 200 K is the value, related to the assignment by [inverseOf isValueInAssignment], and o is the referent, related to the assignment by isAssignmentFor
subclass of: DigitalConventional
subclass of: EqualityArticulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isVariableInAssignment
  some values from: Variable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isValueInAssignment
  some values from: Value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isAssignmentFor
  some values from: Object
alternative label: ASG

BasicGround
type: Class
comment: Basic ground, i.e., a ground that is assumed to be valid and reliable a priori; a cognitive step for which there is a basic ground is a presupposition
subclass of: Ground
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Presupposition
  on property: isGroundFor

CanonicalTUCAN
type: Class
comment: Canonical TUCAN, i.e., the material identifier as developed within the NFDI4Chem project
subclass of: MaterialIdentifier

Claim
type: Class
comment: Claim, i.e., a proposition that is expressed by an interlocutor or believed/held by an intelligent agent
subclass of: Proposition
equivalent class:
  intersection of: Proposition
  intersection of:
    union of: Restriction
      on property: isAssertedBy
      some values from: Interlocutor
    union of: Restriction
      on property: isClaimOf
      some values from: IntelligentAgent

Cognition
type: Class
comment: Cognition, i.e., a process dealing with representamina (signs) consisting either of a single cognitive step, of multiple steps that are connected to each other as a cognitive chain, or of an anchor point for epistemic grounding
subclass of: Process
union of: CognitiveStep
union of: CognitiveChain

CognitiveAction
type: Class
comment: Cognitive action, i.e., a cognition that is conducted/undertaken by an agent; the agent of a cognitive action is called its interpreter
subclass of: Action
subclass of: Cognition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInterpreterIn
  some values from: Agent
intersection of: Cognition
intersection of: Action

CognitiveChain
type: Class
comment: Cognitive chain, i.e., a cognition that consists of multiple (sub)steps
subclass of: Cognition
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 2
  on property:
    inverse of: isStepInCognitiveChain

CognitiveRupture
type: Class
comment: Cognitive rupture, i.e., a cognitive step that constitutes a break in the chain of epistemic grounding
subclass of: CognitiveStep

CognitiveStep
type: Class
comment: Cognitive step, i.e., an elementary cognition that can form an part of a cognitive chain
subclass of: Cognition
disjoint union of: CognitiveRupture
disjoint union of: Metonymization
disjoint union of: Presupposition
disjoint union of: Semiosis

CognitiveWorkflow
type: Class
comment: Cognitive workflow, i.e., a purposefully conducted cognitive chain
subclass of: CognitiveAction
subclass of: CognitiveChain
subclass of: PurposefulAction
intersection of: CognitiveChain
intersection of: PurposefulAction

Collective
type: Class
comment: Collective, i.e., an object that has multiple items as members
subclass of: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 2
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOf
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOf
  some values from: Object
union of: MereotopologicalCollective
union of: SemioticCollective

CollectiveLiteral
type: Class
comment: Collective literal, i.e., a semiotic collective the members of which all have a digital, printed, or written textual/numerical form in that they are all instances/copies of the same RDFS literal (or multiple RDFS literals that are very similar, e.g., different ways of spelling/abbreviating the same word or denoting the same number); n.b., collective literals are not permitted to have other semiotic collectives as their semiotic members
subclass of: Articulation
disjoint with: CollectiveUtterance
equivalent class: Restriction
  min cardinality: 1
  on property: isLiterally

CollectiveUtterance
type: Class
comment: Collective utterance, i.e., a semiotic collective the members of which do not have digital, printed, or written textual/numerical form and the members of which are all attributed the same semantics and pragmatics; n.b., collective utterances are not permitted to have other semiotic collectives as their semiotic members
subclass of: Articulation
disjoint with: CollectiveLiteral

Communication
type: Class
comment: Communication, i.e., a cognitive process wherein multiple interlocutors engage in an exchange with another; a communication involves at least one expressive act (with a well defined role, i.e. in terms of participation)
subclass of: Cognition
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 2
  on property:
    inverse of: isInterlocutorIn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isParticipantIn
  some values from: ExpressiveAct

ConceptualIRI
type: Class
comment: Conceptual IRI, i.e., the internationalized resource identifier of a concept (i.e., of an owl:Class)
subclass of: IRI
disjoint with: RelationalIRI

ConceptualKnowledgeClaim
type: Class
comment: Conceptual knowledge claim (CKC), i.e., a knowledge claim establishing the ontological status of a lexeme
subclass of: KnowledgeClaim
disjoint with: PropertyClaim
alternative label: CKC

ConcretePropertyClaim
type: Class
comment: Concrete model property claim (CMPC), i.e., a model property claim that is immediately also applied to the corresponding property of a real physical system
subclass of: PropertyClaim
alternative label: CMPC

ContextualIRI
type: Class
comment: Contextual IRI, i.e., the internationalized resource identifier of a modal context, i.e., the frame of reference for a qualified-modal semiotic collective; that context defines how exactly necessity and possibility are to be understood
subclass of: IRI
disjoint with: RelationalIRI

Conventional
type: Class
comment: Conventional, i.e., a semiotic collective articulation the members of which jointly fulfill a certain semiotic function by social convention; e.g., many spoken or written occurrences of the words 'enthalpy of vaporization' or 'latent heat' may act together as a property in this sense
subclass of: Articulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isRepresentamenFor
  some values from: Object
alternative label: CV

DataItem
type: Class
comment: Data item, i.e., a digital articulation given as a tuple of digital conventionals
subclass of: DigitalArticulation
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: DigitalConventional
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
alternative label: DI
example: e.g., a key-value dyad with a left-hand side and a right-hand side

Dataset
type: Class
comment: Dataset, i.e., a digital articulation that is composed of multiple data items that are similar in shape, kind, and content type
subclass of: DigitalArticulation
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: DataItem
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

DigitalArticulation
type: Class
comment: Digital articulation, i.e., an articulation the members of which are copies of the same digital content (a file, assignment of a value to a variable, a data set, etc.)
subclass of: Articulation
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: CollectiveLiteral
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
alternative label: DAN

DigitalConventional
type: Class
comment: Digital conventional, i.e., a conventional that is a digital articulation
subclass of: Conventional
subclass of: DigitalArticulation
intersection of: Conventional
intersection of: DigitalArticulation
alternative label: DCV

Duplication
type: Class
comment: Duplication, i.e., an information-processing step in which the given information is reproduced, copied, converted into a different, but equivalent format, or any similar procedure; e.g., this may be based on a legisign to which the original (sign) and the duplicate (interpretant) jointly conform or on a semiotic collective of which they both semiotic members
subclass of: InformationProcessing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOriginalIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInDuplication
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isDuplicateIn
  some values from: Object

Dyad
type: Class
comment: Dyad, i.e., a data item by which two conventionals are grouped together; e.g., an equality or inequality articulation
subclass of: DataItem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isFirstInDyad
  some values from: DigitalConventional
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSecondInDyad
  some values from: DigitalConventional

EPRC
type: Class
comment: EPRC, i.e., an exact-agreement provenance-conscious reproducibility claim
subclass of: ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
subclass of: ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim

EPTRC
type: Class
comment: EPTRC, i.e., an exact-agreement provenance-conscious team-change reproducibility claim
subclass of: EPRC
subclass of: ETRC
subclass of: PTRC
intersection of: ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim

ETRC
type: Class
comment: ETRC, i.e., an exact-agreement team-change reproducibility claim
subclass of: ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
subclass of: TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim

EqualityArticulation
type: Class
comment: Equality articulation, i.e., a dyad by which two terms are asserted to be equal or to become equal
subclass of: Dyad
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isLeftHandSideIn
  some values from: Term
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isRightHandSideIn
  some values from: Term
alternative label: EAN

Evaluation
type: Class
comment: Evaluation, i.e., a reflection ex post (Reflexion des Vollzugs following Baumann and Tulatz) or redetermination, carried out after an action has terminated, either by the same agent or by somebody else
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Telesis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTelosInEvaluation
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isEvaluatedIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isEvaluationOutcomeIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: directlyGrounds
  some values from:
    union of: Telesis
    union of: Undertaking
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isEvaluatorIn
  some values from:
    intersection of: GoalDirectedAgent
    intersection of: Interlocutor
intersection of: Telesis
intersection of: Interpretation
alternative label: EVA

ExactAgreementReproducibilityClaim
type: Class
comment: Exact-agreement reproducibility claim (ERC), i.e., a reproducibility claim obtained as an outcome of an attempt at obtaining exactly the same outcome as the original study
subclass of: ReproducibilityClaim
alternative label: ERC
scope note: The criterion for an ERC is that it has no outcome paradata - all the outcome metadata are orthodata

Examination
type: Class
comment: Examination (by pattern matching & similar), i.e., an observation by which a legisign (specifying patterns or rules) is applied to an examined object, yielding an examination outcome that expresses in what way or to what extent the object matches the legisign
subclass of: Observation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isLegisignIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isExaminedIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isExaminationOutcomeIn
  some values from: Object
alternative label: EXA

ExperimentalWorkflow
type: Class
comment: experimental workflow, i.e., a cognition that is purposefully conducted in a controlled environment and has at least one measurement as a step
subclass of: CognitiveWorkflow
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isStepInCognitiveChain
  some values from: Measurement

ExpressiveAct
type: Class
comment: Expressive act, i.e., a purposeful communication (e.g., a speech act or an analogous digital act of communicating) issued by its agent, the speaker (understood in a generalized sense, i.e., not limited to speech) - the purpose of the action consists of its illocutionary and perlocutionary intent
subclass of: CognitiveAction
subclass of: Communication
subclass of: PurposefulAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSpeakerIn
  some values from: Interlocutor

GoalDirectedAgent
type: Class
comment: 'Goal-directed agents are intelligent agents that have an internal representation of the goals they [tend to] achieve' (Conte, doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1800-9_158, 2009)
subclass of: IntelligentAgent
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGoalFor
  some values from: Intention
scope note: Goal-directedness requires an explicit internal representation of intentions/objectives/goals of the agent; that is what distinguishes it from goal orientation. In PIMS-II, goal orientation is denoted by the relation isGoalOf (which does not require an internal mental representation of the goal), whereas conscious goal directedness is denoted by the relation isGoalFor.

GoalOrientedAgent
type: Class
comment: Goal-oriented agent, i.e., an agent that exhibits the tendency 'to achieve a certain state of the world' (Conte, doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1800-9_158, 2009)
subclass of: Agent
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGoalOf
  some values from: Intention
scope note: A goal of a goal-oriented agent is a descriptor/representamen for that state of the world, and it is also a descriptor/representament for the agent itself. Goal orientation can emerge by a multitude of mechanisms, including natural selection. It does *not* require the agent to be consciously aware of its goals. In PIMS-II, goal orientation is denoted by the relation isGoalOf (which does not require an internal mental representation of the goal), whereas conscious goal directedness is denoted by the relation isGoalFor.

Ground
type: Class
comment: Ground (of a cognitive step), i.e., a proposition that justifies a cognitive step by explaning it and stating from what preceding step (which directly grounds that step) a sign-object relation is carried over, and in what way
subclass of: Proposition
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isGroundFor
  some values from: CognitiveStep

GroundedCognition
type: Class
comment: Grounded cognition, i.e., a cognition that is logically preceded by a presupposition such that there is a grounding chain establishing its epistemic status as a grounded cognition
subclass of: Cognition
equivalent class:
  union of: Presupposition
  union of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: logicallyPrecedes
    some values from: Presupposition
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isJustificationFor
  some values from: GroundingChain

GroundingChain
type: Class
comment: Grounding chain, i.e., a cognitive chain that establishes epistemic grounding
subclass of: CognitiveChain
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from:
    union of: GroundingStep
    union of: Presupposition
  on property:
    inverse of: isStepInCognitiveChain

GroundingInterpretation
type: Class
comment: Grounding interpretation, i.e., an interpretation where the sign is a ground for the considered cognitive step, the object is the considered cognitive step, and the interpretant is a ground for a subsequent cognitive step
subclass of: GroundingStep
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: groundsPresentStepIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isPresentStepInGrounding
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: groundsNextStepIn
  some values from: Object
intersection of: GroundingStep
intersection of: Semiosis

GroundingMetonymization
type: Class
comment: Grounding metonymization, i.e., a metonymization where a the old referent is a cognitive step (i.e., the grounding step) that grounds another (i.e., the grounded step), which is the new referent; the referent for both is a ground (i.e., the grounding proposition) that is a ground for the grounded step
subclass of: GroundingStep
subclass of: Metonymization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGroundingStepIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGroundingPropositionIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGroundedStepIn
  some values from: Object
intersection of: GroundingStep
intersection of: SemanticChange

GroundingStep
type: Class
comment: Grounding step, i.e., a triadic cognition that establishes epistemic grounding
subclass of: TriadicCognition
disjoint union of: GroundingMetonymization
disjoint union of: GroundingInterpretation

