IRI:
http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl
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Ontology source

Abstract

Copyright (c) 2006, Regents of the Research Group Ontologies in Medicine (Onto-Med), University of Leipzig, Germany. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. Neither the name of the Research Group Ontologies in Medicine (Onto-Med), University of Leipzig nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Table of Content

  1. Classes
  2. Object Properties
  3. Named Individuals
  4. Annotation Properties
  5. Namespace Declarations

Classes

abstractc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Abstract

Abstract individuals are independent from time and space (they are not in time and space). Examples: the number "2" or pi.
has super-classes
individualc
is disjoint with
concretec, space timec

actionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Action

Actions are occurents which are caused by some presential (the agent) at every (inner and outer) time-boundary of the chronoid framing the occurent.
has super-classes
occurrentc
has agentop some presentialc

amount of substratec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Amount_of_substrate

is equivalent to
mass entityc
has super-classes
continuousc
presentialc

awareness levelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Awareness_level

has super-classes
levelc
abstract part ofop some mental stratumc

biological levelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Biological_level

has super-classes
levelc
abstract part ofop some material stratumc

categoryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Category

Categories satisfy the following conditions: (1) Categories can be instantiated; (2) Categories can be predicated of other entities. Categories are defined intensional-with-an-s. They are, therefore, closely related to language.
has super-classes
itemc
has sub-classes
conceptc, ontological layerc, symbol structurec, universalc
is in domain of
has categorial partop, instantiated byop
is in range of
has categorial partop, has categoryop, instance ofop
is disjoint with
individualc

changec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Change

A change in the technical sense refers to a pair of process boundaries. Either at coinciding boundaries (then it comes close to notions like ``punctual'' or ``instantaneous event'' as well as ``moment'' -- in a temporal reading), or at boundaries at the opposite ends of a process of arbitrary extension. The notion of change is relative to contradictory conditions between which a transition takes place. These contradictions refer to some collection of pairwise disjoint universals.
has super-classes
occurrentc
has sub-classes
continuous changec, extrinsic changec, instantanuous changec, intrinsic changec
is disjoint with
historyc, processc

chemical levelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Chemical_level

has super-classes
levelc
abstract part ofop some material stratumc

chronoidc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Chronoid

Chronoids are entities sui generis. Every chronoid has exactly two extremal and infinitely many inner time boundaries which are equivalently called time-points.
has super-classes
temporal regionc
is in domain of
has time boundaryop
is in range of
time boundary ofop

conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Concept

has super-classes
categoryc
has sub-classes
functionc
is disjoint with
symbol structurec, universalc

concretec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Concrete

Concrete individuals have a relation to time or space (they are in time and space).
has super-classes
individualc
has sub-classes
occurrentc, presentialc, propertyc, property valuec, rolec, tokenc
is in domain of
has partop, part ofop
is in range of
has partop, has tokenop, part ofop
is disjoint with
abstractc, space timec

configurationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Configuration

We consider a collection of presential facts which exist at the same time-boundary. Such collections may be considered themselves as presentials, and we call them configurations. It is further required that configurations contain at least one material object.
has super-classes
presentialc
has sub-classes
situationc
is disjoint with
material boundaryc, material objectc

configuroidc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Configuroid

Configuroids are, in the simplest case, integrated wholes made up of material structure processes and property processes.
has super-classes
processc
has sub-classes
situoidc

continuousc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Continuous

is equivalent to
individualc and (not (discretec))
has super-classes
individualc
has sub-classes
amount of substratec, continuous processc, mass entityc

continuous changec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Continuous_change

For the purpose of formalizing continuous changes, a minimal chronoid universal D(c) is employed in order to capture the idea of observable differences during certain chronoids, whereas the change itself does not allow the observation of a difference. The predicate change(e1,e2, u1, u2, u, D(c)) is intended to formalize this approach. Continous changes occur over time (a chronoid).
is equivalent to
intrinsic changec
has super-classes
changec

continuous processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Continuous_process

