Allotrope Foundation Taxonomy (AFT)

A range is an interval of values with a lower and/or upper limit. [Allotrope]

A set of codes in a controlled vocabulary. [Allotrope]

An entry in a list of controlled symbols denoting a classification. [Allotrope]

A condition is an information content entity that is about the portion of reality under which something occurs or is valid. The condition is limited by its scope and may have preconditions. It restricts the possible realizations. [Allotrope]

A condition that is valid if all conditions of it are valid. [Allotrope]

An or condition is valid if at least one of its conditions is valid. [Allotrope]

A one of condition is valid if exactly one of its condition is valid. [Allotrope]

A list is an ordered collection of items. [Allotrope]

An entry in a list. [Allotrope]

A series is a list (ordered collection) of literal values. [Allotrope]

An individual entry in a series with an index and a numeric value. [Allotrope]

An aggregation of data items for a purpose. [Allotrope]

An item is an individual member of some collection. [Allotrope]

A collection where each member is disjoint from another. [Allotrope]

A piece of apparatus, consisting of a gas supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/ processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO]

A plate is a flat container with multiple "wells" used as small test tubes. [Wikipedia]

Definition pending. [0]

A source of a range of electromagnetic waves. [Allotrope]

A spectrophotometer is a photometer that measures the intensity of light at each individual wavelength. [Allotrope]

A chromatography column is a type of column that contains a stationary phase for chromatographic separation of compounds. [Allotrope]

A device that introduces objects into the inside of another object. [Allotrope]

A detector that senses changes in the thermal conductivity of the column effluent and compares it to a reference flow of carrier gas. [Allotrope]

Any piece of apparatus used to detect an analyte. [CHMO]

A device is an artifact that is designed to perform a function primarily by means of its mechanical or electrical nature. [Allotrope]

A piece of apparatus, consisting of a light source, a hollow prism and a photoelectric cell that is used to detect non-ultraviolet-absorbing molecules in a sample separated by chromatography. Light from the sample passes through a flow cell with two channels towards the photoelectric cell. One channel holds the eluent from the column, whereas the other holds a control sample (solvent that has not passed through the column). Detection occurs when the light is bent due to molecules eluting from the column, and this is read as a disparity between the two channels. [CHMO]

A conductivity probe to calculate the conductance value of a material at the selected reference temperature. [Allotrope]

A piece of apparatus, consisting of a mobile phase supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/ processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO]

A device that has the function to contain material. [Allotrope]

box, can, plate, rack

tray, flask, vial

A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient. [Allotrope]

A damper is a device that deadens, restrains, or depresses. [Wikipedia]

A pump is a device that is used to pump. [CHMO]

A device used to control the temperature in a compartment. [Allotrope]

A device to acquire signals or data. [Allotrope]

A device used to split a fluid into two component streams. [Allotrope]

Definition pending. [0]

A degasser is a device to remove gasses from a fluid which could otherwise form bubbles. [Wikipedia]

A piece of apparatus that produces an output that depends on the number of ions that it encounters. [CHMO]

A piece of apparatus, consisting of a mobile phase supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/ processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations where the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to tits critical temperature and pressure. [Allotrope]

A tube, or tubing, is a long hollow cylinder used for moving fluids (liquids or gases) or to protect electrical or optical cables and wires. [Wikipedia]

A detector that detects material by way of the electronic absorbance of a electromagnetic ray transmitted through the material. [Allotrope]

A display is a device or element of an instrument serving to represent information. [Allotrope]

A kind of heat exchanger or radiator designed to remove excess heat. [Wikipedia]

A valve is a plumbing equipment that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. [Wikipedia]

A liquid chromatograph is a system used to perform bioseparation techniques that are based on interactions of the sample with the mobile and stationary phases. [Allotrope]

The system consists of a chromatographic separation unit and a computer running the system control software. The system can be operated in a fully automated manner or in manual mode. It consists of different modules, components, and accessories.  [Amgen]

A solvent channel is a channel where a liquid can flow through. [Allotrope]

A quaternary pump has 4 channels.