IRI
type: Class
comment: Internationalized resource identifier (IRI) as defined by RFC 3987; an IRI object should be related by 'isLiterally' to an xs:string containing the IRI literal
subclass of: CollectiveLiteral
subclass of: DigitalArticulation
union of: ConceptualIRI
union of: ContextualIRI
union of: IndividualIRI
union of: RelationalIRI

IndividualIRI
type: Class
comment: Individual IRI, i.e., the internationalized resource identifier of an individual (owl:Thing or pims-ii:Object)
subclass of: IRI
subclass of: UniqueIdentifier
disjoint with: RelationalIRI

InformationProcessing
type: Class
comment: Information processing, i.e., an interpretation in which information is handled, revised, reformatted, extended, or narrowed down (or anything comparable to such actions), e.g., preprocessing or postprocessing in a simulation workflow
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInformationProcessingInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInInformationProcessing
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInformationProcessingOutputIn
  some values from: Object

IntelligentAgent
type: Class
comment: Intelligent agent, i.e., a goal-oriented agent that can internally make/hold claims (knowledge, beliefs, etc.). This requires the agent to have some kind of internal representation of its surroundings, and to store and process information about its surroundings. (Note that this does not require the agent to be queryable for its claims; for that purpose, use KnowledgeBase.)
subclass of: GoalOrientedAgent

Intention
type: Class
comment: Intention, i.e., a proposition that constitutes an aim or goal
subclass of: Proposition

Interlocutor
type: Class
comment: Interlocutor, i.e., an agent that can be addressed and is capable of addressing others in a communication process
subclass of: Agent
alternative label: IO

Interpretation
type: Class
comment: Interpretation, i.e., a semiosis where the sign-object relation is carried over from the preceding cognitive step, without the need for the represented object to be present physically
subclass of: Semiosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSignInInterpretation
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInInterpretation
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInterpretantInInterpretation
  some values from: Object
alternative label: IPR

InvestigationSetup
type: Class
comment: Investigation setup, i.e., a metonymization where a sign (e.g., a model and/or open question) that has come up for an 'object of application' (the old referent, e.g., the system to which a use case refers) is reassigned to an 'object of investigation' to which dedicated studies can be applied, such as a system that will be simulated or investigated experimentally; n.b., there needs to be a causal connection between the old and the new referent, i.e., between the object of application and the object of investigation
subclass of: Metonymization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectOfApplicationIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSignInInvestigation
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectOfInvestigationIn
  some values from: Object

Item
type: Class
comment: Item, i.e., a connected region of spacetime that does not consist of multiple connected components
subclass of: Object
scope note: Alternative definition: An item is an object that cannot be split into two spatiotemporally disconnected parts

KnowledgeBase
type: Class
comment: Knowledge base, i.e., an interlocutor that makes a consistent set of claims and will respond consistently if queried; n.b., that propositional content which 'isHeldBy' a knowledge base needs to be invariable over the whole 4D spacetime in which the knowledge base exist. Since technical knowledge bases do happen to change their propositional content over time, it may make sense either to define proper parts with a short temporal extension or to take care with what a knowledge base is stated to hold. Other kinds of propositional content (varying over time or depending on who makes the query) can be said to be asserted rather than held by the knowledge base.
subclass of: Interlocutor

KnowledgeBasedAgent
type: Class
comment: Knowledge-based agent, i.e., an intelligent agent that uses a knowledge base to store and process its opinions/claims/worldview
subclass of: IntelligentAgent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMereologicallyConstitutiveOf
  some values from: KnowledgeBase

KnowledgeClaim
type: Class
comment: Knowledge claim (KC), i.e., a claim about something with respect to its knowledge status
subclass of: Claim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isInterpretantIn
  some values from: Semiosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSubjectMatter
  some values from: Question
disjoint with: ValidityClaim
alternative label: KC
scope note: A knowledge claim states 'what data mean,' i.e., in what way some agent of the academic discourse has given some data an interpretation as constituting knowledge. A knowledge claim asserts what was found from research data: 'Research data δ made agent a know φ,' which can be expanded as 'the interpreation of research data δ by interpreter a yielded the knowledge claim φ as an interpretant.'
scope note: The subject matter of a knowledge claim must be a (single) question, namely the one that is answered by the claim; in particular, therefore, its subject matter may not be a sum (plurality) of unrelated questions - in such a case, split it up into multiple independent knowledge claims

Law
type: Class
comment: Law, i.e., a proposition consisting of an antecedent and one or multiple consequent(s) such that the antecedent is stated to necessarily imply the consequent(s)
subclass of: Rule
disjoint union of: AbsoluteLaw
disjoint union of: QualifiedLaw

Lexeme
type: Class
comment: Lexeme, i.e., a semiotic collective the members of which are all instances/utterances/copies of the same word (or a fragment or group of words that fulfills the corresponding function) which acts as a conventional articulation due to social convention; different ways of writing the word, such as an abbreviation and the full version, may belong to the same lexeme
subclass of: CollectiveLiteral
subclass of: Conventional

MaterialIdentifier
type: Class
comment: Name or label that identifies the material of its referent, or the material that some semiotic collective is about
subclass of: Name
scope note: in particular, the TUCAN identifiers from NFDI4Chem can be used

MathematicalOperator
type: Class
comment: Mathematical operator, i.e., a lexeme that articulates a mathematical operation, such as the collective containing realizations of '*', '·', 'times', etc.
subclass of: Lexeme

Measurement
type: Class
comment: Measurement, i.e., an observation that follows a standard procedure, so that it can be expected to yield an objective (rather than subjective) outcome
subclass of: Observation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMeasurementInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMeasuredObjectIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMeasurementOutcomeIn
  some values from: Object

MeasurementUnit
type: Class
comment: Measurement unit, i.e., a 'real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention' (EMMO, ISO 80000-1)
subclass of: Lexeme

MereotopologicalCollective
type: Class
comment: Mereotopological collective, i.e., a region of spacetime that consists of multiple connected components, which are its mereotopological members
subclass of: Collective
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 2
  on property:
    inverse of: isMereotopologicalMemberOf
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMereotopologicalMemberOf
  some values from: Item

Metonymization
type: Class
comment: Metonymization, i.e., a semantic change where there is a causal connection between the old and the new referent, so that the criterion of a 'real causal connection' (between signs and objects) from Peircean semiotics is preserved
subclass of: SemanticChange
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOldReferentInMetonymization
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: changesReferentInMetonymization
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNewReferentInMetonymization
  some values from: Object

ModalIRI
type: Class
comment: Modal IRI, i.e., the IRI of a relation that is defined by (absolute or qualified) necessity or possibility of another relation
subclass of: RelationalIRI
disjoint union of: AbsoluteModalIRI
disjoint union of: QualifiedModalIRI

PropertyClaim
type: Class
comment: Model property claim (MPC), i.e., a PC concerning a property of a model
subclass of: PropertyClaim
disjoint union of: AbstractModelPropertyClaim
disjoint union of: ConcretePropertyClaim
alternative label: MPC
scope note: Claim expressed through a PC: 'From data δ, property p of object o under conditions c was found by agent a to have the value v'

Modelling
type: Class
comment: Modelling, i.e., an interpretation in which the sign is the basis for the modelling process (e.g., an unparameterized or previously parameterized model, knowledge about the modelled system, etc.), the object is the modelled system, and the interpretant is the modelling output (e.g., a parameterized model)
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isModellingInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isModelledIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isModellingOutputIn
  some values from: Object

Name
type: Class
comment: Name, i.e., a lexeme that acts as a rigid designator due to social convention
subclass of: Lexeme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isNameFor
  some values from: Object

NegativeKnowledgeClaim
type: Class
comment: Negative knowledge claim (NKC), i.e., a knowledge claim that expresses what we don't know, a gap or limitation of our knowledge
subclass of: KnowledgeClaim
alternative label: NKC

Number
type: Class
comment: Number, i.e., a lexeme that is numerical in nature, such as the collective containing realizations of 'two', '2', and '2.0'
subclass of: Lexeme

Object
type: Class
comment: Object (PIMS-II top class) = cognizable entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasProperPart
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isSpatiotemporallyDisconnectedFrom
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporallyPrecedes
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: temporallyPrecedes
  some values from: Object
disjoint union of: Item
disjoint union of: MereotopologicalCollective
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isProperPartOf
  some values from: Object
scope note: following Peirce, all that exists is regarded as cognizable, i.e., all in principle be referred to by a sign, hence the label 'Object'

Observation
type: Class
comment: Observation, i.e., a perception by which characteristic aspects of an object (e.g., a target property or some more complex kind of behaviour) are purposefully investigated through specific means of perception; the procedure and evaluation may occur based on subjective judgement or according to an agreed procedure
subclass of: Perception
subclass of: PurposefulAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObservationInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObservedIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObservationOutcomeIn
  some values from: Object

Optimization
type: Class
comment: Optimization, i.e., an interpretation in which the sign is the optimization problem, the object is that which the optimization problem is ultimately about, and the interpretant is the optimization output
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOptimizationProblemIn
  some values from: OptimizationProblem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInOptimization
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOptimizationOutputIn
  some values from: Object

OptimizationProblem
type: Class
comment: Optimization problem, i.e., an intention expressed or expressible in terms of one or multiple objectives (objective space) and one or multiple design parameters (parameter space)
subclass of: Intention
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isDesignParameterWithin
  some values from: Conventional
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOptimizationObjectiveWithin
  some values from: Conventional

OwnClaim
type: Class
comment: Own claim, i.e., a claim that is asserted by a self reference (i.e., a/the present interlocutor)
subclass of: Claim
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isAssertedBy
  some values from: ReferenceToSelf
scope note: Specifically this could be used as a concept to be applied to propositional content of the present knowledge base

PTRC
type: Class
comment: PTRC, i.e., a provenance-conscious team-change reproducibility claim
subclass of: ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
subclass of: TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
intersection of: TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim

PartToWhole
type: Class
comment: Part-to-whole synecdoche, i.e., a metonymization where the old referent is a spatiotemporal proper part of the new referent (additionally, the old and new referent need to be connected causally)
subclass of: Synecdoche
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOldReferentInPartToWhole
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: changesReferentInPartToWhole
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNewReferentInPartToWhole
  some values from: Object

Perception
type: Class
comment: Perception, i.e., a semiosis in which the referent is a participant (as a perceived object) and therefore needs to be physically present
subclass of: Semiosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSignInPerception
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isPerceivedIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInterpretantInPerception
  some values from: Object
alternative label: PCN
scope note: the perception is conducted by an agent, namely, the interpreter who perceives the object

Person
type: Class
comment: Person, i.e., an interlocutor that is socially identified as a natural or legal person by social convention that involves using a name (or multiple names) for it as rigid designators
subclass of: Interlocutor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNameFor
  some values from: Name

PropertyClaim
type: Class
comment: Physical property claim (PPC), i.e., a PC concerning a property of a physical system
subclass of: PropertyClaim
alternative label: PPC
scope note: Claim expressed through a PC: 'From data δ, property p of object o under conditions c was found by agent a to have the value v'

Planning
type: Class
comment: Planning, i.e., a reflection ex ante or predetermination, carried out by analysing the perceived present situation in advance of potentially undertaking an action
subclass of: Perception
subclass of: Telesis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTelosInPlanning
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSituationInPlanning
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isResolutionInPlanning
  some values from: Object

Plurality
type: Class
comment: Plurality, i.e., a semiotic collective the semiotic members of which are a representational element (referent or representamen) together, whereby all act/contribute in the same way - this latter point distinguishes a plurality from a structure; e.g., the referent of the expression 'the four seasons/quarters of the year' (for a given year, within a given spatial region) is a plurality, and each of the four seasons/quarters is one of its semiotic members
subclass of: SemioticCollective
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 2
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOfPlurality
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
  some values from:
    union of: Plurality
    union of: Structure
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOfPlurality
  some values from: Object
alternative label: PL

Presupposition
type: Class
comment: Presupposition, i.e., a cognition that has a basic ground, so that it is accepted a priori as an ultimate anchor point for epistemic grounding; any cognition that is logically preceded by a presupposition is a grounded cognition
subclass of: GroundedCognition
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGroundFor
  some values from: BasicGround

Process
type: Class
comment: Process, i.e., a connected region that has at least one participant, an entity with which it overlaps spatiotemporally and that plays a certain role in the process
subclass of: Item
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isParticipantIn
  some values from: Object
scope note: n.b., 'participation' here does not imply agency, anything that somehow plays a role in the process, and does so by virtue of overlapping with it spatiotemporally, is a participant in it

ProofBasedValidityClaim
type: Class
comment: Proof-based validity claim (PVC), i.e., a validity claim obtained by formal verification, i.e., by deductive logical and mathematical reasoning
subclass of: ValidityClaim
disjoint with: ReproducibilityClaim
disjoint with: TestBasedValidityClaim
alternative label: PVC