Processes where all non-coinciding internal boundaries are intrinsic changes. These turn out as purely continuous processes, described e.g. in physics by differential equations.
has super-classes
continuousc
processc
is disjoint with
discrete processc

dependentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Dependent

is equivalent to
depends onop some itemc
has super-classes
individualc
has sub-classes
material boundaryc, propertyc, property valuec, relational rolec
is disjoint with
independentc

discretec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Discrete

has super-classes
individualc
has sub-classes
discrete presentialc, discrete processc

discrete presentialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Discrete_presential

has super-classes
discretec
presentialc
instance ofop some persistantc
has sub-classes
material objectc, material structurec
is disjoint with
mass entityc

discrete processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Discrete_process

Discrete processes are made up of alterations of extrinsic changes and states.
has super-classes
discretec
processc
is disjoint with
continuous processc

entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Entity

Everything which exists is called an entity.
is equivalent to
itemc or setc
has sub-classes
itemc, setc
is in domain of
instance ofop, member ofop
is in range of
has memberop

extrinsic changec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Extrinsic_change

Deprecated. Extrinsic changes are represented by change(e1,e2, u1, u2, u), where e1 and e2 are a pair of coincident process boundaries, and u1 and u2 are disjoint sub-universals of u.
is equivalent to
instantanuous changec
has super-classes
changec
is disjoint with
intrinsic changec

functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Function

A function F is a universal (conceptual structure) defined in purely teleological terms with respect to a given goal G which commonly is ascribed by means of has-function relation to entities that are the realizations of the function F, execute such a realization or are intended to do it.
has super-classes
conceptc
is in domain of
has function determinantop, has functional itemop, has goalop, has requirementop
is in range of
function determinant ofop, has functionop, realizesop

historyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#History

Histories consist of a number of process boundaries. We assume that any history can be embedded into a process, which then forms a foundation of the history. If it were not for this foundation, one would face the problem of singling out the right boundaries in order to get a natural history: It is not sensible to measure the temperature of a patient first, then determine his weight, followed by measuring his blood pressure and to consider these strangely arbitrary process boundaries as a history of the patient's body data.
has super-classes
occurrentc
is disjoint with
changec, processc

independentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Independent

has super-classes
individualc
has sub-classes
social rolec
is disjoint with
dependentc

individualc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Individual

Individuals are entities which cannot be further instantiated.
is equivalent to
(abstractc or concretec or space timec) and (dependentc or independentc) and (rolec or (individualc and (not (rolec))))
has super-classes
itemc
not (instantiated byop some itemc)
has sub-classes
abstractc, concretec, continuousc, dependentc, discretec, independentc, presentialc, relatorc, space timec
is in domain of
has functionop, on layerop, realizesop
is in range of
has function determinantop, layer ofop, role ofop
is disjoint with
categoryc

instantanuous changec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Instantanuous_change

Instantanuous changes are represented by change(e1,e2, u1, u2, u), where e1 and e2 are a pair of coincident process boundaries, and u1 and u2 are disjoint sub-universals of u. Instantanuous changes are therefore changes of properties on two coinciding time boundaries.
has super-classes
changec

intrinsic changec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Intrinsic_change

Deprecated. For the purpose of formalizing intrinsic changes, a minimal chronoid universal D(c) is employed in order to capture the idea of observable differences during certain chronoids, whereas the change itself does not allow the observation of a difference. The predicate change(e1,e2, u1, u2, u, D(c)) is intended to formalize this approach.
has super-classes
changec
is disjoint with
extrinsic changec

itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Item

An item is everything which is not a set. Also called ur-element.
is equivalent to
categoryc or individualc
has super-classes
entityc
not (has memberop some entityc)
has sub-classes
categoryc, individualc
is in domain of
abstract has partop, abstract part ofop, depends onop, necessary forop
is in range of
abstract has partop, abstract part ofop, depends onop, necessary forop
is disjoint with
setc

levelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Level

An ontological level, which is sth. more restricted and "part of" some gfo:Stratum.
has super-classes
ontological layerc
abstract part ofop some stratumc
has sub-classes
awareness levelc, biological levelc, chemical levelc, personality levelc, physical levelc
is in domain of
level ofop
is in range of
on levelop
is disjoint with
stratumc

linec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Line

is equivalent to
spatial boundary ofop some surfacec
has super-classes
spatial boundaryc

mass entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Mass_entity

has super-classes
continuousc
presentialc
is disjoint with
discrete presentialc

material boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Material_boundary

has super-classes
dependentc
presentialc
depends onop some material objectc
has sub-classes
material linec, material pointc, material surfacec
is disjoint with
configurationc, material objectc

material linec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Material_line

has super-classes
material boundaryc
boundary ofop some material surfacec
is disjoint with
material pointc, material surfacec

material objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Material_object

A material structure is an individual which satisfies the following conditions: it is a presential, it occupies space, it is a bearer of qualities, but other entities cannot have it as quality, and it consists of an amount of substrate, and it instantiates a persistant ("has identity").
is equivalent to
material structurec
has super-classes
discrete presentialc
framed byop some topoidc
framed byop exactly 1
is in domain of
framed byop
is in range of
framesop
is disjoint with
configurationc, material boundaryc

material persistantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Material_persistant

Material persistants are particular universals whose instances are material structures; they are related to those entities which are called sometimes continuants or objects, as apples, cars or houses. Material persistants capture the phenomenon of persistance through time of a material object. A material persistant P satisfies a number of neccessary conditions. For every material persistant P there exists a process P such that the set of instances of P coincides with the set of process-boundaries of P. This implies the existence of a chronoid c such that for every time-point t of c there exists exactly one instance of P at time point t.
has super-classes
persistantc
instantiated byop only material objectc

material pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Material_point

has super-classes
material boundaryc
boundary ofop some material linec
is disjoint with
material linec, material surfacec

material stratumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Material_stratum

According to (Poli,2001), the basic structure of the material stratum is a distinction of physical, chemical and biological levels. These levels can be further refined.
has super-classes
stratumc

material structurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Material_structure

has super-classes
discrete presentialc

material surfacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Material_surface

has super-classes
material boundaryc
boundary ofop some material objectc
is disjoint with
material linec, material pointc

mental stratumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Mental_stratum

In accordance with the work of R. Poli, we divide the psychological/mental stratum into the layer of awareness and the layer of personality. Awareness comprises most of what is studied by cognitive science (perception, memory, reasoning, etc). Personality on the other hand concerns the phenomenon of will and the way in which someone reacts to her experiences.
has super-classes
stratumc

occurrentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Occurrent

Occurents have temporal parts and thus cannot be present at a time-boundary. Time belongs to them, because they happen in time and the time of the occurent is built into it. The relation between an occurent and a chronoid is determined by the projection relation. Occurents are also called generalized processes in the GFO.
has super-classes
concretec
has sub-classes
actionc, changec, historyc, processc
is in domain of
has participantop, projects toop
is in range of
participates inop
is disjoint with
presentialc

ontological layerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Ontological_layer

Current version:
Beta
Ontological_layer, all of its subconcepts and the properties layer_of and on_layer are work in progress in a premature beta state.
has super-classes
categoryc
has sub-classes
levelc, stratumc
is in domain of
has categoryop, layer ofop
is in range of
on layerop

persistantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Persistant

Persistants are GFO's way to capture identity over time. GFO pursues an approach which accounts for persistence by means of a suitable universal whose instances are presentials. Such universals are called persistants. These do not change and they can be used to explain how presentials which have different properties at different times can nevertheless be the same.
has super-classes
universalc
instantiated byop some presentialc
has sub-classes
material persistantc

personality levelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Personality_level

has super-classes
levelc
abstract part ofop some mental stratumc

physical levelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Physical_level

