Allotrope Foundation Taxonomy (AFT)

A range is an interval of values with a lower and/or upper limit. [Allotrope]

A set of codes in a controlled vocabulary. [Allotrope]

An entry in a list of controlled symbols denoting a classification. [Allotrope]

A condition is an information content entity that is about the portion of reality under which something occurs or is valid. The condition is limited by its scope and may have preconditions. It restricts the possible realizations. [Allotrope]

A condition that is valid if all conditions of it are valid. [Allotrope]

An or condition is valid if at least one of its conditions is valid. [Allotrope]

A one of condition is valid if exactly one of its condition is valid. [Allotrope]

A list is an ordered collection of items. [Allotrope]

An entry in a list. [Allotrope]

A series is a list (ordered collection) of literal values. [Allotrope]

An individual entry in a series with an index and a numeric value. [Allotrope]

An aggregation of data items for a purpose. [Allotrope]

An item is an individual member of some collection. [Allotrope]

A collection where each member is disjoint from another. [Allotrope]

A sample passage is the compartment of a device that handles the conveying of samples. [Allotrope]

A piece of apparatus, consisting of a gas supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO]

A plate is a flat container with multiple "wells" used as small test tubes. [Wikipedia]

A piece of equipment that allows for automated sampling or sample loading. [Allotrope]

A fraction collector is a collecting device for recovering fractional volumes of the column effluent. [IUPAC]

A source of a range of electromagnetic waves. [Allotrope]

A spectrophotometer is a photometer that measures the intensity of light at each individual wavelength. [Allotrope]

A flame ionization detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the measurement of ions created via flame ionization. [Allotrope]

A chromatography column is a type of column that contains a stationary phase for chromatographic separation of compounds. [Allotrope]

A device that introduces objects into the inside of another object. [Allotrope]

A thermal conductivity detector is a measurement component that measures changes in the thermal conductivity of the column effluent and compares it to a reference flow of carrier gas. [Allotrope]

Any piece of apparatus used to detect an analyte. [CHMO]

A separate enclosed physical section of a device that can contain other devices. [Allotrope]

A device is an artifact that is designed to perform a function primarily by means of its mechanical or electrical nature. [Allotrope]

A piece of apparatus, consisting of a light source, a hollow prism and a photoelectric cell that is used to detect non-ultraviolet-absorbing molecules in a sample separated by chromatography. Light from the sample passes through a flow cell with two channels towards the photoelectric cell. One channel holds the eluent from the column, whereas the other holds a control sample (solvent that has not passed through the column). Detection occurs when the light is bent due to molecules eluting from the column, and this is read as a disparity between the two channels. [CHMO]

A conductivity probe to calculate the conductance value of a material at the selected reference temperature. [Allotrope]

A piece of apparatus, consisting of a mobile phase supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO]

A device that has the function to contain material. [Allotrope]

box, can, plate, rack

tray, flask, vial

A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient. [Allotrope]

A damper is a device that deadens, restrains, or depresses. [Wikipedia]

A pump is a device that is used to pump. [CHMO]

A device used to control the temperature in a compartment. [Allotrope]

An electron capture detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the attachment of electrons via electron capture ionization. [Allotrope]

A Raman spectrometer is a piece of apparatus that allows for the measurement of Raman spectra. It consists of a laser and a detector. [Allotrope]

A device to acquire signals or data. [Allotrope]

A device used to split a fluid into two component streams. [Allotrope]

A fluorescence detector is a detector that detects material by way of the measurement of the emitted fluorescence light after excitation with light. [Allotrope]

A degasser is a device to remove gasses from a fluid which could otherwise form bubbles. [Wikipedia]

A piece of apparatus that produces an output that depends on the number of ions that it encounters. [CHMO]

A piece of apparatus, consisting of a mobile phase supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations where the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to tits critical temperature and pressure. [Allotrope]

A tube, or tubing, is a long hollow cylinder used for moving fluids (liquids or gases) or to protect electrical or optical cables and wires. [Wikipedia]

An electronic absorbance detector is a detector that detects material by way of the electronic absorbance of a electromagnetic ray transmitted through the material. [Allotrope]

A display is a device or element of an instrument serving to represent information. [Allotrope]

A kind of heat exchanger or radiator designed to remove excess heat. [Wikipedia]

A valve is a plumbing equipment that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. [Wikipedia]

A liquid chromatograph is a system used to perform bioseparation techniques that are based on interactions of the sample with the mobile and stationary phases. [Allotrope]

The system consists of a chromatographic separation unit and a computer running the system control software. The system can be operated in a fully automated manner or in manual mode. It consists of different modules, components, and accessories.  [Allotrope]

An oven is a device for heating an enclosed space. [Allotrope]

A solvent channel is a channel where a liquid can flow through. [Allotrope]

A quaternary pump has 4 channels.