Property
type: Class
comment: Property, i.e., a variable that is employed for the possible outcome of observations and similar processes (this may include different words used for the same property, in one or multiple languages, and different ways of expressing these words)
subclass of: Variable

PropertyClaim
type: Class
comment: Property claim (PC), i.e., a knowledge claim concerning a property
subclass of: KnowledgeClaim
disjoint with: ConceptualKnowledgeClaim
alternative label: PC
scope note: Claim expressed through a PC: 'From data δ, property p of object o under conditions c was found by agent a to have the value v'

Proposition
type: Class
comment: Proposition, i.e., a semiotic collective the members of which are collective literals and collective utterances understood to be attributed some joint semantic and/or pragmatic content, or undergoing evaluation jointly for the presence of such a content
subclass of: SemioticCollective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: articulatesLiterally
  some values from: CollectiveLiteral
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Articulation
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 1
  on property: isAbout
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: articulates
  some values from: Articulation
alternative label: PN
scope note: Note that this here includes any kind of semiotic collective that fits the given definition; the semantic/pragmatic content may be assertive, but also interrogative or of any other character - in particular, by this definition, 'Question' is a subclass of 'Proposition'

ProvenanceConsciousReproducibilityClaim
type: Class
comment: Provenance-conscious reproducibility claim (PRC), i.e., a reproducibility claim obtained from an attempt that was subject to the requirement to retain the original research process or aspects of it
subclass of: ReproducibilityClaim
alternative label: PRC
scope note: The criterion for a PRC is that there are provenance orthodata, not only provenance paradata

PurposefulAction
type: Class
comment: Purposeful action, i.e., an action carried out with an aim of which its agent (hence, a goal-directed agent) is aware
subclass of: Action
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: GoalDirectedAgent
  on property:
    inverse of: isAgentIn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAimIn
  some values from: Intention

QualifiedLaw
type: Class
comment: Qualified law, i.e., a law where the necessary entailment of the consequent(s) by the antecedent is expressed in terms of qualified necessity, to be understood in terms of its modal context
subclass of: Law
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isContextWithinLaw
  some values from: ContextualIRI
alternative label: QL

QualifiedModalIRI
type: Class
comment: Qualified modal IRI, i.e., the IRI of a relation that is defined by qualified necessity or possibility of another relation
subclass of: ModalIRI
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isContextOfRelation
  some values from: ContextualIRI
scope note: Qualified modal relations require the specification of a modal context, i.e., a frame of reference for understanding what 'necessity' and 'possibility' exactly mean.

QuantityValue
type: Class
comment: Quantity value, i.e., a value that has a numerical magnitude and a physical unit
subclass of: Value
equivalent class:
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: isMagnitudeOf
    some values from: Number
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: isUnitOf
    some values from: MeasurementUnit

Query
type: Class
comment: Query, i.e., a digital articulation of a question
subclass of: DigitalArticulation
equivalent class:
  intersection of: DigitalArticulation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: articulates
    some values from: Question

Question
type: Class
comment: Question, i.e., a topical proposition the semantics/pragmatics of which are of interrogative character
subclass of: Topical
alternative label: QN
scope note: A question contains interrogative pronouns or other interrogative elements, such as blank nodes when articulated as a query
scope note: Questions are articulated digitally by queries

RationalAgent
type: Class
comment: A rational agent is an intelligent agent that exhibits rationality, i.e., a tendency toward maximizing a quantity: The performance measure of the agent.
subclass of: IntelligentAgent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGoalOf
  some values from: OptimizationProblem
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isPerformanceMeasureOf
  some values from: Property
scope note: Similar as in the case of goal-orientation, rationality does *not* require the agent to be aware of its performance measure.

ReferenceToSelf
type: Class
comment: Reference to self, i.e., an entity for the interlocutor who *is* the present system, i.e., the system containing the present triples, etc., and whose claims are to be accepted as the present system's 'own claims.' A self-reference is an entity that is either identical with the system at hand, namely, the digital infrastructure or other interlocutor that stores the present semantic content, or a component of it
subclass of: Interlocutor
example: If the present triples are processed by a research data infrastructure with a federated architecture, consisting of several repositories (which are interlocutors, i.e., they can be queried and communicate with the outside world), both the research data infrastructure as a whole and the individual repositories are self-references
scope note: This is relevant for distinguishing anybody's claims from the present system's own claims: If and only if a proposition is asserted by a self-reference, it is an own claim

RelationalIRI
type: Class
comment: Relational IRI, i.e., the internationalized resource identifier of a something that can play the role of the predicate in a triple; this includes 'rdf:type', object properties, datatype properties, their negations
subclass of: IRI
disjoint with: ConceptualIRI
disjoint with: ContextualIRI
disjoint with: IndividualIRI

ReproducibilityClaim
type: Class
comment: Reproducibility claim (RC), i.e., a validity claim obtained as an outcome of a reproduction attempt/reproducibility study
subclass of: QualifiedLaw
subclass of: ValidityClaim
disjoint with: ProofBasedValidityClaim
disjoint with: TestBasedValidityClaim
alternative label: RC

ResearchQuestion
type: Class
comment: Research question, i.e., a question that could, has been, or is being addressed by scientific research and e.g. could be answered by a knowledge claim formulated on the grounds of scientific research data
subclass of: Question
alternative label: RQN

Rule
type: Class
comment: Rule, i.e., a proposition consisting of an antecedent and one or multiple consequent(s) such that the antecedent is stated to imply the consequent(s)
subclass of: Proposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAntecedentWithin
  some values from: Proposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isConsequentWithin
  some values from: Proposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: articulates
  some values from: Dyad
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOrthodataWithin
  some values from: DigitalArticulation

Selection
type: Class
comment: Selection, i.e., an information-processing step in which the given information is narrowed down such that the output (interpretant) is constitutive of the input (sign); this includes conditional selection, where one component of the input or another is retained depending on a selection condition (cf. relation isSelectionConditionIn)
subclass of: InformationProcessing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSelectionInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInSelection
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSelectionOutputIn
  some values from: Object

SemanticChange
type: Class
comment: Semantic change, i.e., a triadic cognition by which a representamen is assigned a new referent
subclass of: TriadicCognition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOldReferentIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: changesReferentIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNewReferentIn
  some values from: Object

Semiosis
type: Class
comment: Semiosis, i.e., a triadic congition that relates 'the sign', 'the object', and 'the interpretant' to each other; a semiosis is either a perception (if the object needs to be present and participate physically in the process) or an interpretation (if the physical participation of the object is not inherently necessary)
subclass of: TriadicCognition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSignIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInterpretantIn
  some values from: Object
disjoint union of: Perception
disjoint union of: Interpretation

SemioticCollective
type: Class
comment: Semiotic collective, i.e., a collective the semiotic members of which act together as one representational element (i.e., referent or representamen) in a cognitive process
subclass of: Collective
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 2
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
disjoint union of: Articulation
disjoint union of: Proposition
disjoint union of: Structure
disjoint union of: Plurality
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
  some values from: Item
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isRepresentationalElementIn
  some values from: CognitiveStep
alternative label: SCO

Simulation
type: Class
comment: Simulation, i.e., a purposefully conducted numerical interpretation of simulation input (model, etc.), where the interpretant is the simulation result
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: PurposefulAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSimulationInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSimulatedIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSimulationOutputIn
  some values from: Object

SimulationWorkflow
type: Class
comment: simulation workflow, i.e., a cognitive workflow in which simulation plays a major role
subclass of: CognitiveWorkflow
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isStepInCognitiveChain
  some values from: Simulation

Steering
type: Class
comment: Steering, i.e., a reflection in actu (Reflexion im Vollzug following Baumann and Tulatz) or determination, carried out while undertaking an action and playing a role in that action by proper participation
subclass of: Perception
subclass of: Telesis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTelosInSteering
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isActionInSteering
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isResolutionInSteering
  some values from: Object

Structure
type: Class
comment: Structure, i.e., a semiotic collective the semiotic members of which complement each other, contributing in different ways (or, at least, not all int the same way) to their joint action as a referent or a representamen
subclass of: SemioticCollective
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 2
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOfStructure
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSemioticMemberOf
  some values from: Structure
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isMemberOfStructure
  some values from: Object

Synecdoche
type: Class
comment: Synecdoche, i.e., a metonymization where a sign is reassigned to a part of its old referent (WholeToPart) or vice versa (PartToWhole)
subclass of: Metonymization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOldReferentInSynecdoche
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: changesReferentInSynecdoche
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNewReferentInSynecdoche
  some values from: Object
disjoint union of: PartToWhole
disjoint union of: WholeToPart

TeamChangeReproducibilityClaim
type: Class
comment: Team-change reproducibility claim (TRC), i.e., a reproducibility claim obtained as an outcome of a reproducibility study conducted by an independent team
subclass of: ReproducibilityClaim
alternative label: TRC
scope note: Criterion: Interpreter(s) disjoint with the interpreter(s) from the original research process

Telesis
type: Class
comment: Telesis (teleological semiosis), i.e., a semiosis where the sign is a telos (aim), the object is an action, claim, or situation against which that aim is evaluated, and the interpretant is a resolution, e.g., a revised objective, plan, or similar evaluation outcome
subclass of: CognitiveAction
subclass of: Semiosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTelosIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectInTelesis
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isResolutionInTelesis
  some values from: Object
disjoint union of: Planning
disjoint union of: Steering
disjoint union of: Evaluation
alternative label: TEL

Term
type: Class
comment: Term, i.e., a conventional that can evaluate to a value; terms include variables, values, and any mathematically and semantically valid ways of combining variables, values, and mathematical operators - note that it is required for a term to potentially take a value
subclass of: Conventional
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isAdmissibleValueFor
  some values from: Value

TestBasedValidityClaim
type: Class
comment: Test-based validity claim (TVC), i.e., a validity claim obtained from validation or testing
subclass of: ValidityClaim
disjoint with: ProofBasedValidityClaim
disjoint with: ReproducibilityClaim
alternative label: TVC
scope note: Validation and testing are an integral part of the activity by which the validated knowledge claim and/or the associated data are produced, as opposed to reproducibility studies which are done subsequently in a separate activity

Topical
type: Class
comment: Topical proposition, i.e., something that can be understood as stating the topic of something
subclass of: Proposition
alternative label: TL
scope note: A topic can be a product of (sub-)topics, that is the case if two aspects of something are being addressed jointly, with a genuine interaction between multiple factors; in this case, the whole topic is a topical product (subclass of topical), and its factors are related to it by pims-ii:isTopicalFactorIn. But something can also address multiple contributions to its subject matter independently, without a genuine interaction between the parts; in that case, the whole topic is a topical sum (disjoint with topical), its parts are topicals, and they are related to the whole by pims-ii:isTopicalSummandIn
scope note: In particular, all questions are topical propositions, since they state the topic of their potential answer

TopicalProduct
type: Class
comment: Topical product, i.e., a topical proposition with multiple topical factors
subclass of: Topical
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTopicalFactorIn
  some values from:
    union of: Topical
    union of: TopicalSum

TopicalSum
type: Class
comment: Topical sum, i.e., a plurality of topical propositions, where the individual elements (summands) don't genuinely interact but are just standing beside each other as independent, unrelated (or not very closely related) parts of what is addressed
subclass of: Plurality
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTopicalSummandIn
  some values from: Topical
alternative label: TLS

TriadicCognition
type: Class
comment: Triadic cognition, i.e., a cognitive step of the type s-o-s' (semiosis) or o-s-o' (semantic change), thus containing three elements, in line with the approach by Peirce
subclass of: CognitiveAction
subclass of: CognitiveStep
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isFirstElementIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSecondElementIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isThirdElementIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isGroundFor
  some values from: Ground
disjoint union of: SemanticChange
disjoint union of: Semiosis

Triple
type: Class
comment: Triple, i.e., a subject-predicate-object triple (connected by relations to the IRIs of the subject, predicate, and object)
subclass of: DataItem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSubjectWithinTriple
  some values from: IRI
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isPredicateWithinTriple
  some values from: IRI
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isObjectWithinTriple
  some values from: IRI

Undertaking
type: Class
comment: Undertaking, i.e., a metonymization by which a resolution, which was previously determined (by telesis) in response to the pre-existing situation, is actively taken up by the agent, motivating an action
subclass of: Metonymization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isSituationInUndertaking
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isResolutionInUndertaking
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isActionInUndertaking
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: directlyGrounds
  some values from: Telesis

UniqueIdentifier
type: Class
comment: Unique identifier, i.e., a rigid designator that is applied to exactly one object
subclass of: Name

Validation
type: Class
comment: Validation, i.e., an evaluation of a cognition yielding a validity claim as its interpretant
subclass of: Evaluation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: Validation
  some values from: Intention
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isEvaluatedIn
  some values from: CognitiveAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isValidationOutcomeIn
  some values from: ValidityClaim
alternative label: VAL