has super-classes
levelc
abstract part ofop some material stratumc

pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Point

is equivalent to
spatial boundary ofop some linec
has super-classes
spatial boundaryc

presentialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Presential

A presential exists wholly at exactly one time boundary.
has super-classes
concretec
individualc
exists atop exactly 1
exists atop some time boundaryc
has sub-classes
amount of substratec, configurationc, discrete presentialc, mass entityc, material boundaryc
is in domain of
exists atop, occupiesop, participates inop
is in range of
has participantop, occupied byop
is disjoint with
occurrentc

processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Process

Processes are a special kind of occurent. Processes are directly in time, they have characteristics which cannot be captured by a collection of time boundaries.
has super-classes
occurrentc
has sub-classes
configuroidc, continuous processc, discrete processc, processual rolec, statec
is disjoint with
changec, historyc

processual rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Processual_role

Processual roles are dependent processes. They are roles with a process as context.
has super-classes
processc
rolec
role ofop some processc
is disjoint with
relational rolec, social rolec

propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Property

has super-classes
concretec
dependentc
is in domain of
has valueop
is in range of
value ofop
is disjoint with
relatorc

property valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Property_value

The concept of a property value reflects a relationship between the property of x and the same property as exhibited by another entity y.
is equivalent to
value ofop some propertyc
has super-classes
concretec
dependentc
is in domain of
value ofop
is in range of
has valueop

relational rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Relational_role

has super-classes
dependentc
rolec
role ofop some relatorc
is disjoint with
processual rolec, social rolec

relatorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Relator

has super-classes
individualc
is disjoint with
propertyc

rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Role

has super-classes
concretec
has sub-classes
processual rolec, relational rolec, social rolec
is in domain of
functional item ofop, role ofop
is in range of
has functional itemop, plays roleop

setc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Set

Set is a category pertaining to the individuals in the ZFC set theory.
has super-classes
entityc
is in domain of
has memberop
is in range of
member ofop
has members
empty setni
is disjoint with
itemc

situationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Situation

A situation is a special configuration which can be comprehended as a whole and satisfies certain conditions of unity, which are imposed by relations and categories associated with the situation. Herein, we consider situations to be the most complex kind of presentials.
has super-classes
configurationc

situoidc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Situoid

Situoids are processes whose boundaries are situations and which satisfy certain principles of coherence, comprehensibility, and continuity. They are regarded as the most complex integrated wholes of the world. A situoid is, intuitively, a part of the world which is a coherent and comprehensible whole and does not need other entities in order to exist. Every situoid has a temporal extent and is framed by a topoid.
has super-classes
configuroidc

social rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Social_role

has super-classes
independentc
rolec
is disjoint with
processual rolec, relational rolec

social stratumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Social_stratum

On the one hand, the social stratum is divided into Agents and Institutions. Agents are the bearers of the social roles that humans play. Institutions are defined as systems of interrelated social components. On the other hand, a social system can be seen as a network in which businesses, politics, art, language (and many other facets) both present their own features and influence each other.
has super-classes
stratumc

spacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Space

GFO uses Brentano space.
has super-classes
space timec
has sub-classes
spatial boundaryc, spatial regionc
is in domain of
occupied byop
is in range of
occupiesop, spatial boundary ofop
is disjoint with
timec

space timec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Space_time

has super-classes
individualc
has sub-classes
spacec, timec
is disjoint with
abstractc, concretec

spatial boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Spatial_boundary

Boundaries of regions are surfaces, boundaries of surfaces are lines, and boundaries of lines are points. As in the case of time-boundaries, spatial boundaries have no independent existence, i.e. they depend on the spatial entity of which they are boundaries.
is equivalent to
spatial boundary ofop some spacec
has super-classes
spacec
has sub-classes
linec, pointc, surfacec
is in domain of
spatial boundary ofop
is in range of
has spatial boundaryop
is disjoint with
spatial regionc