A long narrow cut or opening. [Allotrope]

A site that is related to a device. [Allotrope]

A device used for heating something. [Allotrope]

Jars are cylindrical containers with wide openings that may be sealed. [Wikipedia]

A photometer, generally, is an instrument that measures light intensity or optical properties of solutions or surfaces. [Wikipedia]

A mass flow controller is a device that determines the mixture of different materials. [Allotrope]

In DVS, the mass flow controller generates the required mixture of dry and saturated gas.

A computer is a general-purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. [Wikipedia]

A sample is a device that function to sample known amounts of material. [Allotrope]

A tubing connector is a part used to connect/install tubing, components, and accessories as part of a system flow path configuration. [Allotrope]

A visible lamp is a light source with a visible wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm. [Allotrope]

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance). [Wikipedia]

A lamp is an electromagnatic radiation source of incoherent radiation. [IUPAC]

An artifact is a material that is designed and built for a purpose. [Allotrope]

A device that measures some aspect of reality, such as a quality or the profile of a process. [Allotrope]

A device that has the function to control some quality or process. [Allotrope]

A device that has the function to couple things. [Allotrope]

A device that is used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system. [Wikipedia]

A device that has the function to separate materials. [Allotrope]

A transferring device is a device that is designed to transfer material. [Allotrope]

A collecting device is a device that has the function to collect things. [Allotrope]

A measurement component is a component of a measuring system, that does measuring. [Allotrope]

A guiding device is a device that has the function to direct a flow in a specific direction. [Allotrope]

A distribution device is a device with the function to distribute a stream into multiple parts. [Allotrope]

To equilibrate is a function which is realized in the process of equilibration. [Allotrope]

Function to add a member to an aggregate or to bring a flow together. [Allotrope]

Solar panels collect ultraviolet sun rays to power small mechanisms. [NIST]

To bring two or more flows (material, energy, signal) together. [NIST]

The to consume function is a function that is realized in a process where a participant exists at the start of the process but no longer exists at the end of the process. [Allotrope]

To make something known to the user about a flow. [NIST]

A small window in the water container of a coffee maker indicates the level of water in the machine. [NIST]

To alter or govern the size or amplitude of a flow (material, energy, signal). [NIST]

To sense is a signaling function that is perceiving or becoming aware, of a flow. [NIST]

To firmly fix a flow path. [NIST]

On a bicycling glove, a Velcro strap secures the human hand in the correct place. [NIST]

To submit information to a particular treatment or method having a set number of operations or steps. [NIST]

A computer processes a login request signal before allowing a user access to its facilities. [NIST]

A information processing function that generates integrals on numerical data item. [Allotrope]

To calculate is a data transformation function to solve problems for numbers or quantities. [Allotrope]

To firmly fix a material into a defined location, or secure an energy or signal into a specific course. [NIST]

The material processing function to get rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous unwanted matter. [Allotrope]

The function of a device realized when administering a substance applied particularly to the forcible insertion of a liquid or gas by means of a syringe, pump, etc. [OBI]

To count is to observe the quantitative number of discrete things. [Allotrope]

To discover information about the presence of a flow. [NIST]

A gauge on the top of a gas cylinder detects proper pressure ranges. [NIST]

To determine the magnitude of a flow. [NIST]

An analog thermostat measures temperature through a bimetallic strip. [NIST]

To move an energy from one place to another. [NIST]

In a hand held power sander, the housing of the sander transmits human force to the object being sanded. [NIST]

A function that gives thermal energy to a recipient. [Allotrope]

To communicate is the function to transferring information from one material entity to another. [Allotrope]

To pump is to transport fluids by suction or pressure or both. [Allotrope]

To reveal something about a flow to the mind or eye. [NIST]

The xyz-coordinate display on a vertical milling machine displays the precise location of the cutting tool. [NIST]

A signal conversion function is an information processor function which transforms a signal into another type of signal. [OBI]

an analog-to-digital_converter

A synapse converts electrical action potentials into an intermediate chemical signal. The post synapse converts it back into an electric one passed on to the axon.