A long narrow cut or opening. [Allotrope]

A device used for heating something. [Allotrope]

Jars are cylindrical containers with wide openings that may be sealed. [Wikipedia]

A photometer, generally, is an instrument that measures light intensity or optical properties of solutions or surfaces. [Wikipedia]

A mass flow controller is a device that determines the mixture of different materials. [Allotrope]

In DVS, the mass flow controller generates the required mixture of dry and saturated gas.

A computer is a general-purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. [Wikipedia]

A device for delivering known amounts of material. [Allotrope]

A tubing connector is a part used to connect/install tubing, components, and accessories as part of a system flow path configuration. [Allotrope]

A visible lamp is a light source with a visible wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm. [Allotrope]

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance). [Wikipedia]

Definition pending. [0]

An artifact is a material that is designed and built for a purpose. [Allotrope]

A device that measures some aspect of reality, such as a quality or the profile of a process. [Allotrope]

A device that has the function to control some quality or process. [Allotrope]

A device that has the function to couple things. [Allotrope]

A device that is used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system. [Wikipedia]

A device that has the function to separate materials. [Allotrope]

A transferring device is a device that is designed to transfer material. [Allotrope]

A collecting device is a device that has the function to collect things. [Allotrope]

A measurement component is a component of a measuring system, that does measuring. [Allotrope]

To equilibrate is a function which is realized in the process of equilibration. [Allotrope]

To bring a flow together into one place. [NIST]

Solar panels collect ultraviolet sun rays to power small mechanisms. [NIST]

To bring two or more flows (material, energy, signal) together. [NIST]

The to consume function is a function that is realized in a process where a participant exists at the start of the process but no longer exists at the end of the process. [Allotrope]

To make something known to the user about a flow. [NIST]

A small window in the water container of a coffee maker indicates the level of water in the machine. [NIST]

To alter or govern the size or amplitude of a flow (material, energy, signal). [NIST]

To sense is a signaling function that is perceiving or becoming aware, of a flow. [NIST]

To firmly fix a flow path. [NIST]

On a bicycling glove, a Velcro strap secures the human hand in the correct place. [NIST]

To submit information to a particular treatment or method having a set number of operations or steps. [NIST]

A computer processes a login request signal before allowing a user access to its facilities. [NIST]

A information processing function that generates integrals on numerical data item. [Allotrope]

To calculate is a data transformation function to solve problems for numbers or quantities. [Allotrope]

To firmly fix a material into a defined location, or secure an energy or signal into a specific course. [NIST]

The material processing function to get rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous unwanted matter. [Allotrope]

The function of a device realized when administering a substance applied particularly to the forcible insertion of a liquid or gas by means of a syringe, pump, etc. [OBI, OSTHUS]

To count is to observe the quantitative number of discrete things. [Allotrope]

To discover information about the presence of a flow. [NIST]

A gauge on the top of a gas cylinder detects proper pressure ranges. [NIST]

To determine the magnitude of a flow. [NIST]

An analog thermostat measures temperature through a bimetallic strip. [NIST]

To move an energy from one place to another. [NIST]

In a hand held power sander, the housing of the sander transmits human force to the object being sanded. [NIST]

A function that gives thermal energy to a recipient. [Allotrope]

To communicate is the function to transfering information from one material entity to another. [Allotrope]

To pump is to transport of fluids by suction or pressure or both. [Allotrope]

To reveal something about a flow to the mind or eye. [NIST]

The xyz-coordinate display on a vertical milling machine displays the precise location of the cutting tool. [NIST]

A signal conversion function is an information processor function which transforms a signal into another type of signal. [OBI]

A synapse converts electrical action potentials into an intermediate chemical signal. The post synapse converts it back into an electric one passed on to the axon.

an analog-to-digital_converter

To accumulate a flow. [NIST]

A DC electrical battery stores the energy in a flashlight. [NIST]

A function to remove thermal energy. [Allotrope]

To consume energy is the function to consume energy. [Allotrope]

To plan is the function of creating or modifying a plan specification. [OBI, OSTHUS]

To cause a flow (material, energy or signal) to no longer be joined or mixed. [NIST]