spatial regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Spatial_region

Space regions are mereological sums of topoids.
has super-classes
spacec
has sub-classes
topoidc
is disjoint with
spatial boundaryc

statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#State

A process without an instantanuous change at any of its inner time boundaries is called a state.
has super-classes
processc

stratumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Stratum

According to (Poli, 2001, 2002) (based on the philosopher Hartmann) we distinguish at least three ontological strata of the world: the material stratum, the mental/psychological stratum, and the social stratum stratum. Every entity of the world participates in certain strata and levels. We take the position that the layers are characterized by integrated systems of categories. Hence, a layer can be understood as a meta-category whose instances are categories of certain kinds. Among these levels specific forms of categorial and existential dependencies hold. For example, a mental entity requires an animate material object as its existential bearer.
has super-classes
ontological layerc
has sub-classes
material stratumc, mental stratumc, social stratumc
is in domain of
stratum ofop
is in range of
on stratumop
is disjoint with
levelc

surfacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Surface

is equivalent to
spatial boundary ofop some topoidc
has super-classes
spatial boundaryc

symbolc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Symbol

has super-classes
symbol structurec

symbol sequencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Symbol_sequence

has super-classes
symbol structurec
is in range of
sequence constituent ofop

symbol structurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Symbol_structure

has super-classes
categoryc
has sub-classes
symbolc, symbol sequencec
is in domain of
has tokenop
is disjoint with
conceptc, universalc

temporal regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Temporal_region

Time Regions are defined as the mereological sum of chronoids, i.e. time regions may consist of non-connected intervals of time.
has super-classes
timec
has sub-classes
chronoidc
is in range of
projects toop
is disjoint with
time boundaryc

timec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Time

The time model of GFO is based on Brentano and the glass continuum of Allen&Hayes.
has super-classes
space timec
has sub-classes
temporal regionc, time boundaryc
is disjoint with
spacec

time boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Time_boundary

Time boundaries depend on a chronoids (i.e. they have no independent existence) and can coincide.
has super-classes
timec
time boundary ofop some chronoidc
is in domain of
time boundary ofop
is in range of
exists atop, has time boundaryop
is disjoint with
temporal regionc

tokenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Token

has super-classes
concretec
instance ofop some symbol structurec
is in domain of
sequence constituent ofop

topoidc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Topoid

Topoids are connected compact regions of space. They have spatial boundaries.
has super-classes
spatial regionc
is in domain of
framesop
is in range of
framed byop

universalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Universal

Universals are immanent universals. They exist in re.
has super-classes
categoryc
instantiated byop some itemc
has sub-classes
persistantc, value spacec
is disjoint with
conceptc, symbol structurec

value spacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#Value_space

Property values usually appear in groups which are called value structures, value spaces or measurement systems. Each of these structures corresponds to some property. More intuitively, one could say that the property may be measured with respect to some measurement system. For instance, sizes may be measured with the values ``small'' ``big'' or ``very big'', which are the elements of one value structure. The notion of a value structure of a property is similar to a quality dimension in (Gardenfors, 2000). Further, value structures are related to quality spaces in DOLCE (Masolo, 2003}. A quality space consists of all ``quales'' (our property values) of some ``quality'' (our property). Often it seems to be the case that a notion of distance can be defined, and that certain layers of value structures are isomorphic to some subset of real numbers, which allows for a mapping of values to pairs of a real number and a unit, as in the case of ``10 kg''.
has super-classes
universalc

Object Properties

abstract has partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#abstract_has_part

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
has categorial partop, has partop
has domain
itemc
has range
itemc
is inverse of
abstract part ofop

abstract part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#abstract_part_of

The abstract part-of relation is denoted by p(x,y); the argument-types of this relation are not specified, i.e. we allow arbitrary entities to be arguments. We assume that p(x,y) satisfies the condition of a partial ordering, .i.e. the following axioms: reflexivity, antisymmetry and transitivity.