To accumulate a flow. [NIST]

A DC electrical battery stores the energy in a flashlight. [NIST]

A function to remove thermal energy. [Allotrope]

To consume energy is the function to consume energy. [Allotrope]

To plan is the function of creating or modifying a plan specification. [OBI]

To cause a flow (material, energy or signal) to no longer be joined or mixed. [NIST]

To isolate a flow (material, energy, signal) into distinct components. The separated components are distinct from the flow before separation, as well as each other. [NIST]

A glass prism separates light into different wavelength components to provide a rainbow. [NIST]

To cause a flow (material, energy, signal) to break up. The individual bits are similar to each other and the undistributed flow. [NIST]

An atomizer distributes (or sprays) hair-styling liquids over the head to hold ther hair in the desired style. [NIST]

To separate a flow. [NIST]

A vending machine divides the sold form of coins into appropriate denominations. [NIST]

To take away a part of a flow from its prefixed place. [NIST]

A sander removes small pieces of the wood surface to smooth the wood. [NIST]

To draw, or forcibly pullout, a flow. [NIST]

A vacuum cleaner extracts depris from the imported mixture and exports clean air to the environment. [NIST]

A sort function is a function to distinguish flows based on some associated physical quality or entity and to distribute the separate components into distinct fractions according to a defined order. [Allotrope]

To cause a flow (material, energy, signal) to move from one location to another location. [NIST]

To send a flow (material, energy, signal) outside the system boundary. [NIST]

Pouring blended food out of a standard blender pitcher exports liquid from the system. [NIST]

To bring in a flow (material, energy, signal) from outside the system boundary. [NIST]

A physical opening at the top of a blender pitcher imports a solid (food) into the system. [NIST]

To direct the course of a flow (material, energy, signal) along a specific path. [NIST]

To control the movement of a flow by a force external to the device into one or more directions. [NIST]

To fix the movement of a flow by a device around one axis. [NIST]

To fix the movement of the flow by a device into one linear direction. [NIST]

To combine two flows (material, energy, signal) into a single, uniform homogeneous mass. [NIST]

A shaker mixes a paint base and its dyes to form a homogeneous liquid. [NIST]

To join or bring together flows (material, energy, signal) such that the members are still distinguishable from each other. [NIST]

To couple flows together by means of an intermediary flow. [NIST]

A turnbuckle links two endsof a steering cable together. [NIST]

To couple flows together in a predetermined manner. [NIST]

A ratchet joins a socket on its square shaft interface. [NIST]

To adjust the flow of energy, signal, or material in response to a control signal, such as a characteristic of a flow. [NIST]

Turning the valves regulates the flow rate of the liquid flowing from a faucet. [NIST]

To commence the flow of energy, signal or material in response to an imported control signal. [NIST]

A circuit switch actuates the flow of electrical energy and turns on a light bulb. [NIST]

To enlarge a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST]

To reduce a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST]

To adjust the flow of energy, signal, or material in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]

To enlarge a flow in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]

To reduce a flow in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]

To mold or form a flow. [NIST]

To render a flow appropriate for the desired use. [NIST]

To prevent damage to electrial equipment, a surge protector conditions electrical energy by excluding spikes and nose (usually through capacitors) from the energy path. [NIST]

To cease, or prevent, the transfer of a flow (material, energy, signal). [NIST]

A reflective coating on a window stops the transmission of UV radiation through a window. [NIST]

To keep a flow from happening. [NIST]

A submerged gate on a dam wall prevents water from flowing to the other side. [NIST]

To significantly restrain a flow, though a portion of the flow continues to be transferred. [NIST]

The structures of space vehicles inhibits the flow of radiation to protect crew and cargo.  [NIST]

To change from one form of a flow (material, energy, signal) to another. [NIST]

An electrical motor converts electricity to rotational energy. [NIST]