To isolate a flow (material, energy, signal) into distinct components. The separated components are distinct from the flow before separation, as well as each other. [NIST]

A glass prism separates light into different wavelength components to provide a rainbow. [NIST]

To cause a flow (material, energy, signal) to break up. The individual bits are similar to each other and the undistributed flow. [NIST]

An atomizer distributes (or sprays) hair-styling liquids over the head to hold ther hair in the desired style. [NIST]

To separate a flow. [NIST]

A vending machine divides the sold form of coins into appropriate denominations. [NIST]

To take away a part of a flow from its prefixed place. [NIST]

A sander removes small pieces of the wood surface to smooth the wood. [NIST]

To draw, or forcibly pullout, a flow. [NIST]

A vacuum cleaner extracts depris from the imported mixture and exports clean air to the environment. [NIST]

A sort function is a function to distinguish flows based on some associated physical quality or entity and to distribute the separate components into distinct fractions according to a defined order. [OSTHUS, OBI]

To cause a flow (material, energy, signal) to move from one location to another location. [NIST]

To send a flow (material, energy, signal) outside the system boundary. [NIST]

Pouring blended food out of a standard blender pitcher exports liquid from the system. [NIST]

To bring in a flow (material, energy, signal) from outside the system boundary. [NIST]

A physical opening at the top of a blender pitcher imports a solid (food) into the system. [NIST]

To direct the course of a flow (material, energy, signal) along a specific path. [NIST]

To control the movement of a flow by a force external to the device into one or more directions. [NIST]

To fix the movement of a flow by a device around one axis. [NIST]

To fix the movement of the flow by a device into one linear direction. [NIST]

To combine two flows (material, energy, signal) into a single, uniform homogeneous mass. [NIST]

A shaker mixes a paint base and its dyes to form a homogeneous liquid. [NIST]

To join or bring together flows (material, energy, signal) such that the members are still distinguishable from each other. [NIST]

To couple flows together by means of an intermediary flow. [NIST]

A turnbuckle links two endsof a steering cable together. [NIST]

To couple flows together in a predetermined manner. [NIST]

A ratchet joins a socket on its square shaft interface. [NIST]

To adjust the flow of energy, signal, or material in response to a control signal, such as a characteristic of a flow. [NIST]

Turning the valves regulates the flow rate of the liquid flowing from a faucet. [NIST]

To commence the flow of energy, signal or material in response to an imported control signal. [NIST]

A circuit switch actuates the flow of electrical energy and turns on a light bulb. [NIST]

To enlarge a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST]

To reduce a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST]

To adjust the flow of energy, signal, or material in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]

To enlarge a flow in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]

To reduce a flow in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]

To mold or form a flow. [NIST]

To render a flow appropriate for the desired use. [NIST]

To prevent damage to electrial equipment, a surge protector conditions electrical energy by excluding spikes and nose (usually through capacitors) from the energy path. [NIST]

To cease, or prevent, the transfer of a flow (material, energy, signal). [NIST]

A reflective coating on a window stops the transmission of UV radiation through a window. [NIST]

To keep a flow from happening. [NIST]

A submerged gate on a dam wall prevents water from flowing to the other side. [NIST]

To significantly restrain a flow, though a portion of the flow continues to be transferred. [NIST]

The structures of space vehicles inhibits the flow of radiation to protect crew and cargo.  [NIST]

To change from one form of a flow (material, energy, signal) to another. [NIST]

An electrical motor converts electricity to rotational energy. [NIST]

To accumulate or provide a material or energy flow. [NIST]

To provide information on a material, energy or signal flow as an output signal flow. The information providing flow passes through the function unchanged. [NIST]

To keep a flow within limits. [NIST]

A vacuum bag contains debris vacuumed from a house. [NIST]

To provide a flow from storage. [NIST]

In a flashlight, the battery supplies energy to the bulb. [NIST]

To observe and record data from a flow. [NIST]

By tracking the performance of batteries, the low efficiency point can be determined. [NIST]

To prevent a flow from changing course or location. [NIST]

On a typical canister vacuum, the center of gravity is placed at a low elevation to stabilize the vacuum when it is pulled by the hose. [NIST]

