gist Core

An agreement having a balance, as in a bank account, or credit card account, or Accounts Receivable account.

A device that can affect the real world via a message interface

A reference to a place (real or virtual) that can be located by some routing algorithm, and where messages or things can be sent to or retrieved from. E.g. PO Box or URL to a PDF file.

Something which two or more People or Organizations mutually commit to do.

A measurement of two-dimensional space.

A unit of two-dimensional area, such as square inches or hectares.

An intentional, person-made thing, which could be physical or content

A very general term for the characteristic of something that is being measured. E.g., property (height) or a process (cycle time) or a behavior (loyalty).

An amount decremented or incremented by a series of transactions.

A primitive unit that cannot be decomposed into other units. It can be converted from one measurement system to another. The base units in gist are the seven primitive units from the System Internationale (SI): (meter, second, kilogram, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela), plus three convenience ones: each. bit and usDollar.

A way of categorizing events. E.g., differentiating drilling versus cutting.

A man-made structure for dwelling or working.

Any combination of descriptions of things offered together. Could be a kit (several parts offered together), but could also be a product plus a warranty.

A description of a product or service to be delivered, given in a sufficient level of detail that a receiver could determine whether delivery constituted discharge of the obligation to deliver.

In short, an unambiguous characterization of what it is that a potential buyer is paying for.

A concept or label used to categorize other instances informally. Things that can be thought of as types are usually Categories.

Often a 'bucket' can be modeled either as an owl:Class or as a gist:Category. Use the latter if you don't care much about the formal structure of the different types, or if there is a whole hierarchy of types that are going to be managed by a group separate from the ontology developers. The formal structure may be defined elsewhere and linked to, if necessary.

Tags used in folksonomies; formal definitions from other systems.

A ratio unit whose numerator and denominator reduce to 1

A ratio unit whose numerator and denominator reduce to 1

A unit that is expressed in units that have no conversions. It may be a simple unit. It may also be a product or ratio unit that bottoms out in simple units.

In principle, the CoherentUnit for a ProductUnit or RatioUnit can be inferred by recursively decomposing the products and ratios into their respective CoherentUnits, bottoming out in SimpleUnits

A simple unit: kilogram

The standard unit for acceleration is meters per square second (feet per square second  requires a conversion)

Any identifiable grouping of instances. For instance, a jury is a collection of people.

A jury is a group of people,   a financial ledger is a collection of transaction entries; a route is an (ordered) collection of segments.

An obligation (possibly unilateral).

A component is an artifact that contributes to a system. Could be a simple mechanical component, such as the float contributing to the toilet tank maintaining a constant level, or much more complex as in the internet of things.

An event that has already started but has not yet ended.

When the event actually ends, it will cease being contemporaneous.

A document, program, image, etc. (Categories are not content until they are written down.)

Intellectual Property reduced to text, audio etc. If it contains text (written or spoken), it may be in a language.

An event with a probability of happening in the future, and usually dependent upon some other event or condition.

An obligation that is not yet firm. There is some contingent event, the occurrence of which will cause the obligation to become firm.

A contingent obligation might have a getter counterparty (as in the case of insurance); but it might not (as in the case of an offer).

An Agreement which can be enforced by law

A specification of some aspect of a contract.

A collection of terms approved and managed by some organization or person.

A device that takes messages or signals from a sensor and decides through algorithms whether and which actuator to fire via messages

A kind of controller.

A measure that involves countable amounts (?eaches? as well as cases, etc.). Can be decimal.

Count is not disjoint with all the other magnitudes, as there are some magnitudes that could conceivably be counted.

A unit of counting, especially ?each?, but also units such as dozens.

The geopolitical body that governs a geopolitical region recognized as a country.

A unit of money. Note: this is the only unit whose conversion factors include time (i.e., the conversion rates change on a daily basis).

A unit to measure amounts of digital information.

A point in time known only to the accuracy of one day. Say the signing of the declaration of independence on 7/4/1776

The difficulty of reversing a commitment.

A car rental typically has a lower degree of commitment than an airfare reservation.

A unit to measure linear distance, such as feet or kilometers.