To accumulate or provide a material or energy flow. [NIST]

To provide information on a material, energy or signal flow as an output signal flow. The information providing flow passes through the function unchanged. [NIST]

To keep a flow within limits. [NIST]

A vacuum bag contains debris vacuumed from a house. [NIST]

To provide a flow from storage. [NIST]

In a flashlight, the battery supplies energy to the bulb. [NIST]

To observe and record data from a flow. [NIST]

By tracking the performance of batteries, the low efficiency point can be determined. [NIST]

To prevent a flow from changing course or location. [NIST]

On a typical canister vacuum, the center of gravity is placed at a low elevation to stabilize the vacuum when it is pulled by the hose. [NIST]

To place a flow (material, energy, signal) into a specific location or orientation. [NIST]

The coin slot on a soda machine positions the coin to begin the coin evaluation and transportation procedure. [NIST]

To decompose is the function to breakdown a single phase into two or more phases by heating or treatment with acid, alkali or enzymes. [Allotrope]

To transport is the function to transfer material. [Allotrope]

To shift, or convey, a flow (material, energy, signal) from one place to another. [NIST]

The function to maintain something. [Allotrope]

The function to make a whole out of many. [Allotrope]

The function to bring something into existence. [Allotrope]

To sample is the function of to take parts or partitions of an object aggregate or data set for the interest for studying it. [Allotrope]

A material entity that occupies space and possesses a rest mass. [Allotrope]

A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. [CL]

A natural material is any product or physical matter that comes from plants, animals, or the ground. Minerals and the metals that can be extracted from them (without further modification) are also considered to belong into this category. [Wikipedia]

Energy must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat the object. It can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. [Wikipedia]

A form of energy that is transferred between bodies as a result of a temperature difference. [NIST]

Energy flow generated or required by a translation or virtual translation. [NIST]

Work resulting from the reactions by which substances are produced from or converted into other substances. [NIST]

A battery converts the flow of chemical energy into electical energy.

Work resulting from the flow of electrons from a negative to a positive source. [NIST]

Energy that results from a rotation or a virtual rotation. [NIST]

Work that results from the movement or force of a liquid, including hydrostatic forces. [NIST]

Energy that is propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of electro-magnetic waves. [NIST]

Work resulting from a compressed gas. [NIST]

A form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers. [Wikipedia]

Electromagnetic radiation which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometers. [Wikipedia]

An electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm. [Wikipedia]

Electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light. It extends from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometer, to 1 micrometers. [Wikipedia]

Electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei and having wavelengths less than 10 picometers. [Allotrope]

Volumetry is a type of quantitative analysis that measures the quantity of a compound by quantifying its volume. [Allotrope]

Any type of vibrational spectroscopy where the Raman scattering of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range by a sample is detected. [CHMO]

The measurement of the size distribution in a collection of grains. [CHMO]

The measurement of the light transmitted through a sample for a given wavelength. [CHMO]

The measurement of the overall charge a particle acquires in a specific medium. A number of different experimental methods can be used including electrophoretic light scattering and laser Doppler velocimetry. [CHMO]

A mixing step where a soluble component is mixed with a liquid component. [CHMO]

A flame ionization measurement is a measurement which is sensitive to compounds containing C-H bonds. A flow of carrier gas containing the sample is mixed with H2 and air and ignited. Any positively-charged radicals resulting from this process are collected at a cathode, allowing the current to be measured. [CHMO]

Cleaning is the process of getting rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous unwanted matter. [Allotrope]

Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid. [CHMO]

Any method for determining structure by directing a beam of particles or X-rays onto an extremely flat surface and measuring the intensity of the reflected radiation as a function of angle. [CHMO]

Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to its critical temperature and pressure. [CHMO]

Vortexing is a process of mixing that creates a vortex in the solution usually using a vortexer. [Allotrope]

The measurement of the pore diameter, pore-size distribution and total pore volume of a sample. [CHMO]

Fraction collection is the collection of fractional volumes of the column effluent. [IUPAC]

A type of spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation in the range ultraviolet to near-infrared (0.1-2.5 µm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO]

Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a gas. [CHMO]

An instance of gas chromatography can be a single-injection GC run.