ValidityClaim
type: Class
comment: Validity claim (VC), i.e., a claim about another claim, saying something about that claim's (in-)accuracy or somebody's (dis-)trust in the claim
subclass of: Claim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isAbout
  some values from: Claim
disjoint with: KnowledgeClaim
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isValidationOutcomeIn
  some values from: Validation
alternative label: VC

Value
type: Class
comment: Value, i.e., an articulation that is by social convention understood to be potentially assignable to a variable
subclass of: Term
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isAdmissibleValueFor
  some values from: Variable

Variable
type: Class
comment: Variable, i.e., a conventional that is employed for something to which values can be assigned (this may include different notations for the same variable including, e.g., computational representations); this is to be understood very generally, e.g., a variable may be an array or set of elements or have another kind of internal structure
subclass of: Term

Visualization
type: Class
comment: Visualization, i.e., an interpretation in which the object is the visualized system and the interpretant is a visual representation of the object - the sign is a pre-existing representamen for the same object, e.g., a simulation result
subclass of: Interpretation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isVisualizationInputIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isVisualizedObjectIn
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isVisualizationOutputIn
  some values from: Object

WholeToPart
type: Class
comment: Whole-to-part synecdoche, i.e., a metonymization where the new referent is a spatiotemporal proper part of the old referent (additionally, the old and new referent need to be connected causally)
subclass of: Synecdoche
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isOldReferentInWholeToPart
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: changesReferentInWholeToPart
  some values from: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isNewReferentInWholeToPart
  some values from: Object

affirmsCognition
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x affirmsCognition y) means that x is about the cognition y, affirming its validity
range: Cognition
sub property of: isAbout
property chain axiom: providesJustification
property chain axiom: isJustificationFor
alternative label: \hat{A}_\kappa

articulates
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x articulates y) means that x is a semiotic member of the proposition y, giving a literal or non-literal (e.g., spoken) expression to its propositional content; n.b., x may also express other propositions beside y
domain: Articulation
range: Proposition
sub property of: isSemioticMemberOf
alternative label: \lhd_a

articulatesLiterally
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x articulatesLiterally y) means that x is a collective literal expressing the proposition y, and possibly additional propositions beside y
domain: CollectiveLiteral
range: Proposition
sub property of: articulates

articulatesNonliterally
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x articulatesNonliterally y) means that x is a collective non-literal expression (e.g., an utterance) of proposition y, and possibly additional propositions beside y
domain: Articulation
domain:
  complement of: CollectiveLiteral
range: Proposition
sub property of: articulates

changesReferentIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x changesReferentIn y) == y is a semantic change where x acts as the representamen, i.e., the second element
range: SemanticChange
sub property of: isRepresentamenIn
sub property of: isSecondElementIn

changesReferentInMetonymization
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x changesReferentInMetonymization y) == y is a metonymization where x acts as the representamen, i.e., the second element
range: Metonymization
sub property of: changesReferentIn

changesReferentInPartToWhole
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x changesReferentInPartToWhole y) == y is a part-to-whole synecdoche where x acts as the representamen, i.e., the second element
range: PartToWhole
sub property of: changesReferentInSynecdoche

changesReferentInSynecdoche
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x changesReferentInSynecdoche y) == y is a synecdoche where x acts as the representamen, i.e., the second element
range: Synecdoche
sub property of: changesReferentInMetonymization

changesReferentInWholeToPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x changesReferentInWholeToPart y) == y is a whole-to-part synecdoche where x acts as the representamen, i.e., the second element
range: WholeToPart
sub property of: changesReferentInSynecdoche

describesMethodAppliedIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x describesMethodAppliedIn y) means that x describes y in terms of the method that is employed
domain: Articulation
domain: Restriction
  on property: describesMethodEmployedBy
  some values from: Agent
range: Action
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
alternative label: \v{R}

describesMethodEmployedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x describesMethodEmployedBy y) means that the agent y follows a methodology described by x in carrying out an action
domain: Articulation
domain: Restriction
  on property: isRepresentamenFor
  some values from: Object
range: Agent
sub property of: msIRHPIP
property chain axiom: describesMethodAppliedIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAgentIn

directlyGrounds
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x directlyGrounds y) == x is the cognitive step (or basic ground) that directly precedes y logically, such that a dyadic representation relation from y is taken over from x (or assumed to be grounded a priori due to x)
domain:
  union of: TriadicCognition
  union of: Presupposition
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: directlyPrecedesCognitiveStep
sub property of: logicallyPrecedes
property chain axiom: isGroundingStepIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isGroundedStepIn
alternative label: \hookrightarrow

directlyPrecedesByRupture
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x directlyPrecedesByRupture y) == x is the cognitive step that directly precedes y logically (and typically, y takes over a dyadic representation relation from x), but either x or y constitutes a cognitive rupture, i.e., it interrupts the chain of grounding
domain: CognitiveStep
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: directlyPrecedesCognitiveStep

directlyPrecedesCognitiveStep
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x directlyPrecedesCognitiveStep y) == x is the cognitive step (or basic ground) that directly precedes y logically; typically, this means that y takes over a dyadic representation relation from x
sub property of: directlyPrecedesStep

directlyPrecedesStep
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x directlyPrecedesStep y) means that x and y are processes such that y can commence when x (and possibly other steps that also directly precede y) has finished
domain: Process
range: Process
sub property of: hasDirectCausalConnectionWith
sub property of: precedesStep
alternative label: \ddot\hookrightarrow
scope note: (x directlyPrecedesStep y) implies that there is a direct causal connection between x and y

doesNotOverlapWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (x doesNotOverlapWith y) is the negation of (x overlapsWith y); i.e., the spatiotemporal intersection of x and y is empty
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
alternative label: \lnot(\dot{P}^-\dot{P})

doesNotTemporallyOverlapWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (x doesNotTemporallyOverlapWith y) is the negation of (x temporallyOverlapsWith y); i.e., there is no temporal overlap between x and y
sub property of: doesNotOverlapWith
alternative label: \lnot(\equiv_t\dot{P}^-\dot{P})

groundsNextStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x groundsNextStepIn y) == y is a grounding interpretation where x is the third element, i.e., a ground for the subsequent cognitive step; thereby, x also serves as a ground for y itself
domain: Ground
range: GroundingInterpretation
sub property of: isGroundFor
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation

groundsPresentStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x groundsPresentStepIn y) == y is a grounding interpretation where x is the first element, i.e., a ground for the considered cognitive step
domain: Ground
range: GroundingInterpretation
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation

hasAbsoluteNecessityMode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x hasAbsoluteNecessityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is an absolute modal IRI for 'necessarily x'
domain: RelationalIRI
range: AbsoluteModalIRI
sub property of: hasNecessityMode

hasAbsolutePossibilityMode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x hasAbsolutePossibilityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is an absolute modal IRI for 'possibly x'
domain: RelationalIRI
range: AbsoluteModalIRI
sub property of: hasPossibilityMode

hasCausalConnectionWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: 'Real causal connection' relation following Peirce, here, given by the transitive closure of 'hasDirectCausalConnectionWith'
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
property chain axiom: isOldReferentInMetonymization
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isNewReferentInMetonymization
property chain axiom: isNewReferentInMetonymization
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isOldReferentInMetonymization
alternative label: \dot{C}^\star
scope note: this is to be understood broadly, as in Peirce, and can be a very indirect connection; here, this is relevant as follows: a) in a grounded cognition, there are only dyadic representation relations between representamina and their referents that have a real causal connection with each other; b) in a metonymization, there must be a real causal connection between the old and the new referent

hasDirectCausalConnectionWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: Direct causal connection (in a broad sense)
sub property of: hasCausalConnectionWith
alternative label: \dot{C}
scope note: in particular, x and y are directly causally connected if (x isParticipantIn y), or if x and y are both steps in a process where x directly precedes y; however, spatiotemporal parthood is not enough to justify causal connectedness - x must actually play a role in bringing about y, or vice versa

hasImproperPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: Spatiotemporal (mereological) improper parthood relation; in other words, it is the reflexive closure of proper parthood: (x hasImproperPart y) means that all points within y are also within x
sub property of: overlapsWith
inverse of: isImproperPartOf

hasNecessityMode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x hasNecessityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is a modal IRI for 'necessarily x'
domain: RelationalIRI
range: ModalIRI
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

hasNegation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x hasNegation y) means that x and y are IRIs that can possibly occur in the predicate (middle) position of a triple, and that y is 'not x'; n.b., this is not a symmetrical relation, since 'not not x' is syntactically different from x
domain: RelationalIRI
range: RelationalIRI
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

hasPossibilityMode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x hasPossibilityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is a modal IRI for 'possibly x'
domain: RelationalIRI
range: ModalIRI
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

hasProperPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: (x hasProperPart y) means that y is an improper part of x such that x and y are not the same, in other words, all points within y are also within x, but not vice versa
sub property of: hasImproperPart
inverse of: isProperPartOf
alternative label: \dot{P}^-
scope note: Spatiotemporal (mereological) proper parthood relation

hasQualifiedNecessityMode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x hasQualifiedNecessityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is a qualified modal IRI for 'necessarily x'
domain: RelationalIRI
range: QualifiedModalIRI
sub property of: hasNecessityMode

hasQualifiedPossibilityMode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x hasQualifiedPossibilityMode y) means that x is a relational IRI and y is a qualified modal IRI for 'possibly x'
domain: RelationalIRI
range: QualifiedModalIRI
sub property of: hasPossibilityMode

hasRepresentamen
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Dyadic representation relation; (x hasRepresentamen y) means that there is a cognitive step z such that (x isReferentIn z) and (y isRepresentamenIn z)
sub property of: msHPIPHR
sub property of: msHRHPIP
sub property of: msHRIRHR
inverse of: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: isReferentIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isRepresentamenIn
alternative label: R^-

hasSubjectMatter
type: FunctionalProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x hasSubjectMatter y) means that x is a proposition or articulation that addresses the topic or sum (i.e., plurality) of topics y, i.e., that has y as its subject matter
range:
  union of: Topical
  union of: TopicalSum
sub property of: isAbout
alternative label: A
scope note: following Yablo, there is such a thing as *the* subject matter of something, in other words, hasSubjectMatter is a functional property

isAbout
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAbout y) means that x is a proposition and y is the object that x is related to by aboutness
domain:
  union of: Articulation
  union of: Proposition
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
alternative label: \hat{A}
scope note: it can make sense to use a structure or plurality to indicate the complex ways in which x can be about a combination of interrelated objects

isAccumulationConditionIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAccumulationConditionIn y) == in the accumulation process y, the condition x controls in what way the input and the additionally included elements interact to yield a combined output
domain: Proposition
range: Accumulation
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor

isAccumulationInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAccumulationInputIn y) == y is an accumulation where x is the input (initially given information), i.e., the first element; n.b., in an accumulation, the input needs to be constitutive of the output
range: Accumulation
sub property of: isInformationProcessingInputIn

isAccumulationOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAccumulationOutputIn y) == y is an accumulation where x is the output (combined information), i.e., the third element; n.b., in a selection, the input and any additionally included elements need to be constitutive of the output
range: Accumulation
sub property of: isInformationProcessingOutputIn

isActionInSteering
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isActionInSteering y) == y is a steering operation (reflection in actu) where x is an ongoing action, i.e., the second element, against which the telos is evaluated
domain: Action
range: Steering
sub property of: isObjectInTelesis
sub property of: isPerceivedIn
sub property of:
  inverse of: isProperParticipantIn

isActionInUndertaking
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isActionInUndertaking y) == y is an undertaking where x is the action that is undertaken, i.e., the third element
domain: Action
range: Undertaking
sub property of: isNewReferentInMetonymization
sub property of:
  inverse of: temporallyPrecedes

isAdmissibleUnitFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAdmissibleUnitFor y) means that x is a unit that can be associated with the variable y; subsumption under msHPIPIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is a description of admissible values of y) of which x is constitutive (and with which x hence overlaps)
domain: MeasurementUnit
range: Variable
sub property of: msHPIPIR

isAdmissibleValueFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAdmissibleValueFor y) means that y is a term that could in principle evaluate to the value x; subsumption under msIPIRIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the term y (where z is the range of admissible values of y), for which in turn there is another sign z' (where z' lists members of z, explicitly including x) of which x is a part
domain: Value
range: Term
sub property of: msIPIRIR

isAgentIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAgentIn y) means that x is *the* agent that conducts/undertakes the action y; n.b., an action has exactly one agent (which can be a straightforward item, or a plurality, a structure, or similar)
domain: Agent
range: Action
sub property of: isParticipantIn
alternative label: \ddot{P}_a

isAimIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAimIn y) means that y is a purposeful action, and x is one of the aims followed by the agent of y by undertaking y
domain: Intention
domain: Restriction
  on property: isGoalFor
  some values from: GoalDirectedAgent
range: Action
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: isTelosInSteering
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isActionInSteering
property chain axiom: isResolutionInUndertaking
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isActionInUndertaking
alternative label: R_\alpha