To place a flow (material, energy, signal) into a specific location or orientation. [NIST]

The coin slot on a soda machine positions the coin to begin the coin evaluation and transportation procedure. [NIST]

To decompose is the function to breakdown a single phase into two or more phases by heating or treatment with acid, alkali or enzymes. [CHMO, OSTHUS]

To transport is the function to transfer material. [Allotrope]

To shift, or convey, a flow (material, energy, signal) from one place to another. [NIST]

Function to add a member to an aggregate. [Allotrope]

The function to make a whole out of many. [Allotrope]

The function to bring something into existence. [Allotrope]

A material entity that occupies space and possesses a rest mass. [Allotrope]

A natural material is any product or physical matter that comes from plants, animals, or the ground. Minerals and the metals that can be extracted from them (without further modification) are also considered to belong into this category. [Wikipedia]

Energy must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat the object. It can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. [Wikipedia]

A form of energy that is transferred between bodies as a result of a temperature difference. [NIST]

Energy flow generated or required by a translation or virtual translation. [NIST]

Work resulting from the reactions by which substances are produced from or converted into other substances. [NIST]

A battery converts the flow of chemical energy into electical energy.

Work resulting from the flow of electrons from a negative to a positive source. [NIST]

Energy that results from a rotation or a virtual rotation. [NIST]

Work that results from the movement or force of a liquid, including hydrostatic forces. [NIST]

Energy that is propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of electro-magnetic waves. [NIST]

Work resulting from a compressed gas. [NIST]

A form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers. [Wikipedia]

Electromagnetic radiation which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometers. [Wikipedia]

An electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm. [Wikipedia]

Electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light. It extends from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometer, to 1 micrometers. [Wikipedia]

Electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei and having wavelengths less than 10 picometers. [Allotrope]

Volumetry is a type of quantitative analysis that measures the quantity of a compound by quantifying its volume. [Allotrope]

The measurement of the size distribution in a collection of grains. [CHMO]

The measurement of the light transmitted through a sample for a given wavelength. [CHMO]

The measurement of the overall charge a particle acquires in a specific medium. A number of different experimental methods can be used including electrophoretic light scattering and laser Doppler velocimetry. [CHMO]

A mixing step where a soluble component is mixed with a liquid component. [CHMO]

Cleaning is the process of getting rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous unwanted matter. [Allotrope]

Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid. [CHMO]

Any method for determining structure by directing a beam of particles or X-rays onto an extremely flat surface and measuring the intensity of the reflected radiation as a function of angle. [CHMO]

Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to its critical temperature and pressure. [CHMO]

Vortexing is a process of mixing that creates a vortex in the solution usually using a vortexer. [Allotrope]

The measurement of the pore diameter, pore-size distribution and total pore volume of a sample. [CHMO]

A type of spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation in the range ultraviolet to near-infrared (0.1-2.5 µm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO]

Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a gas. [CHMO]

An instance of gas chromatography can be a single-injection GC run.

The measurement and study of dimensional changes in polymers as a function of temperature, fluid absorption, mechanical stress or chemical reaction. [CHMO]

A branching process that isolates flows into distinct component flows. The separated components are distinct from the flow before separation, as well as each other. [NIST]

A process of creating or modifying a plan specification. [OBI]

The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a robot scientist executing software. [OBI]

Definition pending. [0]

Definition pending. [0]

The measurement of the conductance of a solution as a function of concentration. Measurements are made indirectly across the resistance of the solution with alternating current. [CHMO]

The study of the interaction of a sample with radiation or particles for measurement or detection. [CHMO]

The measurement of the osmotic strength of a substance which often used to determine its molecular weight. [CHMO]

Loading is the addition of a material to a new location. [Allotrope]

The loading step of IEF is the mixing of the sample with the appropriate ampholytes and loading the mixture into the capillary. [Allotrope]

An electrochemical technique where the cell current is measured whilst the potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is controlled. [CHMO]

Dilution is the process of adding a solvent to a solution to lower its concentration. [Allotrope]

The study of the flow of fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity. Rheometry is the measurement of the relationship between deformation and stress for these liquids. [CHMO]