The measurement and study of dimensional changes in polymers as a function of temperature, fluid absorption, mechanical stress or chemical reaction. [CHMO]

An assay that generates data about the presence, quantity, structure, function, behavior, or activity of cells, or a process that occurs at a cellular level of anatomical granularity (includes subcellular structures and organelles). [VIVO-ISF]

A branching process that isolates flows into distinct component flows. The separated components are distinct from the flow before separation, as well as each other. [NIST]

A process of creating or modifying a plan specification. [OBI]

The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a robot scientist executing software. [OBI]

Weighing is the measuring of weight of an object. Weight related to the amount of force acting on the object, either due to gravity or to a reaction force that holds it in place. [Wikipedia]

Peak picking is a data transformation to convert profile spectral data into centroided spectral data. [Allotrope]

The measurement of the conductance of a solution as a function of concentration. Measurements are made indirectly across the resistance of the solution with alternating current. [CHMO]

The study of the interaction of a sample with radiation or particles for measurement or detection. [CHMO]

The measurement of the osmotic strength of a substance which often used to determine its molecular weight. [CHMO]

Loading is the addition of a material to a new location. [Allotrope]

The loading step of IEF is the mixing of the sample with the appropriate ampholytes and loading the mixture into the capillary. [Allotrope]

An electrochemical technique where the cell current is measured whilst the potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is controlled. [CHMO]

Dilution is the process of adding a solvent to a solution to lower its concentration. [Allotrope]

A heat treatment that alters the microstructure of a material causing changes in its properties such as strength and hardness. [CHMO]

A purification is a removing process that is used to physically separate an analyte from byproducts, reagents or contaminating substances. [Allotrope, CHMO]

The study of the flow of fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity. Rheometry is the measurement of the relationship between deformation and stress for these liquids. [CHMO]

A method for determining surface area by measuring the amount of an inert gaseous or liquid substance (the 'sorbent', usually H2 or N2) which adsorbs onto the surface of interest (the 'sorbate'), and the subsequent amount that desorbs at a constant temperature. Regression analysis is then applied to the data, resulting in an isotherm. [CHMO]

Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field. [Wikipedia]

An electrochemical technique where the cell current is measured as a function of time and as a function of the potential between the indicator and reference electrodes. [CHMO]

Detecting is observing the presence of an entity. This occurs when a threshold value of a quantity (quality, disposition, process property) is exceeded. [Allotrope]

The method used to obtain the integral of a function or curve. [Allotrope]

Peak separation is a data transformation that allows to distinguish between two peaks. [Allotrope]

Removing data is a data transformation that removes parts from an aggregate of data. [Allotrope]

Electron capture measurement is a measurement that is sensitive to electronegative compounds (e.g. halogenated compounds). A beta-particle emitter (e.g. 63Ni) is used to produce an electron beam, which is passed between two electrodes. As the sample is passed through the e-beam, organic functional groups interact with the electrons, interrupting the current. [Allotrope, CHMO]

A measurement of the blood, it's contents, cells or other factors contained within the blood. [CMO]

The determination of the relative strength of a substance (e.g., a drug or hormone or toxicant) by comparing its effect on a test organism with that of a standard preparation. [Wikipedia]

The measurement of the extent to which a sample interacts with polarized electromagnetic radiation by transmission, reflection, refraction, or diffraction. [CHMO]

The combining of components, particles or layers into a more homogeneous state. The mixing may be achieved manually or mechanically by shifting the material with stirrers or pumps or by revolving or shaking the container. The process must not permit segregation of particles of different size or properties. Homogeneity may be considered to have been achieved in a practical sense when the sampling error of the processed portion is negligible compared to the total error of the measurement system. [CHMO]

A measurement method which obtains the concentration or quantity of a specified substance in an analyte. [CHMO]

Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid and the stationary phase is a solid. [CHMO]

Any technique for measuring charge transport. [CHMO]

The measurement of the strength and/or direction of magnetic fields, or the magnetic susceptibility of a sample. [CHMO]

Sampling material is sampling of a material of interest for studying. [Allotrope]

pulling a small sample outside a bioreactor

A separation method where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary, while the other moves in a definite direction. [CHMO]

Synthesis is a planned material process that combines, changes or converts material to produce a new material. [Allotrope]