AFT Molecular Scale - Perspective (REC/2020/09)

An ion is an atomic or molecular particle having a net electric charge. [IUPAC]

An anion (-) is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged). [Wikipedia]

A cation (+) is an ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge. [Wikipedia]

The positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. [IUPAC]

Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin quantum number 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000 548 579 903(13) u. [IUPAC]

A proton is a nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin quantum number of 1/2 and rest mass of 1.00727647012 u. [IUPAC]

A neutron is a nuclear particle of zero charge, spin quantum number 1/2 and a mass of 1.00866490414 u. [IUPAC]

An atom is a smallest particle still characterizing a chemical element. It consists of a nucleus of a positive charge carrying almost all its mass (more than 99.9%) and Z electrons determining its size. [IUPAC]

A molecular quality is a chemical quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. [Allotrope].

Molecular mass is a molecular quality inhered in a molecular entity that expresses its mass relative to 1/12 of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest. [Allotrope]

Mass-to-charge ratio is a molecular quality that expresses the ratio of the molecular mass to the charge number of a molecular entity. [Allotrope]

This quality is itself a ratio of relative qualities, the molecular mass is relative to the unified atomic mass unit and the electric charge to the elementary charge. [Allotrope]

A molecular formula is a molecular quality that inhers in a molecular entity by the relative amount of component atoms. [Allotrope]

Electron energy is the translational energy that electrons acquire when accelerated in an electric field. [IUPAC]

Isotopic distribution is a molecular quality inhered in a molecule by the distribution of different isotopes in the molecule. [Allotrope]

An ion facet is a molecular facet that is about some ion. [Allotrope]

Charge state is a facet that is about the electrical charge of an ion. It is single or multiple and positive or negatively charged. [Allotrope]

A molecular entity facet is a facet that is about some molecular entity such as atoms, ions or molecules. [Allotrope]

A molecular formula is a molecular entity facet which identifies each constituent element by its chemical symbol and indicates the number of atoms of each element found in each discrete molecular entity of that compound. [CHEMINF]

An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. [CHEBI]

An elemental molecule consisting of two bivalently-bonded oxygen atoms. [Allotrope]

An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. [CHEBI]

A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. [CHEBI]

A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. [CHEBI]

A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. [CHEBI]

An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms. [CHEBI]

An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. [CHEBI]

Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. [IUPAC]

A molecule is a polyatomic molecular entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. [Allotrope]

A photon is a particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hν and momentum hν/c (h is the Planck constant, ν the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. [IUPAC]

A nucleon is either a proton or a neutron. [Wikipedia]

An atom of the chemical element Helium. [Allotrope]

Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). [CHEBI]

Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). [CHEBI]

Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. [CHEBI]

A boson is a particle that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. [Wikipedia]

A subatomic particle is a material that is below the scale of an atom. [Allotrope]

A nuclear particle is a nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. [CHEBI]

An silver(1+) ion is a +1 charged silver cation. [Allotrope]

Affinity is a molecular quality that arises from the molecular attraction exerted between two atoms or compounds. [PATO]

Polarity is a molecular quality that inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of whether or not the molecular entity has a separation of electric charge which leads to the molecule having an electric dipole. [PATO]

Electric charge is a molecular quality that inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the overall electric charge of the molecule, which is due to a comparison between the total number of electrons and the total number of protons. [PATO]

Neutral charge is a quality which inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the molecular entity possessing the same amount of electrons overall as protons, thus having an overall neutral charge. [PATO]

Positive charge is a quality which inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the molecular entity possessing more protons overall than electrons, thus having an overall positive charge. [PATO]

Negative charge is a quality which inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the molecular entity possessing more electrons overall than protons, thus having an overall negative charge. [PATO]