A method for determining surface area by measuring the amount of an inert gaseous or liquid substance (the 'sorbent', usually H2 or N2) which adsorbs onto the surface of interest (the 'sorbate'), and the subsequent amount that desorbs at a constant temperature. Regression analysis is then applied to the data, resulting in an isotherm. [CHMO]

Definition pending. [0]

An electrochemical technique where the cell current is measured as a function of time and as a function of the potential between the indicator and reference electrodes. [CHMO]

Detecting is observing the presence of an entity. This occurs when a threshold value of a quantity (quality, disposition, process property) is exceeded. [Allotrope]

The method used to obtain the integral of a function or curve. [Allotrope]

Definition pending. [0]

Definition pending. [0]

The measurement of the extent to which a sample interacts with polarized electromagnetic radiation by transmission, reflection, refraction, or diffraction. [CHMO]

The combining of components, particles or layers into a more homogeneous state. The mixing may be achieved manually or mechanically by shifting the material with stirrers or pumps or by revolving or shaking the container. The process must not permit segregation of particles of different size or properties. Homogeneity may be considered to have been achieved in a practical sense when the sampling error of the processed portion is negligible compared to the total error of the measurement system. [CHMO]

Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid and the stationary phase is a solid. [CHMO]

Any technique for measuring charge transport. [CHMO]

The measurement of the strength and/or direction of magnetic fields, or the magnetic susceptibility of a sample. [CHMO]

A separation method where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary, while the other moves in a definite direction. [CHMO]

A method for introducing polar molecules into a host cell through the cell membrane. A large electric pulse (300-400 mV for <1 ms) temporarily disturbs the phospholipid bilayer, allowing molecules like DNA to pass into the cell. [CHMO]

The process of making a polymer blend by mechanically mixing different polymers together in the melt. [CHMO]

The transfer of thermal energy from a material to its surrounding environment. [CHMO]

The method to obtain the derivative of a function or curve. [Allotrope]

Column chromatography where both the mobile phase and the stationary phase are liquids. The stationary phase must be immiscible and insoluble in the mobile phase and is usually supported on a suitable material such as a diatomaceous earth. [CHMO]

Process of loading a sample into a chromatography system. [Allotrope]

The process of fitting device components together to form a system. [Allotrope]

Piece counting is determining the number of objects in an object aggregate. [Allotrope]

The intensive mixing of mutually insoluble phases (sometimes with addition of surfactants) to obtain a soluble suspension or emulsion. [CHMO]

The measurement of the relative permittivity of a solution as a function of concentration. Measurements are made indirectly across the resistance of the solution with alternating current. [CHMO]

Any spectroscopic method which probes the electronic degrees of freedom of an atom or molecule. [CHMO]

The measurement of the density of a sample. [CHMO]

A preparative step involving the agitation of a solution through circular motion. [CHMO]

Rinsing is the process of washing quickly a device with a solution. [Allotrope]

The Fourier transformation decomposes a function of time (e.g. a signal) into the frequencies that make it up. [Wikipedia]

Aspirating is the process of sample preparation that is to draw an amount of a liquid by suction and then expel the liquid. [Allotrope]

The measurement of pH is the negative logarithm to base ten of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution, this measures the degree of acidity or alkalinity. Operationally the pH of a solution X, pH(X), is measured relative to that of a standard reference solution, pH(S), and defined as pH(X) = pH(S) - (E(X) - E(S))/(RT/F)ln 10, where E(X) and E(S) are the electromotive forces measured in cells containing the solution X and the reference solution respectively. [CHMO]

Washing is a process by which a material entity acting as contaminant (e.g. excess staining reagent) is removed by application of one or more cycles of solution in flow. [CHMO]

The measurement of luminescence from a material. [Allotrope]

Priming is a type of cleaning that happens at the beginning of a period of time and results in the device being filled with the appropriate reagents. [Allotrope]

prime of a cell counter analyzer at the beginning of a day

Inverting is a sample preparation step of mixing. It is homogenization by switching the y-axis of a sample several times, turning it upside down using a syringe. [Allotrope]

An electrochemical technique where the total Coulombs of electricity required to complete (fully oxidize or fully reduce the sample in) an electrochemical reaction is measured. [CHMO]

The application of a thin cover to a material. [CHMO]

Trending is a process of monitoring that consists of collecting information and identifying underlying patterns. [Allotrope]

The measurement of the properties of two or more lasers or waves by studying the pattern of interference created by their superposition. [CHMO]

The measurement of the surface tension of a liquid. [CHMO]

The measurement of the viscosity of fluids by observing the relative motion of the fluid and an object. Viscometry is used to measure the molecular weight of polymers. [CHMO]

A preparative step where the concentration of one component is increased. [CHMO]

Electronic absorption measurement is a measurement that is based on the absorption of energy by electronic transitions. [Allotrope]

In biology, a subculture is a new cell or microbiological culture made by transferring some or all cells from a previous culture to fresh growth medium. This action is called subculturing or passaging the cells. Subculture is used to prolong the life and/or expand the number of cells or microorganisms in the culture. [Wikipedia]

A measuring that is sensitive to inorganic gases. A hot (450 deg. C) filament is used to heat a carrier gas containing the sample and the difference in thermal conductivity caused by the presence of the sample is measured. [CHMO]

A measuring based on the change in refractive index of a solution. Light is passed through a hollow prism and focused on a photocell. When a liquid containing the sample is allowed to flow through the prism, the light diverges from its original path and the change in intensity and angle of the transmitted light is measured. [CHMO]

The irradiation of a liquid sample with sound (20-20 000 Hz) waves resulting in agitation. Sound waves propagate into the liquid media result in alternating high-pressure (compression) and low-pressure (rarefaction) cycles. During rarefaction, high-intensity sonic waves create small vacuum bubbles or voids in the liquid, which then collapse violently (cavitation) during compression, creating very high local temperatures. [CHMO]

Measuring is observing a property of an entity called a quantity, that has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference to another entity, and obtaining one or more quantity values for it. The observed entity is a quality or a disposition for a continuant, for a process it is a process property such as duration. [Allotrope]

A term used meaning the processing and manipulation of the spectral data produced for the purposes of improving spectral appearance, change the signal to noise ratio (S/N), or resolution. The term is often collectively used in conjunction with line broadening, sharpening, averaging, smoothing. [Allotrope]

The determination of the spectral absorbance of a solution. This method is often used to determine the concentration of a chemical in a solution. [CHMO]

Pipeting transfers a given amount of liquid solution using a pipette, dropper or pipettor. [Allotrope]

The measurement of the velocity of a moving object or medium. [CHMO]

Ion detection is detecting the presence of ions. [Allotrope]

A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. [OBI]

Dedusting is the process of removal of dust. [Allotrope]

Fingerprinting is the process of comparison or overlay of measured spectra with existing reference spectra. [Allotrope]

Sieve analysis is a process of particle sizing by filtering particles according to their size through sieves with decreasing pore size. [Allotrope]

Particle sizing is an experimental method for the investigation of particle sizes in a sample. [Allotrope]

Tube breeding is a process of cleaning vacuum tubes in order to remove any impurities. [Allotrope]

An assay in which a materials fluorescence is determined. [VIVO-ISF]

Packing is the process of transferring an object into a container as a densely packed phase. [Allotrope]

packing a sample into a ssNMR rotor

packing a column with the solid phase

An concentration measurement is the determination of the concentration of a compound in solution. [Allotrope]

protein concentration measurement

quick slope, linearity measurement, UV measurement in which the cell pathlength is varied. [Amgen].

simple read, i.e. simple measurement at a defined wavelength

Compression is the act of reducing volume by applying a force. [Allotrope]

In the case of tablets it is the act of forming a solid plug from individual powder / granule components.

A chemical structure determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. [Wikipedia]

A quality process profile is a process profile that covers the change of a quality of an independent continuant that is participant of the profiles process. [Allotrope]

A calculation is a process by which a data transformation technique that involves problem solving for numbers or quantities is performed. [Allotrope]

Drawing is the process by which an object or liquid is extracted from a container or receptacle. [Allotrope]