GeoSPARQL Ontology
type: Ontology
publisher: Open Geospatial Consortium
creator: OGC GeoSPARQL Standards Working Group
contributor: Matthew Perry
  type: Person
  affiliation: Oracle Corporation
contributor: John Herring
  type: Person
  affiliation: Oracle Corporation
contributor: Nicholas J. Car
  type: Person
  affiliation: SURROUND Australia Pty Ltd
  affiliation: Australian National University
contributor: Joseph Abhayaratna
  type: Person
  affiliation: Geoscape Australia
contributor: Timo Homburg
  type: Person
  affiliation: Mainz University Of Applied Sciences
contributor: Simon J D Cox
  type: Person
  affiliation: CSIRO Australia
contributor: Frans Knibbe
contributor: Mathias Bonduel
  type: Person
  affiliation: KU Leuven
  affiliation: Neanex Technologies
created: 2020-09-09
modified: 2021-10-27
replaces: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql/1.0
description: An RDF/OWL vocabulary for representing spatial information
license: https://www.ogc.org/license
rights: (c) 2021 Open Geospatial Consortium
source: http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/geosparql/1.1
source: OGC GeoSPARQL - A Geographic Query Language for RDF Data OGC 11-052r5
version info: OGC GeoSPARQL 1.1
version IRI: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql/1.1

GML Literal
type: Datatype
definition: A GML serialization of a Geometry object.
example: B.1.2.4

Well-known Text Literal
type: Datatype
definition: A Well-known Text serialization of a Geometry object.
example: B.2.2.2

GeoJSON Literal
type: Datatype
definition: A GeoJSON serialization of a Geometry object.
example: B.1.2.4

KML Literal
type: Datatype
definition: A KML serialization of a Geometry object.
example: B.1.2.4

DGGS Literal
type: Datatype
definition: A textual serialization of a Discrete Global Grid (DGGS) Geometry object.
example: "<https://w3id.org/dggs/auspix> OrdinateList (R3234)"^^<http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#dggsLiteral>
example: B.1.2.4
scope note: This datatype is not expected to be used directly but to serve as an abstract datatype for a series of specific DGGS literal types, for specific DGGS implementations

default geometry
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has geometry
domain: Feature
range: Geometry
definition: The default Geometry to be used in spatial calculations. It is usually the most detailed Geometry.
equivalent property: has default geometry
note: Duplicate properties defaultGeometry and hasDefaultGeometry exist because of an inconsistency between ontology and documentation in GeoSPARQL 1.0. Only hasDefaultGeometry is described in the documention.
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.2.1

has default geometry
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has geometry
domain: Feature
range: Geometry
definition: The default Geometry to be used in spatial calculations. It is usually the most detailed Geometry.
equivalent property: default geometry
note: Duplicate properties defaultGeometry and hasDefaultGeometry exist because of an inconsistency between ontology and documentation in GeoSPARQL 1.0. Only hasDefaultGeometry is described in the documention.

contains
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*TFF*FF*

covered by
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially covered by the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFF*TFT**

covers
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially covers the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*TFT*FF*

disjoint
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property: disjoint
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FF*FF****

equals
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property: equals
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially equals the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFFTFFFT

inside
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially inside the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFF*FFT**

meet
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property: touches
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially meets the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FT******* ^ F**T***** ^ F***T****

overlap
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially overlaps the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*T***T**

has geometry
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Feature
range: Geometry
definition: A spatial representation for a given Feature.
example: B.1.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.3
example: B.1.1.2.4
example: B.1.1.2.5
example: B.1.1.2.6
example: B.1.1.2.8
example: B.1.1.3.2
example: B.1.1.3.3
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.2.3
example: B.1.2.4
example: B.2

has bounding box
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has geometry
domain: Feature
range: Geometry
definition: The minimum or smallest bounding or enclosing box of a given Feature.
scope note: The target is a Geometry that defines a rectilinear region whose edges are aligned with the axes of the coordinate reference system, which exactly contains the Feature, for example an instance of http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#envelope.
example: B.1.2.2

has centroid
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has geometry
domain: Feature
range: Geometry
definition: The arithmetic mean position of all the Geometry points of a given Feature.
scope note: The target Geometry shall describe a point, for example an instance of http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#Point.
example: B.1.2.2

has length
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has size
domain: Spatial Object
definition: The length of a Spatial Object.
example: B.1.1.2.7
example: B.1.2.2

has perimeter length
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has size
domain: Spatial Object
definition: The length of the perimeter of a Spatial Object.
example: B.1.1.1.2

has area
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has size
domain: Spatial Object
definition: The area of a Spatial Object.
example: B.1.1.2.4
example: B.1.2.2

has volume
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has size
domain: Spatial Object
definition: The volume of a three-dimensional Spatial Object.
example: B.1.2.2

has spatial resolution
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Geometry
definition: The spatial resolution of a Geometry.
note: Spatial resolution specifies the level of detail of a Geometry. It the smallest distinguishable distance between spatially adjacent coordinates.
example: B.1.2.2

has spatial accuracy
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Geometry
definition: The positional accuracy of the coordinates of a Geometry.
note: Spatial accuracy is applicable when a Geometry is used to represent a Feature. It is expressed as a distance that indicates the truthfullness of the positions (coordinates) that define the Geometry. In this case accuracy defines a zone surrounding each coordinate within wich the real positions are known to be. The accuracy value defines this zone as a distance from the coordinate(s) in all directions (e.g. a line, a circle or a sphere, depending on spatial dimension).
example: B.1.2.3

disconnected
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FFTFFTTTT

externally connected
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially meets the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FFTFTTTTT

equals
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially equals the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFFTFFFT

non-tangential proper part
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially inside the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFTFFTTT

non-tangential proper part inverse
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTFFTFFT

partially overlapping
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially overlaps the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTTTTTTT

tangential proper part
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially covered by the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFTTFTTT

tangential proper part inverse
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially covers the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTFTTFFT

contains
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*****FF*

crosses
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially crosses the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*T******

disjoint
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property: disjoint
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FF*FF****

equals
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property: equals
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially equals the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFFTFFFT

intersects
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject is not spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T******** ^ *T******* ^ ***T***** ^ ****T****

overlaps
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially overlaps the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*T***T**

touches
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property: meet
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially touches the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FT******* ^ F**T***** ^ F***T****

within
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: Spatial Object
definition: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially within the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*F**F***

has size
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Spatial Object
definition: Subproperties of this property are used to indicate the size of a Spatial Object as a measurement or estimate of one or more dimensions of the Spatial Object's spatial presence.
note: The recommended way to specify size is by using a subproperty of hasMetricSize. Subproperties of hasSize can be used if more complex expressions are necessary, for example if the unit of length can not be converted to meter, or if additional data are needed to describe the measurement or estimate.

as GML
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has serialization
domain: Geometry
range: GML Literal
definition: The GML serialization of a Geometry
example: B.1.2.4

as WKT
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has serialization
domain: Geometry
range: Well-known Text Literal
definition: The WKT serialization of a Geometry
example: B.1.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.3
example: B.1.1.2.4
example: B.1.1.2.5
example: B.1.1.2.6
example: B.1.1.2.8
example: B.1.1.3.1
example: B.1.1.3.2
example: B.1.1.3.3
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.2.2.4
example: B.2.1

as GeoJSON
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has serialization
domain: Geometry
range: GeoJSON Literal
definition: The GeoJSON serialization of a Geometry
example: B.1.2.4

as KML
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has serialization
domain: Geometry
range: KML Literal
definition: The KML serialization of a Geometry
example: B.1.2.4

as DGGS
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has serialization
domain: Geometry
range: DGGS Literal
definition: The Discrete Global Grid System (DGGS) serialization of a Geometry
example: B.1.2.4

coordinate dimension
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geometry
range: integer
definition: The number of measurements or axes needed to describe the position of this Geometry in a coordinate system.
example: B.1.2.3

dimension
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geometry
range: integer
definition: The topological dimension of this geometric object, which must be less than or equal to the coordinate dimension. In non-homogeneous collections, this will return the largest topological dimension of the contained objects.
example: B.1.2.3

has serialization
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geometry
range: Literal
definition: Connects a Geometry object with its text-based serialization.
example: B.1.2.3

is empty
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geometry
range: boolean
definition: (true) if this geometric object is the empty Geometry. If true, then this geometric object represents the empty point set for the coordinate space.
example: B.1.2.3

is simple
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geometry
range: boolean
definition: (true) if this geometric object has no anomalous geometric points, such as self intersection or self tangency.
example: B.1.2.3

spatial dimension
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geometry
range: integer
definition: The number of measurements or axes needed to describe the spatial position of this Geometry in a coordinate system.
example: B.1.2.3

has spatial resolution in meters
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geometry
range: double
definition: The spatial resolution of a Geometry in meters.
note: Spatial resolution specifies the level of detail of a Geometry. It the smallest dinstinguishable distance between spatially adjacent coordinates.
example: B.1.1.2.6
example: B.1.2.2

has spatial accuracy in meters
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geometry
range: double
definition: The positional accuracy of the coordinates of a Geometry in meters.
note: Spatial accuracy is applicable when a Geometry is used to represent a Feature. It is expressed as a distance that indicates the truthfullness of the positions (coordinates) that define the Geometry. In this case accuracy defines a zone surrounding each coordinate within wich the real positions are known to be. The accuracy value defines this zone as a distance from the coordinate(s) in all directions (e.g. a line, a circle or a sphere, depending on spatial dimension).
example: B.1.2.3

has length in meters
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has metric size
domain: Spatial Object
range: double
definition: The length of a Spatial Object in meters.
example: B.1.2.2

has perimeter length in meters
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has metric size
domain: Spatial Object
range: double
definition: The length of the perimeter of a Spatial Object in meters.
example: B.1.1.1.2

has area in square meters
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has metric size
domain: Spatial Object
range: double
definition: The area of a Spatial Object in square meters.
example: B.1.1.2.3
example: B.1.1.2.9
example: B.1.1.3.3
example: B.1.2.2

has volume in cubic meters
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has metric size
domain: Spatial Object
range: double
definition: The volume of a Spatial Object in cubic meters.
example: B.1.1.2.9
example: B.1.2.2

has metric size
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Spatial Object
range: double
definition: Subproperties of this property are used to indicate the size of a Spatial Object, as a measurement or estimate of one or more dimensions of the Spatial Object's spatial presence. Units are always metric (meter, square meter or cubic meter).

Feature
type: Class
subclass of: Spatial Object
disjoint with: Geometry
definition: A discrete spatial phenomenon in a universe of discourse.
note: A Feature represents a uniquely identifiable phenomenon, for example a river or an apple. While such phenomena (and therefore the Features used to represent them) are bounded, their boundaries may be crisp (e.g., the declared boundaries of a state), vague (e.g., the delineation of a valley versus its neighboring mountains), and change with time (e.g., a storm front). While discrete in nature, Features may be created from continuous observations, such as an isochrone that determines the region that can be reached by ambulance within 5 minutes.
example: B.1.1.2.1
example: B.1.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.3
example: B.1.1.2.4
example: B.1.1.2.5
example: B.1.1.2.6
example: B.1.1.2.7
example: B.1.1.2.8
example: B.1.1.2.9
example: B.1.1.3.2
example: B.1.1.3.3
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.2.3
example: B.1.2.4

Feature Collection
type: Class
subclass of: Spatial Object Collection
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Feature
  on property: member
definition: A collection of individual Features.
example: B.1.1.6

Geometry
type: Class
subclass of: Spatial Object
definition: A coherent set of direct positions in space. The positions are held within a Spatial Reference System (SRS).
note: Geometry can be used as a representation of the shape, extent or location of a Feature and may exist as a self-contained entity.
example: B.1.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.3
example: B.1.1.2.4
example: B.1.1.2.5
example: B.1.1.2.6
example: B.1.1.2.8
example: B.1.1.3.1
example: B.1.1.3.2
example: B.1.1.3.3
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.2.3
example: B.1.2.4

Geometry Collection
type: Class
subclass of: Spatial Object Collection
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Geometry
  on property: member
definition: A collection of individual Geometries.
example: B.1.1.7

Spatial Object
type: Class
definition: Anything spatial (being or having a shape, position or an extent).
note: Subclasses of this class are expected to be used for instance data.
example: B.1.1.1.1
example: B.1.1.1.2

Spatial Object Collection
type: Class
subclass of: Container
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Spatial Object
  on property: member
definition: A collection of individual Spatial Objects.
note: This is the superclass of Feature Collection and Geometry Collection.