Time, but not on a timeline.

Intervals have durations, but are not themselves durations.

One week (or seven days), but not Jan 1, 2008 to Jan 7, 2008 (which is an interval).

A unit to measure passage of time: hours, days, years.

A flow of electric charge.

Unit of electrical current, which is charge per unit time. The SI unit is the ampere. (Note that electrical current is a composed unit.)

Any place an electronic message (email, fax, etc.) can be sent.

An email address is a unique identifier for an email account. It is used to both send and receive email messages over the Internet.

Tangible property other than land or buildings. Any kind of equipment, could be machine, router, car etc.

Categories of equipment

Something happening over some period of time, often characterized as some kind of activity being carried out by some person, organization, or software application.

A measure of distance, which could be distances over the Earth, and could also be height, width, length, depth, girth, etc.

Content which is in a particular format. (E.g., HTML, PDF, JPG.)

A function is what a specific made item is intended to do. For instance: transmit electricity, provide ballast, control ambient temperature.

The real-world media type for content.

Audio, still image, video, textual, physical (e.g., a statue), or performance (i.e. a play).  Or it could be oil or pastel for a painting.

An individual point on the Earth's surface, identified by latitude, longitude and altitude. If altitude is missing, it is assumed to be at the Earth's surface. However, altitude is measured from sea level. these points are to the WGS-84 coordinate system using the GPS decimal lat/long

Assume coordinate system used by Google (WGS 84 Web Mercator).

A collection of GeoRegions that are being administered by a Government Organization

A bounded region (or set of regions) on the surface of the Earth.

A GeoRegion has an area, but it is not itself an instance of the Area class. (Area in gist is a magnitude).

The bounded shape that defines the region occupied by Crater Lake; the bounded area known as the contiguous USA.

An ordered set of GeoPoints that defines a path from starting point to ending point.

A single portion of a GeoRegion which has been divided (i.e., segmented).

A three-dimensional space on or near the surface of the Earth, such as an oil reservoir, the body of a lake, or an airspace.

A specific intentional endpoint. One can tell whether it has been achieved, as opposed to an intention, which may not have an evaluation function.

An organization established either by fiat (as a conquering army overtakes a land and declares a government) or by delegation from a fiat government, such as a state or local government or a specific agency. Differs from a corporation in that it cannot be owned.

Establishment by a CountryGovernment may be indirect via local, regional, or national GovernmentOrganization(s) that ultimately are recognized by a CountryGovernment.

The State of Washington Office of Financial Management; the Food and Drug Administration; the Scottish Parliament.

By default time instants are expressed in Greenwich, if you need to be explicit (to calculate offset for instance)

A collection of People. The group may or may not be an Organization. Many organizations consist of groups of people, but that is not a defining characteristic.

An event which occurred in time, with an actual end earlier than the present moment.

A point in time known only to the accuracy of one minute. For things like calendar appointments and time reporting

Content that is used to uniquely identify something or someone.

This is used in conjunction with gist:isIdentifiedBy

SSN for a person; serial number for a product; employee ID.

An amount of data, such as 6 petabytes, or 640KB.

A work, invention or concept, independent of its being expressed in text, audio, video, image, or live performance. IP can also be tacit knowledge, know-how, or skill. Also includes Brands.

For literature this could be called the ?Work?, except that ?work? is a highly overloaded term (expenditure of energy, resource consumption, art). Often the first expression precedes our recognition of the IP, but subsequent expressions are known to be derivatives of the IP, even if they are expression-to-expression translations (or copies).

The Old Man and The Sea; the Page Rank algorithm; Coca Cola

Goal, desire, aspiration. This is the "teleologic" aspect of the system that indicates things are done with a purpose.

Something permanently attached to the Earth.

A recognized, organized set of symbols and grammar.

Natural languages such as English and Spanish; computer languages such as OWL, Python, and XML.

Something that is now, or at some point in time was, alive and growing.

In the open world, you must assume that it might have since died.

Negative examples: fictional life forms such as Unicorns or Mickey Mouse.

A cat, a mushroom, a tree.

A point in time expressed relative to a local time zone. Can be converted to Universal Time using the time zone offset. The precision is used to state how precise this instant is. Typical values would be day, hour, minute or second.

A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. This is based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.

The measure of brightness. The SI unit is the candela.

Base class for units which can be converted. The primitive units can be converted from one measurement system to another; the complex units (ratio or product) have to decompose to their primitives.

The precision should be in the same type of unit as the magnitude.

Magnitude of mass.

A unit representing the amount of matter in a particle or object. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram.

A digitized type that computer applications can recognize.

A physicality on which a work could be implemented or exposed. E.g., paper, clay, or a computer monitor.

A specific instance of content sent from an Organization, Person, or Application to at least one other Organization, Person, or Application.

An email message, a phone call, a voice message, or a Web Service message.

Each pulse from a Sensor is reflected in a message, as well as each instruction to an Actuator

Amount of a substance, as counted molecules.

Amount of chemical material. Measured in Avogadro units (moles) of 6.02 x 10^23 molecules.

A special type of magnitude, due to the way rounding is handled in math and the temporal aspect of conversion.

A network is a set of nodes connected by links.

A physical network could include connected computers or routers, whereas a social network would consist of related Person or Organization instances.

An abstract representation of the connection between two or more nodes in a network.

Each NetworkLink is connected to a NetworkNode via the property 'gist:links' or one of its subproperties.

A network link may be physical, such as pipes, wired or wireless networks, but may also be a link in a non-physical network, such as organizational structures or social networks.

A node in a network.

A person is a node in a social network; a valve is a node in a network of pipes.

A future commitment from one organization or person to another. Contracts are sets of obligations to do or forbear, or to indemnify or warrant.

Obligations will often be governed by some Agreement or Offer.

A commitment to buy or sell a described or identified part or service.

A collection in which the members are sequentially ordered. All members of an OrderedCollection are OrderedMembers.

Includes collections in which members occupy the same position in a 'tie,' but not empty collections.

A member of an ordered collection serving as a proxy for a real world item, which can appear in different orders in different collections. The ordered member appears in exactly one ordered collection.

An ordered member points to the real world item via the providesOrderFor property. Ordering information is represented either as a number in a sequence, or by preceding or following another ordered member.

A person may rank 12th in the Boston Marathon but 29th in the New York City Marathon.

A generic organization that can be formal or informal, legal or non-legal. It can have members, or not.

There are a plethora of different kinds of organizations that differ along many facets, including members, structure, purpose, legal vs. non-legal, etc.

Legal entities like companies; non-legal entities like clubs, committees, or departments.

A ratio where the numerator and denominator are of the same unit of measure.

There are various ways to represent percentage: 50/100 could be represented as ?50? or ?0.5?. gist uses the latter, as it involves fewer conversions for subsequent use.

A description of things one is permitted to do. This could be broad, such as free speech, but more often is very specific, such as the right of egress through a particular property.

A human being that may or may not still be alive.

Negative example:fictional characters.

The things that a sensor can sense, such as light, heat, current, moisture, etc.

The effects to be realized in the real world, such as lifting a garage door, turning off a valve, dropping cadmium rods, etc.

An event that can be said to have occurred at some place in space.

A meeting, a car accident.

Negative examples: Excludes events that have no meaningful location, such as financial events or project milestones.

You could, at least in principle, put an RFID tag on members of this class. Physical things are made of something. E.g., statues are made of bronze.

In practice, this always means that the parts are not the same kind of thing as the whole.

A computer, a book.

Negative example: A discontinuous thing like a manufacturing line cannot reasonably have an RFID attached to it, even though its parts are not the same kind of thing as the whole.

Non corporeal material, i.e. 'stuff' which can be divided into parts where each part retains its essence.

An instance of this class must be a physical thing, and not just a categorical description.

An amount of water, of penicillin, of sand, of gold. An actual piece of gold, not gold the concept.

Union of all the geo classes

An event which, at the time it is created, is to occur in the future.

A set of codes the postal authorities can use to deliver physical mail.

A street address, a PO Box, an FPO code, or the route codes.

Any of many ways of categorizing products, including models, NATO product codes, and the like.

A magnitude expressed as a product of primitives. (E.g., Force = M*A).

Offering something which could be physically warehoused or digitally stored.

A unit of measure that is the product of two simpler ones.

Area and Volume are the classic cases.  But other, more exotic cases exist, such as Newtons.

A project is a task (usually a longer duration task) made up of other tasks.

This is a number whose unit of measure is a ratio.

A RatioMagnitude just has one decimal value.

Speed.  The ratio magnitude is 60, the unit of measure might be MilesPerHour.

A UnitOfMeasure composed of a numerator unit and a denominator unit.

If needed, a conversion factor for a RatioUnit can be (recursively) derived from the conversion factors of the numerator and denominator units. E.g., the derived conversion factor from km/minute to meters/second is 1000/60 or 16 2/3.

Miles per hour.

A measure that was neither measured nor estimated but set by fiat. For instance, a goal. There is no Measurement associated with a ReferenceValue.

Content which has been expressed, either to print, or through speakers, or on a monitor.

A documented physical or functional need that a particular design, product, or process must be able to perform. Alternately, the obligation of a person or organization to behave in a certain way (i.e., drive on the right side of the road).

A description of things one is prevented from doing. Most laws are restrictions.

A task planned to occur. When it was scheduled, it would have been in the future, but now might be in the past.

Superclass for all types of metadata, including owl concepts (such as class) and relational (tables, elements) and tool related (queries, R2RML maps etc etc)

A device that can detect something and report it. Light sensors, temperature sensors,

A description of something that can be done for a person or organization (which produces some form of an act).

Each simple unit has a base unit and a conversion factor to the base. The bases are from the System International (SI). The conversion factor is the number which one multiplies a Unit by to get to base, or divides by to get from base. E.g., the convertToBase for inch is 0.0254 to get to the base unit (meter).

A set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service.

An address which references a fixed location in the physical world.

This excludes addresses not associated with a fixed location, such as a PO box or FPO code.

The street address of a building, a park, campground, or an empty lot.

A system is an artifact with component parts where the parts contribute to the goal of the system

A point in time known to the accuracy of a millisecond. For posting transaction recorded on times

This is for folksonomy type terms, which can be made up on the fly by users.

A task which has been defined and either scheduled or accomplished, or both.

An outline of a task of a particular type, that will, when instantiated, generate an actual (unscheduled) task.

A controlled vocabulary arranged as a hierarchy of concepts.

A numeric code a telephonic device uses for contacting another telephonic device.

Mobile, fax, or landline phone number.

The degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale.

Unit of measurement for expressing temperature. Per SI, the base of temperature is in Kelvin, to allow for all units to be expressed relative to a real (in this case absolute) zero.

Something used to make instances in its own image. In manufacturing this would be specialized as a die to make stamped parts, cookie cutters are templates for cookies, and forms are templates for data.

Use gist:isBasedOn to link the instantiation of a template back to its Template.

A form. A filled-in form has the structure of the form with data entered into some or all of the fields.

A relationship existing for a period of time.

A temporal relation must be gist:isConnectedTo a minimum of two objects. For example, a temporal relation representing a period of employment is connected both to the person and to the role/position they held.

employs-Employment, hasStreetAddress-EstablishedLocation. One important context for reifying a property.

Content expressed as words and numbers (not graphics).

All time instants are Greenwich and the local equal universal.

Our identity criteria require that something refers to each Time Instant instance.

A literal instant (as in 12:01.0001 January 1, 2008), or a broader but still single point in time (January 1, 2008). In the latter case, we are declaring a time instant to be an interval with no duration (or really a duration only equal to its precision).

A region that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. A typical time zone averages 15? of longitude in width and typically observes a clock time one hour earlier than the zone immediately to the east.

The algorithm for getting from Greenwich Mean Time to local time, which includes the time zone offset and rules about daylight savings time.

An event which has an effect on at least one accumulator.

Standard unit by which we measure things

Three-dimensional space, or equivalent fluid measurement.

Units of three-dimensional space, expressed here as an area times a distance.