isAntecedentWithin
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAntecedentWithin y) means that x is the antecedent from the rule y
domain: Proposition
range: Rule
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

isAssertedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAssertedBy y) means that x is a claim that is affirmatively expressed/stated/uttered by the interlocutor y
domain: Claim
range: Interlocutor
sub property of: isExpressedBy
property chain axiom: isAssertedIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isSpeakerIn
alternative label: B

isAssertedIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isAssertedIn y) means that x is a claim that is affirmatively expressed/stated/uttered in the expressive act y (by its speaker)
domain: Claim
range: ExpressiveAct
sub property of: isExpressedIn

isAssessmentFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (g isAssessmentFor y) means that g is a ground for the cognitive step y, explaining how y is grounded in a way that provides a proposition on its validity, accuracy, and/or reliability, relating it to that of the previous step that directly grounds y
domain: Assessment
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isGroundFor

isAssignmentFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (d isAssignmentFor o) means that d: x = y is an assignment that refers to o
domain: Assignment
sub property of: isAbout
alternative label: \hat{A}_D
example: e.g., x may be thermodynamic temperature, y may be a temperature value, and o may be an object of which the temperature has been measured

isCausallyDisconnectedFrom
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (x isCausallyDisconnectedFrom y) means that between x and y there is no 'real causal connection' in the Peircean sense; therefore, x and y cannot be the old and new referents in a metonymization; similarly, x cannot act as a representamen for y in a grounded cognition (if it does, then the cognition is not grounded)
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo

isClaimOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isClaimOf y) means that the x is a proposition that has some kind of belief-like or knowledge-like epistemic status for the intelligent agent y
domain: Claim
range: IntelligentAgent
sub property of: overlapsWith
scope note: the agent y explicitly stores x, hence requiring spatiotemporal overlap between x and y

isCognitiveSubstepOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: In certain cases, multiple cognitive steps can be combined to yield one; e.g., the substep a: s - o - s' and the substep b: s' - o - s'' can be combined to yield a single triad, (a o b) = c: s - o - s''; in that case, c can be an element of a higher-order cognitive chain (of which it is a step), and a and b are its cognitive substeps
domain: CognitiveStep
range: CognitiveChain
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isStepInCognitiveChain

isConsequentWithin
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isConsequentWithin y) means that x is a consequent from the rule y
domain: Proposition
range: Rule
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

isConstitutiveOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isConstitutiveOf y) means that, by virtue of an interaction requiring spatiotemporal overlap, x contributes causally to y fulfilling a certain function, exhibiting certain properties, or relating to other objects in the way it does, thereby creating a direct causal connection between x and y
sub property of: hasDirectCausalConnectionWith
sub property of: overlapsWith
sub property of: underlies
property chain axiom: isSelectionOutputIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isSelectionInputIn
property chain axiom: isAccumulationInputIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAccumulationOutputIn
property chain axiom: isIncludedInAccumulation
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAccumulationOutputIn
alternative label: \ddot{C}

isContextOfRelation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isContextOfRelation y) means that x is an IRI for the modal context of qualified possibility/necessity in the relative modal IRI y
domain: ContextualIRI
range: QualifiedModalIRI
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

isContextWithinLaw
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isContextWithinLaw y) means that x is an IRI for the modal context of relatively necessary implication in the relative law y
domain: ContextualIRI
range: QualifiedLaw
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

isDesignParameterWithin
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isDesignParameterWithin y) == x is one of the parameters that make up the design space considered in the optimization problem y
domain: Conventional
range: OptimizationProblem
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

isDuplicateIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isDuplicateIn y) == y is a duplication step where x is the output (duplicate), i.e., the third element
range: Duplication
sub property of: isInformationProcessingOutputIn

isEvaluatedIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isEvaluatedIn y) == y is an evaluation (reflection ex post) where x is the action undergoing evaluation, i.e., the second element; n.b., the action needs to temporally precede the evaluation
domain: Action
range: Evaluation
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation
sub property of: isObjectInTelesis
sub property of: temporallyPrecedes

isEvaluationOutcomeIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isEvaluationOutcomeIn y) == y is a an evaluation (reflection ex post) where x is the resolution (evaluation outcome), i.e., the third element
range: Evaluation
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation
sub property of: isResolutionInTelesis

isEvaluatorIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isEvaluatorIn y) means that y is an evaluation and x is the interpreter in it
domain: GoalDirectedAgent
domain: Interlocutor
range: Evaluation
sub property of: isInterpreterIn
alternative label: \ddot{P}_e

isExaminationOutcomeIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isExaminationOutcomeIn y) == y is an examination where x is the examination outcome, i.e., the third element (e.g., yes the object agrees with the legisign, or it does so under this or that condition, etc.)
range: Examination
sub property of: isObservationOutcomeIn

isExaminedIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isExaminedIn y) == y is an examination where x acts as the examined object, i.e., the second element, for which it is assessed to what extent (in which way, under what additional conditions, etc.) it conforms with the legisign
range: Examination
sub property of: isObservedIn

isExpressedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isExpressedBy y) means that x is expressed/stated/uttered by the interlocutor y; n.b., this does not necessarily mean that y affirms x (for that, use the subproperty isAssertedBy)
range: Interlocutor
sub property of: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: isExpressedIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isSpeakerIn
alternative label: \dot{B}

isExpressedIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isExpressedIn y) means that x is expressed/stated/uttered in the expressive act y (by its speaker), possibly but not necessarily in an affirmative way
range: ExpressiveAct
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition

isFirstElementIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isFirstElementIn y) means that x acts as the first element in y, which is a triadic cognition
range: TriadicCognition
sub property of: isRepresentationalElementIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isTriadOf
alternative label: \dot{E}

isFirstInDyad
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isFirstInDyad d) means that x is the first element of the dyad d
domain: Conventional
range: Dyad
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
alternative label: \dot{E}_D

isFusionOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: x isFusionOf (y1 y2 ... yn) means that x is the spatiotemporal union (i.e., fusion) of all the elements included in the list (y1 y2 ... yn)
range: List
sub property of: isRelatedToList
alternative label: \sigma

isGoalFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isGoalFor y) means that to the goal-directed agent y, the telos x represents something that is to be reached.
domain: Intention
range: GoalDirectedAgent
sub property of: isGoalOf
sub property of: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: isAimIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAgentIn
property chain axiom: isTelosInSteering
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAgentIn
property chain axiom: isResolutionInUndertaking
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isAgentIn
alternative label: \dot{G}
example: In (x isGoalFor y), if the agent x wants to go to Paris, y is not physically the city of Paris as a 4D object, but rather the associated intention, i.e., a mental or textual representation of the agent achieving the objective and reaching Paris.
scope note: A goal is both a representamen for a state of affairs desired by the agent and a representamen for the agent itself.

isGoalOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isGoalOf y) means that y is a goal-oriented agent with the tendency to work toward a state of affairs that is described/represented by y; accordingly, the goal y is also a representamen for the agent itself; this does *not* imply that the agent x is aware of pursuing y as a goal, or that y is somehow included in x as a mental representation - for that purpose, use the relation 'isGoalFor'
domain: Intention
range: GoalOrientedAgent
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor

isGroundFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (g isGroundFor y) means that g is a representamen for the cognitive step y, explaining how y is grounded
domain: Ground
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isAbout
property chain axiom: isGroundingPropositionIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isGroundedStepIn
property chain axiom: groundsPresentStepIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isPresentStepInGrounding
alternative label: \ddot{R}
scope note: for g isGroundFor y, where x grounds y, there is a grounding metonymization where x is the old referent and y is the new referent of g

isGroundedStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isGroundedStepIn y) == y is a grounding step where x is the grounded step, i.e., the third element
domain: CognitiveStep
range: GroundingMetonymization
sub property of: isNewReferentInMetonymization

isGroundingPropositionIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isGroundingPropositionIn y) == y is a grounding step where x is the grounding proposition, i.e., the second element; therein, x is a ground for the grounded step, and x is also a ground for y itself
domain: Ground
range: GroundingMetonymization
sub property of: changesReferentInMetonymization
sub property of: isGroundFor

isGroundingStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isGroundingStepIn y) == y is a grounding step where x is the grounding step, i.e., the first element
domain: CognitiveStep
range: GroundingMetonymization
sub property of: isOldReferentInMetonymization

isHeldBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isHeldBy y) means that the claim x is consistently asserted by the knowledge base y whenever it is queried about it; if y extends significantly through time and changes opinion about x (i.e., it does not assert it consistently over the whole time), it cannot be said to hold x as a claim, merely to assert it; in this case, it may be advisable to define a (temporal) part y' of y which can then be said to hold x as a claim
domain: Claim
range: KnowledgeBase
sub property of: isAssertedBy

isImproperPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: Spatiotemporal (mereological) improper parthood relation; in other words, it is the reflexive closure of proper parthood: (x isImproperPartOf y) means that all points within x are also within y
sub property of: overlapsWith
inverse of: hasImproperPart
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isFusionOf
alternative label: P

isIncludedInAccumulation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isIncludedInAccumulation y) == y is an accumulation where x is combined with the accumulation input, yielding an output that x is constitutive of; n.b., x needs to act as a representamen for the object (e.g., as an interpretant from a preceding cognitive step with the same object)
range: Accumulation
sub property of: isParticipantIn

isInformationProcessingInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isInformationProcessingInputIn y) == y is an information-processing step where x is the input, i.e., the first element
range: InformationProcessing
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation

isInformationProcessingOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isInformationProcessingOutputIn y) == y is an information-processing step where x is the output, i.e., the third element
range: InformationProcessing
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation

isInitialStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isInitialStepIn y) means that y is a step in x (i.e., a subprocess of x) that is not preceded by any other step
domain: Process
range: Process
sub property of: isStepIn

isInterlocutorIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isInterlocutorIn y) means that x engages, jointly with other interlocutors, in the communication y
domain: Interlocutor
range: Communication
sub property of: isParticipantIn

isInterpretantIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isInterpretantIn y) == y is a semiosis where x acts as the interpretant, i.e., the third element
range: Semiosis
sub property of: isRepresentamenIn
sub property of: isThirdElementIn

isInterpretantInInterpretation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isInterpretantInInterpretation y) == y is an interpretation where x acts as the interpretant, i.e., the third element
range: Interpretation
sub property of: isInterpretantIn

isInterpretantInPerception
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isInterpretantInPerception y) == y is a perception where x acts as the interpretant, i.e., the third element
range: Perception
sub property of: isInterpretantIn

isInterpreterIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isInterpreterIn y) means that x is the (unique) agent who conducts/undertakes the cognitive action y
domain: Agent
range: CognitiveAction
sub property of: isAgentIn
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition

isJustificationFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isJustificationFor y) means that x is a grounding chain that provides epsitemic grounding for the cognition y, which thereby becomes a grounded cognition
domain: GroundingChain
range: GroundedCognition
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor

isLeftHandSideIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isLeftHandSideIn a) mans that a: x = y is an equality articulation with the term x as its left-hand side
domain: Term
range: EqualityArticulation
sub property of: isFirstInDyad
alternative label: \dot{E}_=

isLegisignIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isLegisignIn y) == y is an examination where x is applied to an object as a legisign, i.e., the first element, specifying patterns or rules the compliance with which is being assessed
range: Examination
sub property of: isObservationInputIn

isListenerIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isListenerIn y) means that x is one of the interlocutors listening to the speaker's expressive act y
domain: Interlocutor
range: ExpressiveAct
sub property of: isInterlocutorIn

isLiterally
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: points to the expression of a collective literal as an RDFS literal (e.g., xs:string or xs:decimal)
domain: CollectiveLiteral

isMagnitudeOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isMagnitudeOf y) means that x is the numerical magnitude of y, e.g., in 200 kPa, x would be 200
domain: Number
range: Value
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

isMaximizationObjectiveIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isMaximizationObjectiveIn y) == x is a maximization objective/criterion considered in the optimization problem y
domain: Conventional
range: Optimization
sub property of: isOptimizationObjectiveWithin

isMeasuredObjectIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isMeasuredObjectIn y) == y is a measurement where x acts as the object, i.e., the second element, that is subject to the measurement and for which a property is determined
range: Measurement
sub property of: isObservedIn

isMeasurementInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isMeasurementInputIn y) == y is a measurement where x serves as the input (sign), i.e., the first element, constituting the precondition in terms of available information and similar items
range: Measurement
sub property of: isObservationInputIn

isMeasurementOutcomeIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isMeasurementOutcomeIn y) == y is a measurement where x is the measurement outcome, i.e., the third element (e.g., the value that is determined for the considered property of the measured object, the measurement error, and any other outcome)
range: Measurement
sub property of: isObservationOutcomeIn

isMemberOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: membership relation, i.e., relation between an item/member and a collective
range: Collective
sub property of: isConstitutiveOf
sub property of: isProperPartOf
alternative label: \leq