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
categorial part ofop, part ofop
has domain
itemc
has range
itemc
is inverse of
abstract has partop

agent inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#agent_in

has super-properties
causesop
participates inop
is inverse of
has agentop

boundary ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#boundary_of

has super-properties
depends onop
has sub-properties
spatial boundary ofop, time boundary ofop
is inverse of
has boundaryop

categorial part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#categorial_part_of

has super-properties
abstract part ofop
has sub-properties
category in layerop
is inverse of
has categorial partop

category in layerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#category_in_layer

has super-properties
categorial part ofop
is inverse of
has categoryop

caused byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#caused_by

has domain
occurrentc or presentialc
has range
occurrentc or presentialc
is inverse of
causesop

causesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#causes

has sub-properties
agent inop
is inverse of
caused byop

constituent part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#constituent_part_of

has super-properties
proper part ofop
is inverse of
has constituent partop

depends onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#depends_on

This relation captures the notion of existential dependence.
has sub-properties
boundary ofop
has domain
itemc
has range
itemc
is inverse of
necessary forop

exists atop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#exists_at

has characteristics: functional

has domain
presentialc
has range
time boundaryc

framed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#framed_by

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
occupiesop
has domain
material objectc
has range
topoidc
is inverse of
framesop

framesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#frames

has characteristics: inverse functional

has domain
topoidc
has range
material objectc
is inverse of
framed byop

function determinant ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#function_determinant_of

has sub-properties
functional item ofop, goal ofop, requirement ofop
has range
functionc
is inverse of
has function determinantop

functional item ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#functional_item_of

has super-properties
function determinant ofop
has domain
rolec
is inverse of
has functional itemop

goal ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#goal_of

"goal" here refers to "final state" in (Burek, 2006).
has super-properties
function determinant ofop
has domain
configurationc or configuroidc
is inverse of
has goalop

has boundaryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_boundary

has characteristics: inverse functional

has sub-properties
has spatial boundaryop, has time boundaryop
is inverse of
boundary ofop

has categorial partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_categorial_part

has super-properties
abstract has partop
has domain
categoryc
has range
categoryc
is inverse of
categorial part ofop

has categoryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_category

has domain
ontological layerc
has range
categoryc
is inverse of
category in layerop

has constituent partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_constituent_part

has super-properties
has proper partop
has domain
configurationc or configuroidc
is inverse of
constituent part ofop

has functionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_function

has domain
individualc
has range
functionc
is inverse of
function ofop

has function determinantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_function_determinant

has sub-properties
has functional itemop, has goalop, has requirementop
has domain
functionc
has range
individualc
is inverse of
function determinant ofop

has functional itemop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_functional_item

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
has function determinantop
has domain
functionc
has range
rolec
is inverse of
functional item ofop

has goalop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_goal

has super-properties
has function determinantop
has domain
functionc
is inverse of
goal ofop

has left time boundaryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_left_time_boundary

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
has time boundaryop
is inverse of
left boundary ofop

has memberop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_member

has domain
setc
has range
entityc
is inverse of
member ofop

has partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_part

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
abstract has partop
has sub-properties
has proper partop
has domain
concretec
has range
concretec
is inverse of
part ofop

has participantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_participant

has domain
occurrentc
has range
presentialc
is inverse of
participates inop

has proper partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_proper_part

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
has partop
has sub-properties
has constituent partop
is inverse of
proper part ofop

has requirementop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_requirement

has super-properties
has function determinantop
has domain
functionc
is inverse of
requirement ofop

has right time boundaryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_right_time_boundary