isMemberOfPlurality
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isMemberOfPlurality y) means that x is a semiotic member of the plurality y, and that it participates in semiosis in the same way as its co-members x', x'', ... of the plurality y
domain:
  complement of:
    union of: Plurality
    union of: Structure
range: Plurality
sub property of: isSemioticMemberOf
alternative label: \lhd_p

isMemberOfStructure
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isMemberOfStructure y) means that x is a semiotic member of the structure y, and that it participates in semiosis differently from all of its co-members x', x'', ... of the structure y
domain:
  complement of: Structure
range: Structure
sub property of: isSemioticMemberOf
alternative label: \prec

isMereologicallyConstitutiveOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isMereologicallyConstitutiveOf y) means that x is constitutive of y by virtue of the way in which it is a proper part of y in 4D spacetime, e.g., as a necessary component of an item that was designed for a certain purpose
sub property of: isConstitutiveOf
sub property of: isProperPartOf

isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: Top mereosemiotic relation: Direct or indirect connection through mereotopological and semiotic relations

isMereotopologicalMemberOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isMereotopologicalMemberOf y) means that x is one out of several mereotopologically connected components of y
domain: Item
range: MereotopologicalCollective
sub property of: isMemberOf
sub property of: isMereologicallyConstitutiveOf

isMaximizationObjectiveIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isMaximizationObjectiveIn y) == x is a maximization objective/criterion considered in the optimization problem y
domain: Conventional
range: Optimization
sub property of: isOptimizationObjectiveWithin

isModelledIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isModelledIn y) == y is a modelling (model construction or parameterization) step where x acts as the modelled object (system, substance, process, or similar), i.e., the second element
range: Modelling
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation

isModellingInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isModellingInputIn y) == y is a modelling (model construction or parameterization) step where x is the input (previous or unparameterized model, knowledge about the modelled system, etc.), i.e., the first element
range: Modelling
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation

isModellingOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isModellingOutputIn y) == y is a modelling (model construction or parameterization) step where x is the modelling output (e.g., a parameterized or improved model), i.e., the third element
range: Modelling
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation

isNameFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isNameFor y), to be applied in the frequent special case where x is represented by a name for x, i.e., where social convention has established y as a rigid designator for x
domain: Name
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor

isNewReferentIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isNewReferentIn y) == y is a semantic change where x acts as the new referent, i.e., the third element
range: SemanticChange
sub property of: isReferentIn
sub property of: isThirdElementIn

isNewReferentInMetonymization
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isNewReferentInMetonymization y) == y is a metonymization where x acts as the new referent, i.e., the third element; the old and the new referent need to have a causal connection
range: Metonymization
sub property of: isNewReferentIn

isNewReferentInPartToWhole
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isNewReferentInPartToWhole y) == y is a part-to-whole synecdoche where x acts as the new referent (the whole), i.e., the third element
range: PartToWhole
sub property of: isNewReferentInSynecdoche

isNewReferentInSynecdoche
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isNewReferentInSynecdoche y) == y is a synecdoche where x acts as the new referent, i.e., the third element; the old and the new referent need to have a causal connection (n.b., the mereological relation in terms of proper parthood as such is insufficient)
range: Synecdoche
sub property of: isNewReferentInMetonymization

isNewReferentInWholeToPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isNewReferentInWholeToPart y) == y is a whole-to-part synecdoche where x acts as the new referent (the part), i.e., the third element
range: WholeToPart
sub property of: isNewReferentInSynecdoche

isObjectIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectIn y) == y is a semiosis where x acts as the object, i.e., the second element
range: Semiosis
sub property of: isReferentIn
sub property of: isSecondElementIn

isObjectInAccumulation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectInAccumulation y) == y is an accumulation where x is the object that the input and the output both represent, i.e., the second element
range: Accumulation
sub property of: isObjectInInformationProcessing

isObjectInDuplication
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectInDuplication y) == y is a duplication step where x is the object that the original and the duplicate both represent, i.e., the second element
range: Duplication
sub property of: isObjectInInformationProcessing

isObjectInInformationProcessing
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectInInformationProcessing y) == y is an information-processing step where x is the object that the input and the output both represent, i.e., the second element
range: InformationProcessing
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation

isObjectInInterpretation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectInInterpretation y) == y is an interpretation where x acts as the object, i.e., the second element; there is no need to the object of an interpretation to be present and participate in the interpretation process physically
range: Interpretation
sub property of: isObjectIn

isObjectInOptimization
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectInOptimization y) == y is an optimization where x is that which the optimization is ultimately about, i.e., the second element
range: Optimization
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation

isObjectInSelection
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectInSelection y) == y is a selection where x is the object that the input and the output both represent, i.e., the second element
range: Selection
sub property of: isObjectInInformationProcessing

isObjectInTelesis
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectInTelesis y) == y is a telesis where x acts as the object (action, claim, or situation against which an objective is evaluated), i.e., the second element
range: Telesis
sub property of: isObjectIn

isObjectOfApplicationIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectOfApplicationIn y) == y is an investigation-setup action where x acts as the object of application (e.g., the system to which a use case refers), i.e., the first element; n.b., there needs to be a causal connection between the object of application and the object of investigation
range: InvestigationSetup
sub property of: isOldReferentInMetonymization

isObjectOfInvestigationIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectOfInvestigationIn y) == y is an investigation-setup action where x acts as the object of investigation (e.g., the item subject to an experiment or a simulated process or system), i.e., as the third element; n.b., there needs to be a causal connection between the object of application and the object of investigation
range: InvestigationSetup
sub property of: isNewReferentInMetonymization

isObjectWithinTriple
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObjectWithinTriple y) means that y is a subject-predicate-object triple wherein x is the IRI of the object
domain:
  union of: IndividualIRI
  union of: ConceptualIRI
range: Triple
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

isObservationInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObservationInputIn y) == y is an observation where x designates input and/or advance knowledge relevant to the observation, i.e., the first element
range: Observation
sub property of: isSignInPerception

isObservationOutcomeIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObservationOutcomeIn y) == y is an observation where x is the observation outcome (the observed value of the target property), i.e., the third element
range: Observation
sub property of: isInterpretantInPerception

isObservedIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isObservedIn y) == y is an observation where x acts as the observed object, i.e., the second element, for which the value of a property is to be determined
range: Observation
sub property of: isPerceivedIn

isOldReferentIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isOldReferentIn y) == y is a semantic change where x acts as the old referent, i.e., the first element
range: SemanticChange
sub property of: isFirstElementIn
sub property of: isReferentIn

isOldReferentInMetonymization
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isOldReferentInMetonymization y) == y is a metonymization where x acts as the old referent, i.e., the first element; the old and the new referent need to have a causal connection
range: Metonymization
sub property of: isOldReferentIn

isOldReferentInPartToWhole
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isOldReferentInPartToWhole y) == y is a part-to-whole synecdoche where x acts as the old referent (the part), i.e., the first element
range: PartToWhole
sub property of: isOldReferentInSynecdoche

isOldReferentInSynecdoche
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isOldReferentInSynecdoche y) == y is a synecdoche where x acts as the old referent, i.e., the first element; the old and the new referent need to have a causal connection (n.b., the mereological relation in terms of proper parthood as such is insufficient)
range: Synecdoche
sub property of: isOldReferentInMetonymization

isOldReferentInWholeToPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isOldReferentInWholeToPart y) == y is a whole-to-part synecdoche where x acts as the old referent (the whole), i.e., the first element
range: WholeToPart
sub property of: isOldReferentInSynecdoche

isOptimizationObjectiveWithin
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isOptimizationObjectiveWithin y) == x is one of the optimization criteria that make up the objective space considered in the optimization problem y
domain: Conventional
range: OptimizationProblem
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

isOptimizationOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isOptimizationOutputIn y) == y is an optimization where x is the optimization output, i.e., the third element
range: Optimization
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation

isOptimizationProblemIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isOptimizationProblemIn y) == y is an optimization where x is the optimization problem, i.e., the first element.
domain: OptimizationProblem
range: Optimization
sub property of: isAimIn
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation
scope note: In (x isOptimizationProblemIn y), x is the aim/intention pursued by carrying out the optimization process y.

isOriginalIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isOriginalIn y) == y is a duplication step where x is the input (original version), i.e., the first element
range: Duplication
sub property of: isInformationProcessingInputIn

isOrthodataWithin
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isOrthodataWithin y) means that x articulates a substantial aspect of either the antecedent or the consequent side of the rule y
domain: DigitalArticulation
range: Rule
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
alternative label: \v{C}_\perp

isParadataWithin
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isParadataWithin y) means that x articulates something explicitly said to be unsubstantial to the rule y, and thereby semiotically constitutive of it, e.g., by a mechanism of logical subtraction
domain: DigitalArticulation
range: Rule
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
alternative label: \v{C}_\parallel

isParticipantIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isParticipantIn y) means that y is a process in which x plays a certain role (e.g., x is a well-defined step within y, or x is an object that undergoes some change within y, or x is a sign that is read or an object that is perceived within y); this requires a spatiotemporal overlap between x and y
range: Process
sub property of: hasDirectCausalConnectionWith
sub property of: overlapsWith

isParticipantInCognition
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isParticipantInCognition y) means that y is a cognition in which x is necessarily physically present and plays one of the roles characteristic for participation in a cognitive process as formalized by this ontology; this includes participation as a representamen, as a perceived object, as a step of a cognitive chain, or as an interpreter
range: Cognition
sub property of: isParticipantIn
alternative label: \ddot{P}_\kappa

isPerceivedIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isPerceivedIn y) == y is a perception where x acts as the perceived object, i.e., the second element; the perceived object is a (mereotopological) participant of the perception, in other words, it needs to be physically present so that it can be perceived
range: Perception
sub property of: isObjectIn
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition

isPerformanceMeasureOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isPerformanceMeasureOf y) means that x is the single/unique performance measure of the rational agent y.
domain: Property
range: RationalAgent
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
scope note: This does not require the agent to be aware of its performance measure or to somehow contain it or an internal representation of it.

isPredicateWithinTriple
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isPredicateWithinTriple y) means that y is a subject-predicate-object triple wherein x is the IRI of the predicate
domain: RelationalIRI
range: Triple
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

isPresentStepInGrounding
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isPresentStepInGrounding y) == y is a grounding interpretation where x is the second element, i.e., the considered cognitive step
domain: CognitiveStep
range: GroundingInterpretation
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation

isProperPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: Spatiotemporal (mereological) proper parthood relation; (x isProperPartOf y) means that x is an improper part of y such that x and y are not the same, in other words, all points within x are also within y, but not vice versa
sub property of: isImproperPartOf
sub property of: isTemporallyIncludedIn
inverse of: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: isOldReferentInPartToWhole
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isNewReferentInPartToWhole
property chain axiom: isNewReferentInWholeToPart
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isOldReferentInWholeToPart
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isFusionOf
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isFusionOf

isProperParticipantIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isProperParticipantIn y) is the conjunction of (x isProperPartOf y) and (x isParticipantIn y)
range: Process
sub property of: isParticipantIn
sub property of: isProperPartOf

isReferenceFrameFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (s isReferenceFrameFor s') means that s is a representamen that provides relevant context, such as presuppositions or preconditions, to the representamen s'
sub property of: sharesReferentWith
alternative label: \dddot{R}

isReferentIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isReferentIn y) == x occurs in the cognitive step y in the function of the/a referent of a representamen
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isRepresentationalElementIn

isRelatedToList
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Top property for multi-argument predicates that are implemented as 'x isRelatedToList (y1 y2 ... yn)', i.e., such that the object is an rdf:List
range: List

isRepresentamenFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Dyadic representation relation; (x isRepresentamenFor y) means that there is a cognitive step z such that (x isRepresentamenIn z) and (y isReferentIn z)
sub property of: msHPIPIR
sub property of: msIRHPIP
sub property of: msHRIRHR
inverse of: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isReferentIn
property chain axiom: isIncludedInAccumulation
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isObjectInAccumulation
property chain axiom: isGroundingPropositionIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isGroundingStepIn
property chain axiom: groundsNextStepIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isPresentStepInGrounding

isRepresentamenIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isRepresentamenIn y) == x participates in the cognitive step y in the role of the/a representamen
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition
sub property of: isRepresentationalElementIn

isRepresentationalElementIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isRepresentationalElementIn y) == x acts as a representamen or referent in the cognitive step y
range: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo

isResolutionInPlanning
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isResolutionInPlanning y) == y is a telesis carried out in advance of potentially undertaking an action, where x is the planning outcome, i.e., the third element
range: Planning
sub property of: isInterpretantInPerception
sub property of: isResolutionInTelesis

isResolutionInSteering
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isResolutionInSteering y) == y is a steering operation (reflection in actu) where x is the resolution, i.e., the third element
range: Steering
sub property of: isInterpretantInPerception
sub property of: isResolutionInTelesis

isResolutionInTelesis
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isResolutionInTelesis y) == y is a telesis where x acts as the resolution (a plan, revised objective, or other comparable sort of evaluation outcome), i.e., the third element
domain: Intention
range: Telesis
sub property of: isInterpretantIn

isResolutionInUndertaking
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isResolutionInUndertaking y) == y is an undertaking where x is the resolution (obtained from a previous telesis), i.e., the second element
domain: Intention
range: Undertaking
sub property of: changesReferentInMetonymization

isResultOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isResultOf y) if x is an outcome/result of the cognitive process y
domain: Restriction
  on property: isInterpretantIn
  some values from: Interpretation
range: Cognition
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition
alternative label: \bar{R}
example: outcomes/results of a research process can be a research data set, one or multiple knowledge claims, or some combination thereof such as a FAIR digital object
scope note: an outcome/result of a cognition must occur in the role of the interpretant somewhere within that cognition

isRightHandSideIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (y isRightHandSideIn a) mans that a: x = y is an equality articulation with the term y as its right-hand side
domain: Term
range: EqualityArticulation
sub property of: isSecondInDyad
alternative label: \ddot{E}_=

isSecondElementIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSecondElementIn y) means that x acts as the second element in y, which is a triadic cognition
range: TriadicCognition
sub property of: isRepresentationalElementIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isTriadOf
alternative label: \ddot{E}

isSecondInDyad
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (y isSecondInDyad d) means that y is the second element of the dyad d
domain: Conventional
range: Dyad
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
alternative label: \ddot{E}_D

isSelectionConditionIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSelectionConditionIn y) == in the selection process y, the condition x controls what constitutive element(s) of the input are retained as part of the output
domain: Proposition
range: Selection
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor

isSelectionInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSelectionInputIn y) == y is a selection where x is the input (initially given information), i.e., the first element; n.b., in a selection, the output needs to be constitutive of the input
range: Selection
sub property of: isInformationProcessingInputIn

isSelectionOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSelectionOutputIn y) == y is a selection where x is the output (retained information), i.e., the third element; n.b., in a selection, the output needs to be constitutive of the input
range: Selection
sub property of: isInformationProcessingOutputIn

isSemioticMemberOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSemioticMemberOf y) means that x acts as a representamen or as a referent jointly with other co-members of the same semiotic collective y
domain:
  complement of: Plurality
range: SemioticCollective
sub property of: isMemberOf
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
alternative label: \ddot\leq

isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf y) means that the evaluation or association with x plays a role in the way in which y functions as a representamen - n.b, this does not entail physical parthood; e.g., if 'q = 2f(p)' is given, the expression 'f(p) = ... (some term involving q)' may be seen as semiotically constituive of the first expression, precisely because it contains the right-hand side that was missing
range: Restriction
  on property: isRepresentamenFor
  some values from: Object
sub property of: isConstitutiveOf
alternative label: \v{C}

isSignIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSignIn y) == y is a semiosis where x acts as the sign, i.e., the first element
range: Semiosis
sub property of: isFirstElementIn
sub property of: isRepresentamenIn

isSignInInterpretation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSignInInterpretation y) == y is an interpretation where x acts as the sign, i.e., the first element
range: Interpretation
sub property of: isSignIn

isSignInInvestigation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSignInInvestigation y) == y is an investigation-setup action where x acts as a representamen, i.e., the second element, both for the object of application (to which it is initially applied) and the object of investigation (to which it is reassigned such that the investigation can take place)
range: InvestigationSetup
sub property of: changesReferentInMetonymization

isSignInPerception
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSignInPerception y) == y is a perception where x acts as the sign, i.e., the first element
range: Perception
sub property of: isSignIn

isSimulatedIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSimulatedIn y) == y is a simulation where x acts as the simulated object (system, substance, process, or similar), i.e., the second element
range: Simulation
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation

isSimulationInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSimulationInputIn y) == y is a simulation where x is the simulation input (model, etc.), i.e., the first element
range: Simulation
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation

isSimulationOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSimulationOutputIn y) == y is a simulation where x is the simulation output (computed property, higher-level model, or similar), i.e., the third element
range: Simulation
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation

isSituationInPlanning
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSituationInPlanning y) == y is a telesis carried out in advance of potentially undertaking an action, where x is the perceived present situation, i.e., the second element, against which the telos is evaluated
range: Planning
sub property of: isObjectInTelesis
sub property of: isPerceivedIn

isSituationInUndertaking
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSituationInUndertaking y) == y is an undertaking wherein x is the pre-existing situation, i.e., the first element
range: Undertaking
sub property of: isOldReferentInMetonymization

isSpatiotemporallyConnectedWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (x isSpatiotemporallyConnectedWith y) means that x and y overlap or are directly adjacent to each other at some point; i.e., there is a point p_x in x and a point p_y in y such that you can go from p_x to p_y without ever leaving the fusion (x U y)
sub property of: isTemporallyConnectedWith
property chain axiom: hasImproperPart

isSpatiotemporallyDisconnectedFrom
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (x isSpatiotemporallyDisconnectedFrom y) is the negation of (x isSpatiotemporallyConnectedWith y); i.e., to go from any point in x to any point in y, it is necessary to leave the fusion (x U y)
sub property of: doesNotOverlapWith

isSpeakerIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSpeakerIn y) means that x is (the only) speaker in the expressive act y, where the role of the speaker is to be understood as that of an agent that conducts/undertakes the expressive act, i.e., it is not limited to vocal speech
domain: Interlocutor
range: ExpressiveAct
sub property of: isAgentIn
sub property of: isInterlocutorIn

isStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isStepIn y) means that x and y are processes, where x is a proper part of y that plays a well-defined role within y (e.g., a task within a project, the execution of a single command within the execution of a program, etc.)
domain: Process
range: Process
range: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isInitialStepIn
  some values from: Process
range: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: isTerminalStepIn
  some values from: Process
sub property of: isProperParticipantIn

isStepInCognitiveChain
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isStepInCognitiveChain y) means that y is a cognitive chain that consists of multiple logically connected cognitive steps (following Peirce, these are typically triads, i.e., semioses and semantic changes), and that x is one of these steps
domain: CognitiveChain
domain: CognitiveStep
sub property of: isParticipantInCognition
sub property of: isStepIn

isSubjectWithinTriple
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isSubjectWithinTriple y) means that y is a subject-predicate-object triple wherein x is the IRI of the subject
domain: IndividualIRI
range: Triple
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf

isTargetPropertyIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isTargetPropertyIn y) means that cognitive action x targets y as the property for which a value is to be determined by observation or by theoretical or computational methods
domain: Property
range: CognitiveAction
sub property of: isRepresentamenFor
alternative label: \tilde{R}

isTelosIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isTelosIn y) == y is a telesis where x acts as the telos (initial guiding objective), i.e., the first element
domain: Intention
range: Telesis
sub property of: isSignIn

isTelosInEvaluation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isTelosInEvaluation y) == y is an evaluation (reflection ex post) where x acts as the telos (initial guiding objective), i.e., the first element
range: Evaluation
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation
sub property of: isTelosIn

isTelosInPlanning
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isTelosInPlanning y) == y is a telesis carried out in advance of potentially undertaking an action, where x acts as the telos (initial guiding objective), i.e., the first element
range: Planning
sub property of: isSignInPerception
sub property of: isTelosIn

isTelosInSteering
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isTelosInSteering y) == y is a steering operation (reflection in actu) where x acts as the telos (initial guiding objective), i.e., the first element
range: Steering
sub property of: isSignInPerception
sub property of: isTelosIn

Validation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isTelosInValidation y) means that y is a validation where x acts as the telos (initial guiding objective), i.e., the first element
range: Validation
sub property of: isTelosInEvaluation

isTemporallyConnectedWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (x isTemporallyConnectedWith y) means that there is a point in time where both x and y exist
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
property chain axiom: isSpatiotemporallyConnectedWith
property chain axiom: temporallyCoextendsWith

isTemporallyIncludedIn
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: (x isTemporallyIncludedIn y) means that the temporal extension of x is a proper part of the temporal extension of y
sub property of: temporallyOverlapsWith
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: temporallyCoextendsWith

isTerminalStepIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isTerminalStepIn y) means that y is a step in x (i.e., a subprocess of x) that does not precede any other step
domain: Process
range: Process
sub property of: isStepIn

isThirdElementIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isThirdElementIn y) means that x acts as the third element in y, which is a triadic cognition
range: TriadicCognition
sub property of: isRepresentationalElementIn
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: first
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: rest
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: isTriadOf
alternative label: \dddot{E}

isToolIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isToolIn y) means that x is employed by an agent during the action y
range: Action
sub property of: isParticipantIn
alternative label: \ddot{P}_\epsilon

isTopicalFactorIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isTopicalFactorIn y) means that x is combined with other subtopics into the topical proposition y, such that x and the other subtopics are not just standing beside each other, but exhibiting some meaningful interaction
domain:
  union of: Topical
  union of: TopicalSum
range: TopicalProduct
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
alternative label: \v{C}_T

isTopicalSummandIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isTopicalSummandIn y) means that x is one of the topics contained in y, a collection of topics that are not immediately closely related to each other
domain: Topical
range: TopicalSum
sub property of: isMemberOfPlurality
alternative label: \lhd_T
scope note: If multiple topics are combined in a way that relates them closely to each other, with some meaningful interaction between them, the relation isTopicalFactorIn should be used, and the whole should then be a topical product, not a topical sum

isTriadOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: 'x isTriadOf (e1 e2 e3)' is a shorthand for 'e1 isFirstElementIn x; e2 isSecondElementIn x; e3 isThirdElementIn x'
domain: TriadicCognition
range: List
sub property of: isRelatedToList
alternative label: 3

isUnitOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isUnitOf y) means that x is the unit of y, e.g., in 200 kPa, x would be kPa
domain: MeasurementUnit
range: Value
sub property of: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
alternative label: \v{C}_u

isEvaluatedIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isValidatedIn y) means that y is a validation where x is the cognitive action undergoing validation, i.e., the second element
domain: CognitiveAction
range: Validation
sub property of: isEvaluatedIn

isValidationOutcomeIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isValidationOutcomeIn y) means that x is the validity claim, i.e., the third element, obtained as an interpretant from the validation y
domain: ValidityClaim
range: Validation
sub property of: isEvaluationOutcomeIn

isValueInAssignment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (y isValueInAssignment a) mans that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x
domain: Value
range: Assignment
sub property of: isRightHandSideIn
alternative label: \ddot{D}

isVariableInAssignment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isVariableInAssignment a) mans that a: x = y is an assignment where a value y is assigned to the variable x
domain: Variable
range: Assignment
sub property of: isLeftHandSideIn
alternative label: \dot{D}

isVisualizationInputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isVisualizationInputIn y) == y is a visualization process where x is the input (a pre-existing representamen for the visualized object, e.g., a simulation result), i.e., the first element
range: Visualization
sub property of: isSignInInterpretation

isVisualizationOutputIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isVisualizationOutputIn y) == y is a visualization where x is the visualization output, i.e., the third element
range: Visualization
sub property of: isInterpretantInInterpretation

isVisualizedObjectIn
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x isVisualizedObjectIn y) == y is a visualization process wherein x is the visualized object, i.e., the second element
range: Visualization
sub property of: isObjectInInterpretation

logicallyPrecedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: (x logicallyPrecedes y) means that x and y are cognitive steps that are connected by a cognitive chain, leading from x and y, that does not contain a cognitive rupture
domain: Cognition
range: Cognition
sub property of: precedesStep
alternative label: \hookrightarrow^+
scope note: 'logicallyPrecedes' is the transitive closure of 'directlyGrounds'

msHPHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msHPHR Z) == hasProperPart o hasRepresentamen == there is a Y such that (Y isProperPartOf X) and (Z isRepresentamenFor Y)
sub property of: msHPHRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPHR
inverse of: msIRIP
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msHPHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHPHR o hasProperPart
sub property of: msHPHRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPHRHP
inverse of: msIPIRIP
property chain axiom: msHPHR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart

msHPHRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHPHR o overlapsWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPIRIP
property chain axiom: msHPHR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msHPHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHPHR o hasRepresentamen
sub property of: msHPIPHRHR
inverse of: msIRIRIP
property chain axiom: msHPHR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msHPHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHPHR o hasProperPart
sub property of: msHPHRHPIP
sub property of: msHPIPHRIP
inverse of: msHPIRIP
property chain axiom: msHPHR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf

msHPHRIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation hasProperPart o sharesRepresentamenWith
sub property of: msHPIPHRIR
inverse of: msHRIRIP
property chain axiom: msHPHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith

msHPIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msHPIPHR Z) == hasProperPart o isProperPartOf o hasRepresentamen == there is a Y such that (X overlapsWith Y) and (Z isRepresentamenFor Y)
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msHPIPHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msHRHP
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIPIRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msHRHP

msHPIPHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msHRHR
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRIRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msHRHR

msHPIPHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msHRIP
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msHRIP

msHPIPHRIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o sharesRepresentamenWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRIRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith

msHPIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msHPIPIR Z) == hasProperPart o isProperPartOf o isRepresentamenFor == there is a Y such that (X overlapsWith Y) and (Y isRepresentamenFor Z)
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msHPIPIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msIRHP
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIPHRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msIRHP

msHPIPIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o sharesReferentWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRHRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith

msHPIPIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msIRIP
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPHRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msIRIP

msHPIPIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation overlapsWith o msIRIR
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRHRHPIP
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: msIRIR

msHPIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msHPIR Z) == hasProperPart o isRepresentamenFor == there is a Y such that (Y isProperPartOf X) and (Y is RepresentamenFor Z)
sub property of: msHPIPIR
sub property of: msHPIRHPIP
inverse of: msHRIP
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msIPIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHPIR o hasProperPart
sub property of: msHPIPIRHP
sub property of: msHPIRHPIP
inverse of: msIPHRIP
property chain axiom: msHPIR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart

msHPIRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHPIR o overlapsWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPHRIP
property chain axiom: msHPIR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msHPIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation hasProperPart o sharesReferentWith
sub property of: msHPIPIRHR
inverse of: msIRHRIP
property chain axiom: msHPIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith

msHPIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHPIR o isProperPartOf
sub property of: msHPIPIRIP
sub property of: msHPIRHPIP
inverse of: msHPHRIP
property chain axiom: msHPIR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf

msHPIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHPIR o isRepresentamenFor
sub property of: msHPIPIRIR
inverse of: msHRHRIP
property chain axiom: msHPIR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msHRHP Z) == hasRepresentamen o hasProperPart == there is a Y such that (Y isRepresentamenFor X) and (Z isProperPartOf Y)
sub property of: msHPIPHRHP
sub property of: msHRHPIP
inverse of: msIPIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: hasProperPart

msHRHPHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHRHP o hasRepresentamen
sub property of: msHRHPIPHR
inverse of: msIRIPIR
property chain axiom: msHRHP
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msHRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msHRHPIP Z) == hasRepresentamen o hasProperPart o isProperPartOf == there is a Y such that (Y isRepresentamenFor X) and (Y overlapsWith Z)
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPIR
property chain axiom: msHRHP
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msHRHPIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHRHP o msIPHR
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRHPIPIR
property chain axiom: msHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msHRHPIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: chain relation msHRHP o msIPIR
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
property chain axiom: msHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msHRHPIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHRHP o isRepresentamenFor
sub property of: msHRHPIPIR
inverse of: msHRIPIR
property chain axiom: msHRHP
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msHRHR Z) == (hasRepresentamen)^2 == there is a Y such that (Y isRepresentamenFor X) and (Z isRepresentamenFor Y)
sub property of: msHPIPHRHR
sub property of: msHRHRHPIP
inverse of: msIRIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msHRHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHRHR o hasProperPart
sub property of: msHRHRHPIP
inverse of: msIPIRIR
property chain axiom: msHRHR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart

msHRHRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHRHR o overlapsWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPIRIR
property chain axiom: msHRHR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msHRHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHRHR o hasRepresentamen
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRIRIR
property chain axiom: msHRHR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msHRHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHRHR o isProperPartOf
sub property of: msHRHRHPIP
inverse of: msHPIRIR
property chain axiom: msHRHR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf

msHRHRIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation hasRepresentamen o sharesRepresentamenWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRIRIR
property chain axiom: msHRHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith

msHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msHRIP Z) == hasRepresentamen o isProperPartOf == there is a Y such that (Y isRepresentamenFor X) and (Y isProperPartOf Z)
sub property of: msHPIPHRIP
sub property of: msHRHPIP
inverse of: msHPIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf

msHRIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHRIP o hasRepresentamen
sub property of: msHRHPIPHR
inverse of: msIRHPIR
property chain axiom: msHRIP
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msHRIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msHRIP o isRepresentamenFor
sub property of: msHRHPIPIR
inverse of: msHRHPIR
property chain axiom: msHRIP
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msHRIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation sharesRepresentamenWith o hasProperPart
sub property of: msHRIRHPIP
inverse of: msIPHRIR
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
property chain axiom: hasProperPart

msHRIRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation sharesRepresentamenWith o overlapsWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPHRIR
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msHRIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation hasRepresentamen o sharesReferentWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith

msHRIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation sharesRepresentamenWith o isProperPartOf
sub property of: msHRIRHPIP
inverse of: msHPHRIR
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf

msHRIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation sharesRepresentamenWith o isRepresentamenFor
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRHRIR
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msIPHR Z) == isProperPartOf o hasRepresentamen == there is a Y such that (X isProperPartOf Y) and (Z isRepresentamenFor Y)
sub property of: msHPIPHR
sub property of: msIPHRHPIP
inverse of: msIRHP
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msIPHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIPHR o hasProperPart
sub property of: msHPIPHRHP
sub property of: msIPHRHPIP
inverse of: msIPIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart

msIPHRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIPHR o overlapsWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msIPHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIPHR o hasRepresentamen
sub property of: msHPIPHRHR
inverse of: msIRIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msIPHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIPHR o isProperPartOf
sub property of: msHPIPHRIP
sub property of: msIPHRHPIP
inverse of: msIPIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf

msIPHRIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation isProperPartOf o sharesRepresentamenWith
sub property of: msHPIPHRIR
inverse of: msHRIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith

msIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msIP Z) == isProperPartOf o isRepresentamenFor == there is a Y such that (X isProperPartOf Y) and (Y isRepresentamenFor Z)
sub property of: msHPIPIR
sub property of: msIPIRHPIP
inverse of: msHRHP
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msIPIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIPIR o hasProperPart
sub property of: msHPIPIRHP
sub property of: msIPIRHPIP
inverse of: msIPHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart

msIPIRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIPIR o overlapsWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msIPIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation isProperPartOf o sharesReferentWith
sub property of: msHPIPIRHR
inverse of: msIRHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith

msIPIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIPIR o isProperPartOf
sub property of: msHPIPIRIP
sub property of: msIPIRHPIP
inverse of: msHPHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf

msIPIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIPIR o isRepresentamenFor
sub property of: msHPIPIRIR
inverse of: msHRHRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msIRHP Z) == isRepresentamenFor o hasProperPart == there is a Y such that (X isRepresentamenFor Y) and (Z isProperPartOf Y)
sub property of: msHPIPIRHP
sub property of: msIRHPIP
inverse of: msIPHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: hasProperPart

msIRHPHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIRHP o hasRepresentamen
sub property of: msIRHPIPHR
inverse of: msIRIPHR
property chain axiom: msIRHP
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msIRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msIRHPIP Z) == isRepresentamenFor o hasProperPart o isProperPartOf == there is a Y such that (X isRepresentamenFor Y) and (Y overlapsWith Z)
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPHR
property chain axiom: msIRHP
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msIRHPIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: chain relation msIRHP o msIPHR
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
property chain axiom: msIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msIRHPIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIRHP o msIPIR
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRHPIPHR
property chain axiom: msIRHP
property chain axiom: msIPIR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msIRHPIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIRHP o isRepresentamenFor
sub property of: msIRHPIPIR
inverse of: msHRIPHR
property chain axiom: msIRHP
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msIRHRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation sharesReferentWith o hasProperPart
sub property of: msIRHRHPIP
inverse of: msIPIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
property chain axiom: hasProperPart

msIRHRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation sharesReferentWith o overlapsWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msIRHRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation sharesReferentWith o hasRepresentamen
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msIRHRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation sharesReferentWith o isProperPartOf
sub property of: msIRHRHPIP
inverse of: msHPIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf

msHRIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation sharesReferentWith o isRepresentamenFor
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRIRHR
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: sharesRepresentamenWith

msIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msIRIP Z) == isRepresentamenFor o isProperPartOf == there is a Y such that (X isRepresentamenFor Y) and (Y isProperPartOf Z)
sub property of: msHPIPIRIP
sub property of: msIRHPIP
inverse of: msHPHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf

msIRIPHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIRIP o hasRepresentamen
sub property of: msIRHPIPHR
inverse of: msIRHPHR
property chain axiom: msIRIP
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen

msIRIPIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIRIP o isRepresentamenFor
sub property of: msIRHPIPIR
inverse of: msHRHPHR
property chain axiom: msIRIP
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (X msIRIR Z) == (isRepresentamenFor)^2 == there is a Y such that (X isRepresentamenFor Y) and (Y isRepresentamenFor Z)
sub property of: msHPIPIRIR
sub property of: msIRIRHPIP
inverse of: msHRHR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

msIRIRHP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIRIR o hasProperPart
sub property of: msIRIRHPIP
inverse of: msIPHRHR
property chain axiom: msIRIR
property chain axiom: hasProperPart

msIRIRHPIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIRIR o overlapsWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHPIPHRHR
property chain axiom: msIRIR
property chain axiom: overlapsWith

msIRIRHR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation isRepresentamenFor o sharesReferentWith
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msIRHRHR
property chain axiom: msIRIR
property chain axiom: hasRepresentamen
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor
property chain axiom: sharesReferentWith

msIRIRIP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIRIR o isProperPartOf
sub property of: msIRIRHPIP
inverse of: msHPHRHR
property chain axiom: msIRIR
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf

msIRIRIR
type: ObjectProperty
comment: chain relation msIRIR o isRepresentamenFor
sub property of: isMereosemioticallyRelatedTo
inverse of: msHRHRHR
property chain axiom: msIRIR
property chain axiom: isRepresentamenFor

overlapsWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (x overlapsWith y) means that x and y share a spatiotemporal region where x and y intersect
sub property of: isSpatiotemporallyConnectedWith
sub property of: temporallyOverlapsWith
property chain axiom: hasImproperPart
property chain axiom: isImproperPartOf

precedesStep
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: 'precedesStep' is the transitive closure of 'directlyPrecedesStep'; (x precedesStep y) means that the processes x and y are, possibly indirectly, causally connected such that x needs to be concluded before y can commence
domain: Process
range: Process
sub property of: hasCausalConnectionWith
sub property of: temporallyPrecedes

providesJustification
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x providesJustification y) means that x is about some cognition z, providing a justification of it by referring to y, i.e., a grounding chain that establishes the epistemic status of z; thereby, x does not only affirm z, but also its grounding chain y
range: GroundingChain
sub property of: affirmsCognition

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (x realizes y) means that x, which is not a semiotic collective, is a literal or non-literal realization of the expression y
domain:
  complement of: SemioticCollective
range: Articulation
sub property of: isSemioticMemberOf

sharesReferentWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (X sharesReferentWith Z) == there is a Y such that both X and Z isRepresentamenFor Y
sub property of: msHPIPIRHR
sub property of: msIRHRHPIP

sharesRepresentamenWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (X sharesRepresentamenWith Z) == there is a Y such that Y isRepresentamenFor both X and Z
sub property of: msHPIPHRIR
sub property of: msHRIRHPIP

temporallyCoextendsWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: (x temporallyCoextendsWith y) means that x and y have exactly the same extension in time, i.e., disregarding their spatial extension
sub property of: temporallyOverlapsWith

temporallyOverlapsWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (x temporallyOverlapsWith y) means that there is an (extended) interval in time where both x and y exist
sub property of: isTemporallyConnectedWith
property chain axiom: overlapsWith
property chain axiom: temporallyCoextendsWith

temporallyPrecedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: (x temporallyPrecedes y) means that every point in x is earlier in time than every point in y; the spacetime regions x and y may be connected, but they cannot overlap temporally
sub property of: doesNotTemporallyOverlapWith
property chain axiom: hasProperPart
property chain axiom: isProperPartOf
property chain axiom: temporallyCoextendsWith

underlies
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: the relation 'underlies' is the transitive closure of the relation 'isConstitutiveOf'
sub property of: hasCausalConnectionWith

List
type: Class
comment: the first element is related to the list by rdf:first, the second by (rdf:rest o rdf:first), the third by (rdf:rest o rdf:rest o rdf:first), and so on; where the list ends, it is related by rdf:rest to rdf:nil
example: See also: https://ontola.io/blog/ordered-data-in-rdf/
scope note: Syntactic construct (x1 x2 x3 x4) used within the resource description framework (RDF) for a list

first
comment: relates a rdf:List to its first element
domain: List
example: e.g., if L = (x y z), this would be 'L rdf:first x'

rest
comment: relates a rdf:List to the part that remains when its first element is removed
domain: List
example: e.g., if L = (x y z), this would be 'L rdf:rest (y z)'; if a list has only one element, the rest is rdf:nil, e.g., if L = (x), such that 'L rdf:first x', this would be 'L rdf:rest rdf:nil'