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
has time boundaryop
is inverse of
right boundary ofop

has sequence constituentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_sequence_constituent

is inverse of
sequence constituent ofop

has spatial boundaryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_spatial_boundary

has super-properties
has boundaryop
has range
spatial boundaryc
is inverse of
spatial boundary ofop

has time boundaryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_time_boundary

has super-properties
has boundaryop
has sub-properties
has left time boundaryop, has right time boundaryop
has domain
chronoidc
has range
time boundaryc
is inverse of
time boundary ofop

has tokenop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_token

has super-properties
instance ofop
has domain
symbol structurec
has range
concretec
is inverse of
token ofop

has valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#has_value

has domain
propertyc
has range
property valuec
is inverse of
value ofop

instance ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#instance_of

The instantiation relation holds between a category and an item. It is not a relation between categories and individuals due to higher order categories such as "species".
has sub-properties
has tokenop
has domain
entityc
has range
categoryc
is inverse of
instantiated byop

instantiated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#instantiated_by

has domain
categoryc
is inverse of
instance ofop

layer ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#layer_of

has sub-properties
level ofop, stratum ofop
has domain
ontological layerc
has range
individualc
is inverse of
on layerop

left boundary ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#left_boundary_of

Left boundary of a chronoid.

has characteristics: inverse functional

is inverse of
has left time boundaryop

level ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#level_of

has super-properties
layer ofop
has domain
levelc
is inverse of
on levelop

member ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#member_of

has domain
entityc
has range
setc
is inverse of
has memberop

necessary forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#necessary_for

has domain
itemc
has range
itemc
is inverse of
depends onop

occupied byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#occupied_by

has characteristics: inverse functional

has domain
spacec
has range
presentialc
is inverse of
occupiesop

occupiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#occupies

has characteristics: functional

has sub-properties
framed byop
has domain
presentialc
has range
spacec
is inverse of
occupied byop

on layerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#on_layer

has sub-properties
on levelop, on stratumop
has domain
individualc
has range
ontological layerc
is inverse of
layer ofop

on levelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#on_level

has super-properties
on layerop
has range
levelc
is inverse of
level ofop

on stratumop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#on_stratum

has super-properties
on layerop
has range
stratumc
is inverse of
stratum ofop

part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#part_of

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
abstract part ofop
has sub-properties
proper part ofop, sequence constituent ofop
has domain
concretec
has range
concretec
is inverse of
has partop

participates inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#participates_in

has sub-properties
agent inop
has domain
presentialc
has range
occurrentc
is inverse of
has participantop

plays roleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#plays_role

has domain
thingc
has range
rolec

projection ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#projection_of

has characteristics: inverse functional

is inverse of
projects toop

projects toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#projects_to

has characteristics: functional

has domain
occurrentc
has range
temporal regionc
is inverse of
projection ofop

proper part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#proper_part_of

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
part ofop
has sub-properties
constituent part ofop
is inverse of
has proper partop

realized byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#realized_by

is inverse of
realizesop

realizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#realizes

has domain
individualc
has range
functionc
is inverse of
realized byop

requirement ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#requirement_of

"requirement" here refers to "initial state" in (Burek, 2006).
has super-properties
function determinant ofop
has domain
configurationc or configuroidc
is inverse of
has requirementop

right boundary ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#right_boundary_of

Right boundary of a chronoid.

has characteristics: inverse functional

is inverse of
has right time boundaryop

role ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#role_of

has domain
rolec
has range
individualc

sequence constituent ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#sequence_constituent_of

has super-properties
part ofop
has domain
tokenc
has range
symbol sequencec
is inverse of
has sequence constituentop

spatial boundary ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#spatial_boundary_of

has super-properties
boundary ofop
has domain
spatial boundaryc
has range
spacec
is inverse of
has spatial boundaryop

stratum ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#stratum_of

has super-properties
layer ofop
has domain
stratumc
is inverse of
on stratumop

time boundary ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#time_boundary_of

has super-properties
boundary ofop
has domain
time boundaryc
has range
chronoidc
is inverse of
has time boundaryop

value ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#value_of

has domain
property valuec
has range
propertyc
is inverse of
has valueop

Named Individuals

empty setni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#empty_set

belongs to
setc

Annotation Properties

commentap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment

version infoap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

default namespace
http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl#
ontologies
http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni.