Space Resources Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: SROnto
acronym: SROnto
created: 2022-05-03
creator: Cedric Pruski (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2103-0431)
creator: Emmanuel Scolan (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-6670)
creator: Louis Deladiennee (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0924-8446)
creator: Marcos Da Silveira (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2604-3645)
publisher: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (https://ror.org/01t178j62)
description: This is the Space Resource Ontology (SROnto) developed to support the space resource utilzation activities by providing a semantically coherent representations of relevant entities.
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
rights holder: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology
preferred namespace prefix: sro
version info: version 1.0.0 published at 2022-05-03

editor preferred term
type: AnnotationProperty

example of usage
type: AnnotationProperty

has curation status
type: AnnotationProperty

definition
type: AnnotationProperty

editor note
type: AnnotationProperty

term editor
type: AnnotationProperty

alternative term
type: AnnotationProperty

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty

curator note
type: AnnotationProperty

imported from
type: AnnotationProperty

expand expression to
type: AnnotationProperty

OBO foundry unique label
type: AnnotationProperty

elucidation
type: AnnotationProperty

temporal interpretation
type: AnnotationProperty

is a defining property chain axiom
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL

is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R.

has COP discussion thread
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A URL referencing the page or thread where class is being or has been discussed in a Community of Practice hosted on the Environment Live portal by UN Environment and GEO.

UN endorsed definition
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A definition which has been endorsed by a UN body such as the UN General Assembly.

UN endorsed label
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A label which has been endorsed by a UN body such as the UN General Assembly.

UN SDG Target ID
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An annotation property which has as its value the ID used by the United Nations to identify instances of a target of the sustainable development goals.

UNEP preferred label
type: AnnotationProperty

UNEP definition
type: AnnotationProperty

UNEP ignore
type: AnnotationProperty

part of
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: has part
sub property of: overlaps
inverse of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: is part of
example of usage: my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
example of usage: this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
definition: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
editor note: Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
alternative term: part_of
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

has part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: has part
example of usage: my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
example of usage: this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
definition: a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
editor note: Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
alternative term: has_part
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

realized in
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: realizes
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity

preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ends after
inverse of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
property chain axiom: part of
property chain axiom: preceded by
editor preferred term: preceded by
definition: x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
editor note: An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
alternative term: is preceded by
alternative term: preceded_by
source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by
in subset: ro-eco

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally related to
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
property chain axiom: part of
property chain axiom: precedes
editor preferred term: precedes
definition: x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
in subset: ro-eco

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: contains process
domain: occurrent
range: independent continuant
property chain axiom: part of
property chain axiom: occurs in
editor preferred term: occurs in
definition: b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
alternative term: occurs_in
alternative term: unfolds in
alternative term: unfolds_in
comment: Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant

contains process
type: ObjectProperty
editor preferred term: site of
definition: [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
comment: Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant

is about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: information content entity

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about

is supported by data
type: ObjectProperty
domain: conclusion based on data
range: data item

has specified input
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: is_specified_input_of
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is_specified_input_of
domain: planned process

is_specified_input_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: planned process

has specified output
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: is_specified_output_of
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is_specified_output_of
domain: planned process

is_specified_output_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: planned process

achieves planned objective
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: objective achieved by
domain: planned process
range: objective specification

objective achieved by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: objective specification
range: planned process

inheres in
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: bearer of
sub property of: inheres in part of
inverse of: bearer of
editor preferred term: inheres in
example of usage: this fragility inheres in this vase
example of usage: this red color inheres in this apple
definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
alternative term: inheres_in
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
range: specifically dependent continuant
editor preferred term: bearer of
example of usage: this apple is bearer of this red color
example of usage: this vase is bearer of this fragility
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
alternative term: bearer_of
alternative term: is bearer of
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: has participant
inverse of: has participant
domain: continuant
range: occurrent
editor preferred term: participates in
example of usage: this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
example of usage: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
example of usage: this investigator participates in this investigation
definition: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
alternative term: participates_in

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: continuant
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: inheres in
property chain axiom: has participant
editor preferred term: has participant
example of usage: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
example of usage: this investigation has participant this investigator
example of usage: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editor note: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
alternative term: has_participant
source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: concretizes
inverse of: concretizes
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: specifically dependent continuant
definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inheres in
inverse of: has quality
example of usage: this red color is a quality of this apple
definition: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
alternative term: is quality of
alternative term: quality_of

role of
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: has role
sub property of: inheres in
inverse of: has role
definition: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
example of usage: this apple has quality this red color
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
alternative term: has_quality

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
domain: independent continuant
range: role
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

derives from
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: derives into
type: ReflexiveProperty
example of usage: this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
example of usage: this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
alternative term: derives_from
curator note: This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations.
in subset: ro-eco

derives into
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
example of usage: this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
alternative term: derives_into
in subset: ro-eco

location of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location

contained in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: contains
domain: material entity
range: independent continuant
property chain axiom: located in
property chain axiom: part of

contains
type: ObjectProperty

located in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location

coincident with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: mereotopologically related to
definition: A relation that holds between two linear structures that are approximately parallel to each other for their entire length and where either the two structures are adjacent to each other or one is part of the other.

has regulatory component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component activity
sub property of: regulated by
definition: A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B.

has negative regulatory component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has regulatory component activity
sub property of: negatively regulated by
definition: A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B.

has positive regulatory component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has regulatory component activity
sub property of: positively regulated by
definition: A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B.

has component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component process

has component process
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component
definition: w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.

has ligand
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has input
definition: A relationship that holds between between a receptor and an chemical entity, typically a small molecule or peptide, that carries information between cells or compartments of a cell and which binds the receptor and regulates its effector function.

directly regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulated by
inverse of: directly regulates

directly negatively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly regulated by
inverse of: directly negatively regulates
definition: Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.

Axiom
annotated source: directly negatively regulated by
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
has db xref: GOC:dos

directly positively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly regulated by
inverse of: directly positively regulates
definition: Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.

Axiom
annotated source: directly positively regulated by
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
has db xref: GOC:dos

has effector activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component activity
sub property of: regulates
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.

Axiom
annotated source: has effector activity
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
has db xref: GOC:dos

ends after
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally related to
type: TransitiveProperty
term editor: David Osumi-Sutherland
in subset: ro-eco
comment: X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)

immediately preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: preceded by
inverse of: immediately precedes
term editor: David Osumi-Sutherland
alternative term: starts_at_end_of
comment: X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)

immediately precedes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
term editor: David Osumi-Sutherland
alternative term: ends_at_start_of
alternative term: meets
RO_0002575: precedes
in subset: ro-eco
comment: X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)

overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: mereotopologically related to
property chain axiom: part of
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: overlaps
definition: x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
expand expression to: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
in subset: ro-eco

Axiom
annotated source: overlaps
annotated property: propertyChainAxiom
annotated target: has part
annotated target: part of
RO_0002582: true

partially overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
definition: x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x

spatially disjoint from
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: mereotopologically related to
definition: A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common
editor note: There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom.
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552
curator note: Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy
expand expression to: BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
in subset: ro-eco

connected to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: mereotopologically related to
domain: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: system
range: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: system
definition: a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b

has component
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
definition: w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.

develops from
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: developmentally preceded by
inverse of: develops into
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: independent continuant
range: independent continuant
definition: x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y

develops into
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: developmentally succeeded by
sub property of: has potential to develop into
sub property of: has potential to directly develop into
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: inverse of develops from

regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
inverse of: regulated by
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: process
range: process
property chain axiom: directly regulates
definition: process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
editor note: We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit
term editor: Chris Mungall
term editor: David Hill
term editor: Tanya Berardini
definition source: causal-relations
definition source: GO
curator note: Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process.
OBO foundry unique label: regulates (processual)
elucidation: false

negatively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: causally upstream of, negative effect
inverse of: negatively regulated by
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: negatively regulates (process to process)

positively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: causally upstream of, positive effect
inverse of: positively regulated by
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
definition: Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: positively regulates (process to process)

capable of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of part of
domain: independent continuant
range: process
example of usage: mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974)
example of usage: osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption'
definition: A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: has function realized in
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20123131
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208450
curator note: For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)".
expand expression to: RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only ?Y)
in subset: ro-eco

capable of part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to
sub property of: causal agent in
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: part of
definition: c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: has function in
expand expression to: RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only (BFO_0000050 some ?Y))

Axiom
annotated source: capable of part of
annotated property: propertyChainAxiom
annotated target: capable of
annotated target: part of
RO_0002582: true

actively participates in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
inverse of: has active participant
definition: x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: agent in

has active participant
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
example of usage: 'heart development' has active participant some Shh protein
definition: x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y
editor note: This may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relation
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: has agent
in subset: ro-eco

surrounded by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: adjacent to
inverse of: surrounds
definition: x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x
term editor: Chris Mungall
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

adjacent to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: spatially disjoint from
domain: independent continuant
range: independent continuant
example of usage: A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.
example of usage: The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis.
example of usage: The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies.
example of usage: The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used.
definition: x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary.
editor note: This relation acts as a join point with BSPO
term editor: Chris Mungall
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

Axiom
annotated source: adjacent to
annotated property: example of usage
annotated target: A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.

surrounds
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: adjacent to
definition: inverse of surrounded by
term editor: Chris Mungall
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
in subset: RO_0002259

temporally related to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: Allen's interval algebra
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
source: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit
in subset: ro-eco
comment: A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: input of
domain: process
range: material entity
definition: p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
definition: p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: consumes
in subset: ro-eco

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: output of
definition: p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: produces
in subset: ro-eco

has developmental contribution from
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: developmentally preceded by
inverse of: developmentally contributes to
domain: independent continuant
range: anatomical structure
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: develops from
definition: x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y

developmentally contributes to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: developmentally succeeded by
sub property of: has potential to developmentally contribute to
property chain axiom: develops into
property chain axiom: part of
definition: inverse of has developmental contribution from

developmentally preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: developmentally related to
inverse of: developmentally succeeded by
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p

acts upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of
definition: c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes.
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c enables 'p' and p' causally upstream of p

acts upstream of or within
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal agent in
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of or within
definition: c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables 'p' and p' causally upstream of or within p
definition: c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process.
has related synonym: affects

developmentally succeeded by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has developmental potential involving
definition: Inverse of developmentally preceded by

causally upstream of, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
sub property of: causally upstream of or within, positive effect
creator: cjm
comment: holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y

causally upstream of, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
sub property of: causally upstream of or within, negative effect
creator: cjm
comment: holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y

inheres in part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: depends on
property chain axiom: inheres in
property chain axiom: part of
property chain axiom: inheres in part of
definition: q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
editor note: Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064205
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

Axiom
annotated source: inheres in part of
annotated property: propertyChainAxiom
annotated target: inheres in
annotated target: part of
RO_0002582: true

mereotopologically related to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
term editor: Chris Mungall
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

developmentally related to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502)
term editor: Chris Mungall
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development

contributes to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of part of
sub property of: part of structure that is capable of
example of usage: ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity.
example of usage: Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity.
example of usage: eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to "ribosome binding". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex
editor note: We would like to say if and only if exists c', p' c part_of c' and c' capable_of p and c capable_of p' and p' part_of p then c contributes_to p However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction.
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: http://www.geneontology.org/GO.annotation.conventions.shtml#contributes_to
curator note: In the context of the Gene Ontology, contributes_to may be used only with classes from the molecular function ontology.

enables
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of
inverse of: enabled by
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: has component activity
example of usage: a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: catalyzes
alternative term: executes
alternative term: has
alternative term: is catalyzing
alternative term: is executing
curator note: This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized.
curator note: This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time.

functionally related to
type: ObjectProperty
term editor: Chris Mungall
curator note: This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function

part of structure that is capable of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to
property chain axiom: part of
property chain axiom: capable of
definition: this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p.
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: false

Axiom
annotated source: part of structure that is capable of
annotated property: propertyChainAxiom
annotated target: part of
annotated target: capable of
is a defining property chain axiom: true

involved in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: actively participates in
sub property of: involved in or involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: part of
property chain axiom: involved in
definition: c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: actively involved in
alternative term: enables part of

enabled by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to
sub property of:
  inverse of: capable of
definition: inverse of enables
term editor: Chris Mungall

regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally downstream of or within
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: process
range: process
definition: inverse of regulates
term editor: Chris Mungall
OBO foundry unique label: regulated by (processual)
in subset: RO_0002259

negatively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulated by
definition: inverse of negatively regulates
term editor: Chris Mungall
in subset: RO_0002259

positively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulated by
definition: inverse of positively regulates
term editor: Chris Mungall
in subset: RO_0002259

member of
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: has member
sub property of: part of
inverse of: has member
example of usage: An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
definition: is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
alternative term: is member of
alternative term: member part of
definition source: SIO
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

has member
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
definition source: SIO
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
sub property of: functionally related to
definition: inverse of has input
term editor: Chris Mungall
in subset: RO_0002259
in subset: ro-eco

output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
sub property of: functionally related to
definition: inverse of has output
term editor: Chris Mungall
in subset: RO_0002259
in subset: ro-eco

formed as result of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: output of
term editor: Chris Mungall

spatially coextensive with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
property chain axiom: located in
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: located in
definition: x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location

has developmental potential involving
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: developmentally related to
definition: x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction).

has potential to developmentally contribute to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has developmental potential involving
definition: x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y

has potential to develop into
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has developmental potential involving
definition: x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y

has potential to directly develop into
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has potential to develop into
definition: x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y

causally downstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: preceded by
sub property of: causally downstream of or within
inverse of: causally upstream of
definition: inverse of upstream of
term editor: Chris Mungall

immediately causally downstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: immediately preceded by
sub property of: causally downstream of
inverse of: immediately causally upstream of
term editor: Chris Mungall

causally related to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: related via dependence to
definition: This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes
editor note: This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yiel…
term editor: Chris Mungall
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

causally upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
sub property of: causally upstream of or within
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain
term editor: Chris Mungall

immediately causally upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: immediately precedes
sub property of: causally upstream of
definition: p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q.
term editor: Chris Mungall
RO_0002575: causally upstream of

causally upstream of or within
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between processes
inverse of: causally downstream of or within
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q.
editor note: We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: influences (processual)
has related synonym: affects

causally downstream of or within
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between processes
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: inverse of causally upstream of or within
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: causal-relations
in subset: RO_0002259

involved in regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of
sub property of: involved in or involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: regulates
property chain axiom: involved in
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some 'p' and p' regulates some p
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p
term editor: Chris Mungall

involved in positive regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: positively regulates
property chain axiom: involved in
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p
term editor: Chris Mungall

involved in negative regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
property chain axiom: involved in
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p
term editor: Chris Mungall

involved in or involved in regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
sub property of: functionally related to
sub property of: causal agent in
definition: c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: involved in or reguates

enables activity in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
sub property of: functionally related to
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: occurs in
example of usage: A protein that enables activity in a cytosol.
definition: c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d
definition: c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure.
term editor: Chris Mungall
alternative term: executes activity in
has exact synonym: enables activity in
label: is active in

Axiom
annotated source: enables activity in
annotated property: propertyChainAxiom
annotated target: enables
annotated target: occurs in
is a defining property chain axiom: true

Axiom
annotated source: enables activity in
annotated property: definition
annotated target: c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure.
has db xref: GOC:cjm
has db xref: GOC:dos

interacts with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
editor note: Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with'
editor note: This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact.
term editor: Chris Mungall
curator note: Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules.
has exact synonym: in pairwise interaction with
in subset: ro-eco

composed primarily of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
definition: x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y.

has part that occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: independent continuant
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: occurs in
definition: p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c.
term editor: Chris Mungall
in subset: ro-eco

Axiom
annotated source: has part that occurs in
annotated property: propertyChainAxiom
annotated target: has part
annotated target: occurs in
is a defining property chain axiom: true

causal agent in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between material entity and a process
inverse of: has causal agent
definition: A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
definition source: causal-relations
label: causal agent in process

causal relation between processes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q.
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: causal-relations
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

depends on
type: ObjectProperty
term editor: Chris Mungall

causal relation between material entities
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: material entity
range: material entity
editor note: The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: causal-relations
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

determined by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
sub property of: determined by part of
sub property of: causally influenced by
inverse of: determines
domain: system
range: material entity
example of usage: A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef
definition: s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s.
editor note: The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24330602
OBO foundry unique label: determined by (system to material entity)
creator: Chris Mungall
creator: Pier Buttigieg
in subset: ro-eco

determines
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally influences
definition: inverse of determined by
term editor: Chris Mungall
OBO foundry unique label: determines (material entity to system)
in subset: RO_0002259
in subset: ro-eco

determined by part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
sub property of: causal relation between material entities
domain: system
range: material entity
property chain axiom: determined by
property chain axiom: part of
definition: s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w.
term editor: Chris Mungall
in subset: ro-eco

Axiom
annotated source: determined by part of
annotated property: propertyChainAxiom
annotated target: determined by
annotated target: part of
RO_0002582: true

causally influenced by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between material entities
inverse of: causally influences
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: causally influenced by (material entity to material entity)

causally influences
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between material entities
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of
property chain axiom: has input
property chain axiom: enabled by
definition: Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: causally influences (material entity to material entity)

directly regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: immediately causally upstream of
definition: Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: directly regulates (processual)
RO_0002575: regulates

has part structure that is capable of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to
sub property of: causal relation between material entity and a process
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: capable of
example of usage: gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell'
definition: s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
term editor: Chris Mungall

causal relation between material entity and a process
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: material entity
range: process
definition: A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
editor note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: causal-relations

capable of regulating
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal agent in
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: regulates
example of usage: pyrethroid -> growth
definition: Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p.
definition source: causal-relations

capable of negatively regulating
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of regulating
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
definition: Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p.
definition source: causal-relations

capable of positively regulating
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of regulating
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: positively regulates
example of usage: renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction
definition: Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p.
definition source: causal-relations

has causal agent
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
definition: Inverse of 'causal agent in process'
definition: Inverse of 'causal agent in'
definition source: causal-relations
label: process has causal agent

related via dependence to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes.
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

directly positively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: positively regulates
sub property of: directly regulates
definition: Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2.

directly negatively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: negatively regulates
sub property of: directly regulates
definition: Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2.

produces
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: produced by
domain: material entity
range: material entity
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: occurs in
property chain axiom: has output
definition: a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix.
term editor: Melissa Haendel
in subset: ro-eco
comment: Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue.

produced by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a.
term editor: Melissa Haendel
in subset: ro-eco

realized in response to stimulus
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: realizable entity
range: material entity
property chain axiom: realized in response to
property chain axiom: has input
definition: A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M.

enables subfunction
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: has part
definition: Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P.

acts upstream of or within, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of or within, positive effect

acts upstream of or within, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of or within, negative effect

acts upstream of, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of
sub property of: acts upstream of or within, positive effect
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of, positive effect
definition: c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive

acts upstream of, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of
sub property of: acts upstream of or within, negative effect
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of, negative effect
definition: c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative

causally upstream of or within, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of or within

causally upstream of or within, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of or within

realized in response to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: realizable entity
range: process
property chain axiom: realized in
property chain axiom: causally downstream of
definition: r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r.
has exact synonym: triggered by process

Axiom
annotated source: realized in response to
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: triggered by process
has db xref: RO:cjm

able to be output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: process
comment: m 'able to be output of' p if and only if m can potentially be the output of a process p
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

benefits from
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: benefits to
domain: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: organism
range: resource
comment: A relation between a resource and an organism or organization, in which the organism or organization benefits from the resource.

benefits to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: resource
range: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: organism

has origin
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: site
comment: Object that is naturaly originated from a site.

is supported by study
type: ObjectProperty
domain: resource
range: information content entity
comment: Resource x is supported by study y if y provides information necessary to conclude x.

orbiting
type: ObjectProperty
domain: astronomical body
range: astronomical body
comment: curved trajectory of an astronomic body around another
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

owned by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: owns
domain: entity
range: owner
comment: something that belongs to something or someone

owns
type: ObjectProperty
domain: owner
range: entity
comment: The action of possess something.

transported by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: transports
domain: continuant
range: continuant
comment: being taked or carried from one place to another by an entity

transports
type: ObjectProperty
domain: continuant
range: continuant
comment: Action of take or carry (people or goods) from one place to another.

has light year value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: light year unit
range: Datatype
  one of: 9.46073×10^12 km
comment: Specification of the light year value

has Planck constant value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Planck constant
range: Datatype
  one of: 6.62607015×10-34 m2 kg/s
comment: Defines the Planck constant.

has speed of light value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: speed of light
range: Datatype
  one of: 299 792 458 m/s
comment: Defines the speed of light constant.

is measured in
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: measurement unit label
range: string
comment: Associates a unit to a physical quantity.

entity
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
elucidation: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
disjoint with: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: occurrent
definition: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
UNEP ignore: true

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: continuant
definition: An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
UNEP ignore: true

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
disjoint with: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
definition: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
editor note: can be defined by the axiom: (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
UNEP ignore: true

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
disjoint with: process
definition: A temporal region is an occurrent entity upon which a process can be projected.

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
definition: An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
definition: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])

Axiom
annotated source: process
annotated property: definition
annotated target: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/083-003

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
editor note: The tendency of something to act in a certain manner under given circumstances

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: quality
definition: A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
definition: b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
UNEP ignore: true

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.

fiat object part
type: Class
subclass of: material entity

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity

site
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof.

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
example of usage: The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
definition: A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
definition: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
UNEP ignore: true

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition source: BFO

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
disjoint with: immaterial entity
definition: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant

anatomical structure
type: Class
subclass of: material anatomical entity
imported from: caro.owl

material anatomical entity
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
imported from: caro.owl

gas molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: main group molecular entity
definition: Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).
has related synonym: gas molecular entities
has related synonym: gaseous molecular entities
has related synonym: gaseous molecular entity

Axiom
annotated source: gas molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: gas molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: gas molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: gaseous molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: gas molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: gaseous molecular entity
has db xref: ChEBI

water
type: Class
subclass of: oxygen hydride
subclass of: mononuclear parent hydride
subclass of: inorganic hydroxy compound
subclass of: liquid environmental material
definition: An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
has exact synonym: WATER
has exact synonym: Water
has exact synonym: oxidane
has exact synonym: water
has related synonym: BOUND WATER
has related synonym: H2O
has related synonym: HOH
has related synonym: Wasser
has related synonym: [OH2]
has related synonym: acqua
has related synonym: agua
has related synonym: aqua
has related synonym: dihydridooxygen
has related synonym: dihydrogen oxide
has related synonym: eau
has related synonym: hydrogen hydroxide

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: WATER
has db xref: PDBeChem

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: Water
has db xref: KEGG_COMPOUND

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: oxidane
has db xref: IUPAC
has synonym type: IUPAC NAME

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: water
has db xref: IUPAC
has synonym type: IUPAC NAME

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: BOUND WATER
has db xref: PDBeChem

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: H2O
has db xref: KEGG_COMPOUND

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: H2O
has db xref: UniProt

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: HOH
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: Wasser
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: [OH2]
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: acqua
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: agua
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: aqua
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: dihydridooxygen
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: dihydrogen oxide
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: eau
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: water
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: hydrogen hydroxide
has db xref: ChEBI

iron atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity

dihydrogen
type: Class
subclass of: gas molecular entity
subclass of: elemental molecule
subclass of: elemental hydrogen
definition: An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.
has exact synonym: dihydrogen
has related synonym: E 949
has related synonym: E-949
has related synonym: E949
has related synonym: H2
has related synonym: Hydrogen
has related synonym: molecular hydrogen

Axiom
annotated source: dihydrogen
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: dihydrogen
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: dihydrogen
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: dihydrogen
has db xref: IUPAC
has synonym type: IUPAC NAME

Axiom
annotated source: dihydrogen
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: E 949
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: dihydrogen
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: E-949
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: dihydrogen
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: E949
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: dihydrogen
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: H2
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: dihydrogen
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: H2
has db xref: KEGG_COMPOUND

Axiom
annotated source: dihydrogen
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: H2
has db xref: UniProt

Axiom
annotated source: dihydrogen
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: Hydrogen
has db xref: KEGG_COMPOUND

Axiom
annotated source: dihydrogen
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: molecular hydrogen
has db xref: ChEBI

manganese atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity

molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
definition: Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
has exact synonym: molecular entity
has related synonym: entidad molecular
has related synonym: entidades moleculares
has related synonym: entite moleculaire
has related synonym: molecular entities
has related synonym: molekulare Entitaet

Axiom
annotated source: molecular entity
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: molecular entity
has db xref: IUPAC
has synonym type: IUPAC NAME

Axiom
annotated source: molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: entidad molecular
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: entidades moleculares
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: entite moleculaire
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: molecular entities
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: molekulare Entitaet
has db xref: ChEBI

chemical entity
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
has exact synonym: chemical entity

Axiom
annotated source: chemical entity
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: chemical entity
has db xref: UniProt

biological role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
has related synonym: biological function

Axiom
annotated source: biological role
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: biological function
has db xref: ChEBI

hydroxides
type: Class
subclass of: oxygen molecular entity
subclass of: hydrogen molecular entity
subclass of: heteroatomic molecular entity
definition: Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).

inorganic molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
has related synonym: anorganische Verbindungen
has related synonym: inorganic compounds
has related synonym: inorganic entity
has related synonym: inorganic molecular entities
has related synonym: inorganics

Axiom
annotated source: inorganic molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: anorganische Verbindungen
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: inorganic molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: inorganic compounds
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: inorganic molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: inorganic entity
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: inorganic molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: inorganic molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: inorganic molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: inorganics
has db xref: ChEBI

elemental molecule
type: Class
subclass of: molecule
subclass of: elemental molecular entity
definition: A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
has related synonym: homoatomic molecule
has related synonym: homoatomic molecules

Axiom
annotated source: elemental molecule
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: homoatomic molecule
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: elemental molecule
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: homoatomic molecules
has db xref: ChEBI

molecule
type: Class
subclass of: polyatomic entity
definition: Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
has exact synonym: molecule
has related synonym: Molekuel
has related synonym: molecula
has related synonym: molecules
has related synonym: neutral molecular compounds

Axiom
annotated source: molecule
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: molecule
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: molecule
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: Molekuel
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: molecule
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: molecula
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: molecule
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: molecules
has db xref: IUPAC

Axiom
annotated source: molecule
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: neutral molecular compounds
has db xref: IUPAC

oxygen atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity

oxygen molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: chalcogen molecular entity
has exact synonym: oxygen molecular entity
has related synonym: oxygen molecular entities

Axiom
annotated source: oxygen molecular entity
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: oxygen molecular entity
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: oxygen molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: oxygen molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

sulfur atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity

boron atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity

silicon atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity

carbon atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity

nickel atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity

inorganic hydride
type: Class
subclass of: inorganic molecular entity
subclass of: hydrides
has related synonym: inorganic hydrides

Axiom
annotated source: inorganic hydride
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: inorganic hydrides
has db xref: ChEBI

elemental molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
has related synonym: homoatomic entity
has related synonym: homoatomic molecular entities
has related synonym: homoatomic molecular entity

Axiom
annotated source: elemental molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: homoatomic entity
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: elemental molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: homoatomic molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: elemental molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: homoatomic molecular entity
has db xref: ChEBI

elemental hydrogen
type: Class
subclass of: inorganic molecular entity
subclass of: elemental molecular entity
subclass of: hydrogen molecular entity

chalcogen molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: p-block molecular entity
definition: Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
has exact synonym: chalcogen molecular entity
has related synonym: chalcogen compounds
has related synonym: chalcogen molecular entities

Axiom
annotated source: chalcogen molecular entity
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: chalcogen molecular entity
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: chalcogen molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: chalcogen compounds
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: chalcogen molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: chalcogen molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

titanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity

main group molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
has related synonym: main group compounds
has related synonym: main group molecular entities

Axiom
annotated source: main group molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: main group compounds
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: main group molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: main group molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

noble gas molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity

hydrogen molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: s-block molecular entity
has related synonym: hydrogen compounds
has related synonym: hydrogen molecular entities

Axiom
annotated source: hydrogen molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: hydrogen compounds
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: hydrogen molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: hydrogen molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

s-block molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: main group molecular entity
definition: An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
has exact synonym: s-block molecular entity
has related synonym: s-block compounds
has related synonym: s-block molecular entities

Axiom
annotated source: s-block molecular entity
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: s-block molecular entity
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: s-block molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: s-block compounds
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: s-block molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: s-block molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

p-block molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: main group molecular entity
definition: A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
has related synonym: p-block compounds
has related synonym: p-block molecular entities
has related synonym: p-block molecular entitiy

Axiom
annotated source: p-block molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: p-block compounds
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: p-block molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: p-block molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: p-block molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: p-block molecular entitiy
has db xref: ChEBI

helium molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: noble gas molecular entity

elemental helium
type: Class
subclass of: helium molecular entity

hydrides
type: Class
subclass of: hydrogen molecular entity
subclass of: heteroatomic molecular entity
definition: Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.

oxygen hydride
type: Class
subclass of: chalcogen hydride
has exact synonym: oxygen hydride
has related synonym: hydrides of oxygen
has related synonym: oxygen hydrides

Axiom
annotated source: oxygen hydride
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: oxygen hydride
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: oxygen hydride
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: hydrides of oxygen
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: oxygen hydride
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: oxygen hydrides
has db xref: ChEBI

polyatomic entity
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
has related synonym: polyatomic entities

Axiom
annotated source: polyatomic entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: polyatomic entities
has db xref: ChEBI

chalcogen hydride
type: Class
subclass of: inorganic hydride
subclass of: chalcogen molecular entity
has exact synonym: chalcogen hydride
has related synonym: chalcogen hydrides

Axiom
annotated source: chalcogen hydride
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: chalcogen hydride
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: chalcogen hydride
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: chalcogen hydrides
has db xref: ChEBI

mononuclear parent hydride
type: Class
subclass of: hydrides
has exact synonym: mononuclear parent hydrides
has related synonym: mononuclear hydride
has related synonym: mononuclear hydrides

Axiom
annotated source: mononuclear parent hydride
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: mononuclear parent hydrides
has db xref: IUPAC
has synonym type: IUPAC NAME

Axiom
annotated source: mononuclear parent hydride
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: mononuclear hydride
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: mononuclear parent hydride
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: mononuclear hydrides
has db xref: IUPAC

heteroatomic molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: polyatomic entity
definition: A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
has related synonym: chemical compound
has related synonym: heteroatomic molecular entities

Axiom
annotated source: heteroatomic molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: chemical compound
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: heteroatomic molecular entity
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: heteroatomic molecular entities
has db xref: ChEBI

hydrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
subclass of: inorganic molecular entity

chemical role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.

inorganic hydroxy compound
type: Class
subclass of: hydroxides
subclass of: inorganic molecular entity
has related synonym: inorganic hydroxides

Axiom
annotated source: inorganic hydroxy compound
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: inorganic hydroxides
has db xref: ChEBI

persistent organic pollutant
type: Class
subclass of: environmental contaminant
definition: Any environmental contaminant that is resistant to environmental degradation through photolytic, biological or chemical processes. Such substances can have significant impact on health and the environment, as they persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in animal tissue and so biomagnify in food chains.
has related synonym: POP
has related synonym: POPs
has related synonym: persistent organic pollutants

Axiom
annotated source: persistent organic pollutant
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: POP
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: persistent organic pollutant
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: POPs
has db xref: ChEBI

Axiom
annotated source: persistent organic pollutant
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: persistent organic pollutants
has db xref: ChEBI

environmental contaminant
type: Class
subclass of: chemical role
definition: Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
has related synonym: environmental contaminants

Axiom
annotated source: environmental contaminant
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: environmental contaminants
has db xref: ChEBI

hydrographic feature
type: Class
subclass of: liquid environmental material
definition: A geographical feature associated with water.
has related synonym: fluvial feature

lake
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
definition: A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass.
has narrow synonym: catch basin
has narrow synonym: open water
has narrow synonym: tarn
has related synonym: broad
has related synonym: llyn
has related synonym: loch
has related synonym: lochan
has related synonym: lough
has related synonym: mere
has related synonym: mortlake
has related synonym: pasteuer lake

construction
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: environmental material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: construction process
subclass of: anthropogenic environment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: technosphere
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: construction process
definition: A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort.
has exact synonym: constructed feature

Axiom
annotated source: construction
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort.
has db xref: MA:ma

caldera
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
disjoint with: crater
definition: A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption.
editor note: Caldera differs from craters because it is the inward collapse of a volcano, while craters is the result of outward explosion of rocks and other materials.
has db xref: FTT:384
has db xref: Geonames:T.CLDA
has db xref: TGN:21409
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera
has exact synonym: caldera
has related synonym: crater

Axiom
annotated source: caldera
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption.
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera

Axiom
annotated source: caldera
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: caldera
has db xref: Geonames:feature

Axiom
annotated source: caldera
annotated property: hasRelatedSynonym
annotated target: crater
has db xref: USGS:SDTS

volcano
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
definition: An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.
has broad synonym: mount
has db xref: EcoLexicon:volcano
has db xref: FTT:592
has db xref: Geonames:T.VLC
has db xref: TGN:21406
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
has exact synonym: Volcano
has exact synonym: volcano

Axiom
annotated source: volcano
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano

Axiom
annotated source: volcano
annotated property: hasBroadSynonym
annotated target: mount
has db xref: USGS:SDTS

Axiom
annotated source: volcano
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: Volcano
has db xref: NASA:earthrealm

Axiom
annotated source: volcano
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: volcano
has db xref: Geonames:feature

rock
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
definition: A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.

waste water
type: Class
subclass of: contaminated water
subclass of: waste material
definition: Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence.

mesoscopic physical object
type: Class
subclass of: environmental material
definition: An environmental feature that is, or can be, contained and is predominantly composed of one or a few types of stuff.
definition: An object which is large enough to be visible to humans, but small enough that humans can handle the object (i.e. transport it, examine it, etc) in its entirety with little to no technological assistance.
label: physical object of mesoscopic geological size

Axiom
annotated source: mesoscopic physical object
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An environmental feature that is, or can be, contained and is predominantly composed of one or a few types of stuff.
has db xref: MA:ma

air
type: Class
subclass of: gaseous environmental material
definition: The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth.

dust
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
definition: Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere.

fresh water
type: Class
subclass of: water
definition: Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride.
has exact synonym: freshwater
has related synonym: sweet water

igneous rock
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: rock
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: derives from
    some values from: lava
subclass of: rock
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: derives from
  some values from: lava
definition: Rock formed from molten magma.

sedimentary rock
type: Class
subclass of: rock
definition: A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis.
has db xref: EcoLexicon:sedimentary_rock
has db xref: SWEETRealm:SedimentaryRock
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock
has OBO namespace: ENVO
id: ENVO:00002016

Axiom
annotated source: sedimentary rock
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis.
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29

sewage
type: Class
subclass of: waste water
definition: Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine,

contaminated water
type: Class
subclass of: water
has exact synonym: polluted water

pulp-bleaching waste water
type: Class
subclass of: waste water

waste material
type: Class
subclass of: anthropogenic environment
subclass of: environmental material
definition: A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process).

manufactured product
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: processed material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: manufacturing process
definition: A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products.
has exact synonym: manufactured good

Axiom
annotated source: manufactured product
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products.
comment: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product

anthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic feature
type: Class
subclass of: abiotic mesoscopic physical object

abiotic mesoscopic physical object
type: Class
subclass of: mesoscopic physical object

lava
type: Class
subclass of: liquid environmental material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: environmental material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has quality
      some values from: liquid quality
definition: Lava is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids which has extruded beyond a planetary crust.
definition: Some use 'lava' to refer to rock that is formed when lava cools. This is not the intended meaning of this class. See 'igneous rock' or similar.

basalt
type: Class
subclass of: igneous rock
editor note: Basalt is composed primarily of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene; other minerals such as olivine and ilmenite are usually present.
comment: Fine-grained, dark-colored extrusive igneous rock with less than about 52 weight percent silica (SiO2).

environmental system
type: Class
subclass of: system
definition: A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
has exact synonym: environment

Axiom
annotated source: environmental system
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
has db xref: DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43

water vapour
type: Class
subclass of: gaseous environmental material
definition: Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water.
has exact synonym: aqueous vapor
has exact synonym: aqueous vapour
has exact synonym: water vapor

atmosphere
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: gaseous environmental material
subclass of: layer
definition: An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body.
has exact synonym: atmospheric layer

atmospheric water vapour
type: Class
subclass of: water vapour
subclass of: atmospheric gas
definition: Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere.
has exact synonym: atmospheric water vapor

layer
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A layer is a quantity of some material which is spatially continuous, has comparable thickness, and usually covers some surface.

anthropogenic environment
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: environmental system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: determined by
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: output of
      some values from: anthropisation
subclass of: environmental system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: anthropisation
definition: An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity.

andesite
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: igneous rock
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: derives from
    some values from: lava
subclass of: igneous rock
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: derives from
  some values from: lava
definition: Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite, and ranges from 57 to 63 percent silicon dioxide as illustrated in TAS diagrams. The mineral assemblage is typically dominated by plagioclase plus pyroxene and/or hornblende. Magnetite, zircon, apatite, ilmenite, biotite, and garnet are common accessory minerals. Alkali feldspar may be present in minor amounts.

dacite
type: Class
subclass of: igneous rock
definition: Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock. It has an aphanitic to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite and/or enstatite). It has quartz as rounded, corroded phenocrysts, or as an element of the ground-mass. The plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine and labradorite. Sanidine occurs, although in small proportions, in some dacites, and when abundant gives rise to rocks that form transitions to the rhyolites.

atmospheric carbon dioxide
type: Class
subclass of: atmospheric gas
definition: Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an environmental material composed of carbon dioxide in its gaseous form present in an atmosphere.

atmospheric ozone
type: Class
subclass of: atmospheric gas
definition: Atmospheric ozone is an environmental material primarily composed of ozone in its gaseous form and present in an atmosphere.
has related synonym: atmospheric ozone

troposphere
type: Class
subclass of: atmosphere
definition: The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause.
definition source: WHIT

exosphere
type: Class
subclass of: atmosphere
definition: The exosphere is an atmospheric layer where molecules are gravitationally bound to a planetary body, but where their density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with interplanetary space. It is located directly above the thermosphere.

outer space
type: Class
subclass of: environmental material
definition: Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies.
has broad synonym: space

Axiom
annotated source: outer space
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies.
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space

waste role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further.

mass wasting
type: Class
subclass of: material transport process
definition: Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides.
has broad synonym: mass movement
has exact synonym: slope movement

recycling process
type: Class
subclass of: environmental system process
definition: A process in which some input bearing a waste role is consumed to produce an output which bears a resource role.

carbon-bearing gas emission process
type: Class
subclass of: hydrocarbon gas emission process
definition: A carbon emission process is any environmental process which outputs a carbon-bearing gas.
has broad synonym: carbon emission process

bedrock
type: Class
subclass of: rock
definition: A lithified mass of rock that lies under the loose softer material (regolith) at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planet.

gaseous environmental material
type: Class
subclass of: environmental material
definition: A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely.
has narrow synonym: gas

plasma
type: Class
subclass of: environmental material
definition: A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields.
editor note: An NTR for `quality of a plasma` has been posted on the PATO tracker: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/88
has db xref: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plasma
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29

astronomical body
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical object
definition: An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space.
has related synonym: celestial body

Axiom
annotated source: astronomical body
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space.
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object

planet
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical body
definition: A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.

star
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical body
definition: An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces.

planetary moon
type: Class
subclass of: natural satelite
definition: An astronomical body which orbits a planet of comparatively greater mass.

astronomical object
type: Class
subclass of: environmental material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded by
  some values from: outer space
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: astronomical body
definition: An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space.
has related synonym: celestial object

Axiom
annotated source: astronomical object
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space.
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object

astronomical body part
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: astronomical body
definition: A material part of an astronomical body.

solid environmental material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: environmental material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: solid quality
subclass of: environmental material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: solid quality
definition: An environmental material which is in a solid state.

liquid environmental material
type: Class
subclass of: environmental material
definition: An environmental material which is in a liquid state.

biosphere
type: Class
subclass of: gaseous environmental material
subclass of: ecosystem
definition: A biosphere is a part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact.
definition: A biosphere is an environmental system which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body, and the non-living and dead entities which they interact with.

Axiom
annotated source: biosphere
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A biosphere is an environmental system which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body, and the non-living and dead entities which they interact with.
has db xref: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere

natural environment
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: environmental system
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: Restriction
      on property: formed as result of
      some values from: anthropisation
subclass of: environmental system
definition: An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition.

Axiom
annotated source: natural environment
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition.
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment

anthropisation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anthropogenic environmental process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has input
    some values from: natural environment
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: anthropogenic environment
subclass of: anthropogenic environmental process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: natural environment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: anthropogenic environment
definition: A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action.
has exact synonym: anthropization

Axiom
annotated source: anthropisation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action.
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization

mass liquid flow
type: Class
subclass of: advective transport process
definition: A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces.

technosphere
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical body part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: construction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: manufactured product
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: overlaps
  some values from: biosphere
definition: A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body.
definition: An environmental system which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body.

Axiom
annotated source: technosphere
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An environmental system which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body.
has db xref: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743
has db xref: http://www.yourdictionary.com/technosphere
has db xref: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161130085021.htm

manufacturing process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anthropisation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: manufactured product
subclass of: anthropisation
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: manufactured product
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: achieves planned objective
  some values from: manufacturing objective
definition: A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.

Axiom
annotated source: manufacturing process
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing

construction process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anthropisation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: construction
subclass of: anthropisation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: construction
definition: An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures.

ecosystem
type: Class
subclass of: environmental system
definition: An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.

Axiom
annotated source: ecosystem
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.
has db xref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

advective transport process
type: Class
subclass of: material transport process
definition: A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilirium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged.
has exact synonym: advective transport

ore
type: Class
subclass of: rock
definition: a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock.

anthropogenic environmental process
type: Class
subclass of: environmental system process
definition: An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans.

environmental pollution
type: Class
subclass of: environmental system process
definition: An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment.
has exact synonym: pollution

soil pollution
type: Class
subclass of: environmental pollution
definition: A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil.

material transport process
type: Class
subclass of: environmental system process
definition: A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location.

gas emission process
type: Class
subclass of: material transport process
definition: A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere.

hydrocarbon gas emission process
type: Class
subclass of: gas emission process
definition: A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere.

biological process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
has exact synonym: biological process
has exact synonym: physiological process
has related synonym: single organism process
has related synonym: single-organism process

Axiom
annotated source: biological process
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
has db xref: GOC:go_curators
has db xref: GOC:isa_complete

measurement unit label
type: Class
subclass of: datum label

objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity

action specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity

datum label
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity

software
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity
definition: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.

directive information entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: realizable entity

dot plot
type: Class
subclass of: graph

graph
type: Class
subclass of: diagram

algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification

curation status specification
type: Class
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: curation status specification
definition: The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
term editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source: OBI_0000266

data format specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity

data set
type: Class
subclass of: data item

image
type: Class
subclass of: figure

data about an ontology part
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: action specification

measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item

histogram
type: Class
subclass of: graph

heatmap
type: Class
subclass of: graph

dendrogram
type: Class
subclass of: graph

scatter plot
type: Class
subclass of: graph

obsolescence reason specification
type: Class
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: obsolescence reason specification
definition: The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

figure
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity

diagram
type: Class
subclass of: figure

document
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity

denotator type
type: Class
subclass of: data about an ontology part
example of usage: The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities.
definition: A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters

documenting
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: document

planned process
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: plan specification
subclass of: process

regulator role
type: Class
subclass of: regulatory role

regulatory role
type: Class
subclass of: role

material supplier role
type: Class
subclass of: service provider role

classified data set
type: Class
subclass of: data set

processed material
type: Class
subclass of: material entity

investigation
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: documenting
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: planning
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has specified output
      some values from: study design
definition: to observe or study by close examination and systematic inquiry
has narrow synonym: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000471

investigation agent role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: inheres in
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: bearer of
      some values from: Restriction
        on property: concretizes
        some values from: Restriction
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  all values from: investigation

organization
type: Class
subclass of: material entity

protocol
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification

planning
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: plan specification

regulatory agency
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: regulator role
subclass of: organization

material transformation objective
type: Class
subclass of: objective specification

manufacturing objective
type: Class
subclass of: material transformation objective

manufacturer role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  all values from: manufacturing process

clustered data set
type: Class
subclass of: data set

manufacturer
type: Class
subclass of: material entity

service consumer role
type: Class
subclass of: role

service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  all values from: planned process

service provision objective
type: Class
subclass of: objective specification

service
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: planned process
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: realizes
      some values from: service consumer role
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: realizes
      some values from: service provider role
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: planned process

conclusion based on data
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is supported by data
  some values from: data item

organism
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.

data transformation
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: achieves planned objective
  some values from: data transformation objective
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: algorithm
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has part
        some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  all values from: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  all values from: data item

data visualization
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    union of: graph
    union of: image
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  all values from: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  all values from: Class
    union of: graph
    union of: image

data transformation objective
type: Class
subclass of: objective specification

study design
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: protocol

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
definition: A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
OBO foundry unique label: quality (PATO)
has exact synonym: trait

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
has db xref: PATOC:GVG

concentration of
type: Class
subclass of: physical quality
definition: A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance.
has exact synonym: concentration

viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: liquid quality
definition: A physical quality of a liquid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow.

physical quality
type: Class
subclass of: physical object quality
definition: A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
has exact synonym: relational physical quality

Axiom
annotated source: physical quality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
has db xref: PATOC:GVG

physical object quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality which inheres in a continuant.
has exact synonym: monadic quality of a continuant
has exact synonym: multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
has exact synonym: quality of a continuant
has exact synonym: quality of a single physical entity
has exact synonym: quality of an object
has exact synonym: quality of continuant
has narrow synonym: monadic quality of an object
has narrow synonym: monadic quality of continuant

Axiom
annotated source: physical object quality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A quality which inheres in a continuant.
has db xref: PATOC:GVG

solid quality
type: Class
subclass of: substance quality
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable.
has exact synonym: solidity

Axiom
annotated source: solid quality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable.
has db xref: Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/soliddefinition.htm

gas quality
type: Class
subclass of: substance quality
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape.
has exact synonym: gaseous

Axiom
annotated source: gas quality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape.
has db xref: Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/gasdefinition.htm
has db xref: PATOC:GVG

liquid quality
type: Class
subclass of: substance quality
definition: A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape.
has exact synonym: liquidity

Axiom
annotated source: liquid quality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape.
has db xref: url:http://www.chemistry-dictionary.com/definition/liquid.php

substance quality
type: Class
subclass of: physical quality
definition: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.

Axiom
annotated source: substance quality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.
has db xref: PATOC:GVG

system
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated.
editor note: May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43
term editor: Chris Mungall
definition source: http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43

length unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label

mass unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label

time unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label

temperature unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label

substance unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label

concentration unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label

volume unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label

frequency unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label

volumetric flow rate unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label

rate unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label

sustainable access system
type: Class
subclass of: access system
definition: A system that provides access to some resource in a sustainable manner. That is, this access will not irreversibly exhaust the resources on which the system depends.

right of access
type: Class
subclass of: right
definition: A disposition of a human societal system to recognise and protect, through various means, the ability of an entity to approach and use a resource.

permission to access
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition of an environmental system to allow an entity to approach and use a resource.
editor note: Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. Permission is similar to right, except that permission is not granted by a legal authority but controlled by individuals or populations. e.g. someone may have the right to access a well, but someone else may stop them from approaching it. Further, one need not have the right of access for a given resource in order to have the permission to access that resource.

resource utilization
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: resource
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: resource
definition: A process during which a resource is consumed and confers some benefit to the user.
editor note: Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. Unclear whether the resource must confer advantage to a user - the user may not be consuming the entity as a resource (i.e. triggering its resource disposition).
has exact synonym: use of a resource

Axiom
annotated source: resource utilization
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. Unclear whether the resource must confer advantage to a user - the user may not be consuming the entity as a resource (i.e. triggering its resource disposition).
comment: Since we define 'resource' wrt benefit, then "use" of resource implies the realization the resource role. Some process in which a material entity bearing a resource role participates, but does not realize that role, say, child removes twigs from bird nest, would not be a ‘use of resource process’, by definition. The twig’s resource role is realized in the bird’s building process, not child’s taking process. -MJ

approaching a resource
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process in which a potential consumer of a resource decreases their spatial distance to that resource, acting out of the right, permission, and ability of access.
editor note: Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology.
editor note: Unclear if only spatial proximity should be considered here. Also, a consumer need not have the right or permission of access to approach a resource.

exposure process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process which is causally within or downstream of another process whose direct or indirect effects cause one or more entities to realise one or more of their dispositions.
editor note: The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is possible.
editor note: This class may be replaced by a class in EXO, pending a clarification on the scope of its meaning. Right now it is essentially the same as 'interaction'. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/21
has COP discussion thread: https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23253/exposure
UNEP definition: A process during which an entity is impacted by some agent or preceeding event.
has broad synonym: exposure
comment: Consider that when "E died of exposure to P", E died as an outcome of the processes which were initiated by E's participation in P, in which E's dispositions to react to P (or its parts or participants) were realised.

exposure to contaminated environmental material
type: Class
subclass of: exposure process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has causal agent
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: environmental material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: chemical entity
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: An exposure process during which a portion of contaminated environmental material is the causal agent in an entity realising one or more of its dispositions.
editor note: Draft def and class for demo purposes. The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is likely.
UNEP definition: An exposure process during which an entity is directly or indirectly impacted by a contaminated environmental material.

exposure to contaminated water
type: Class
subclass of: exposure to contaminated environmental material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has causal agent
  some values from: contaminated water
definition: An exposure process during which a portion of contaminated water is the causal agent in an entity realising one or more of its dispositions.
editor note: Draft def and class for demo purposes. The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is likely.
UNEP definition: An exposure process during which an entity is impacted by contaminated water impacts an entity.

risk
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition of a bearer to realise one or more of its vulnerabilities when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a hazard or combination of hazards.
editor note: https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/22
has COP discussion thread: https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23229/risk
UNEP definition: The possibility that an entity's vulnerabilities will be realised when exposed to a hazard.
comment: Risk is increased when harm or damage is realised and when an entity is likely to encounter a hazard in some process. The probability of this disposition being realised can be assigned on the information or data level.

hazard disposition
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition of an entity to cause harm or damage to another entity.
editor note: Many things can have some degree of a 'hazard disposition' (e.g. the floor, a glass, etc). Thus, usage of this class should probably be linked to an estimated probability or a fixed list of hazards.

resilience strengthening process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process which increases an entity's disposition to recover its previous composition, qualities, and functionality following some perturbation.

tourism
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process during which a visitor travels to and stays in one or more places outside their usual environment for not more than one year for leisure, business, personal matters or any other main purpose not including employment by a resident entity in the country or place visited.
editor note: "visitor" to be represented: a human which has role visitor with WTO definitions
definition source: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/staticunwto/Statistics/Glossary+of+terms.pdf
UN endorsed definition: Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon related to the movement of people to places outside their usual place of residence. Tourism refers to the activity of visitors. A visitor is a traveller taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited. A visitor is classified as a tourist (overnight visitor) if his/her trip includes an overnight stay, or as a same-day visitor (excursionist) otherwise.
comment: Adapted from the definition used by the World Tourism Organization. All the activities performed by the visitor in preparation for and during their trip are parts of this process.

Axiom
annotated source: tourism
annotated property: UN endorsed definition
annotated target: Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon related to the movement of people to places outside their usual place of residence. Tourism refers to the activity of visitors. A visitor is a traveller taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited. A visitor is classified as a tourist (overnight visitor) if his/her trip includes an overnight stay, or as a same-day visitor (excursionist) otherwise.
definition source: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradeserv/tourism/manual.html

exposed tangible asset
type: Class
subclass of: asset
definition: A tangible asset which is at risk of being damaged by or lost during hazardous events.
editor note: The term "exposure" is often used to refer to the sum of entities, or their value, that are at risk of being damaged or destroyed by some process. We distinguish that from the process of exposure in SDGIO.
has COP discussion thread: https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23253/exposure
UN endorsed definition: The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas.
UN endorsed label: exposure
comment: Measures of exposure can include the number of people or types of assets in an area. These can be combined with the specific vulnerability and capacity of the exposed elements to any particular hazard to estimate the quantitative risks associated with that hazard in the area of interest.

Axiom
annotated source: exposed tangible asset
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A tangible asset which is at risk of being damaged by or lost during hazardous events.
comment: http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf

Axiom
annotated source: exposed tangible asset
annotated property: UN endorsed definition
annotated target: The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas.
definition source: http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf

Axiom
annotated source: exposed tangible asset
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Measures of exposure can include the number of people or types of assets in an area. These can be combined with the specific vulnerability and capacity of the exposed elements to any particular hazard to estimate the quantitative risks associated with that hazard in the area of interest.
has db xref: http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf

disaster risk
type: Class
subclass of: risk
definition: A risk that a bearer will realise vulnerabilities which result in the loss of human life, the injury of humans, or the damage of assets when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a hazard or combination of hazards beyond the bearer's coping capacity.
UN endorsed definition: The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity.
UN endorsed label: disaster risk
comment: The definition of disaster risk reflects the concept of hazardous events and disasters as the outcome of continuously present conditions of risk. Disaster risk comprises different types of potential losses which are often difficult to quantify. Nevertheless, with knowledge of the prevailing hazards and the patterns of population and socioeconomic development, disaster risks can be assessed and mapped, in broad terms at least. It is important to consider the social and economic contexts in which disaster risks occur and that people do not necessarily share the same perceptions of risk and their underlying risk factors.

Axiom
annotated source: disaster risk
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A risk that a bearer will realise vulnerabilities which result in the loss of human life, the injury of humans, or the damage of assets when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a hazard or combination of hazards beyond the bearer's coping capacity.
has db xref: http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf

Axiom
annotated source: disaster risk
annotated property: UN endorsed definition
annotated target: The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity.
definition source: http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf

Axiom
annotated source: disaster risk
annotated property: comment
annotated target: The definition of disaster risk reflects the concept of hazardous events and disasters as the outcome of continuously present conditions of risk. Disaster risk comprises different types of potential losses which are often difficult to quantify. Nevertheless, with knowledge of the prevailing hazards and the patterns of population and socioeconomic development, disaster risks can be assessed and mapped, in broad terms at least. It is important to consider the social and economic contexts in which disaster risks occur and that people do not necessarily share the same perceptions of risk and their underlying risk factors.
has db xref: http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf

owner role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: ownership process
definition: A role which is realised by a person during processes of exercising their right to use, occupy, sell, rent, or gift an object (such as a parcel of land).

resilience
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition of an entity to recover its previous composition, qualities, and functionality following some perturbation.
has COP discussion thread: https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23243/resilience
comment: This disposition is distinct from robustness, which pertains to an entity's ability to resist change when encountering perturbing forces.

established and operational policy
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A policy which is actively being implemented and managed in some set of appropriate processes for a long enough time to be generally accepted and functional.
editor note: Needs to aligned with upper level ontology and placed under a general term 'policy'.
comment: Draft

right bearer
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A organism or organization that is the bearer of a right.
editor note: Should be an equivalent class, need to add 'right' (organism or organization) AND bearer of some right
comment: draft

ownership process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
definition: A process during which a person or organization, the owner, exercises their right to use, sell, rent, or gift an object.
editor note: This may be converted into a relation rather than a class. Subrelations such as 'land ownership' would be defined by domain and range constraints.
has exact synonym: ownership
comment: The act of ownership is a process wherein an owner exercises their rights associated with owning and needs to be distinguished from acts associated with right of tenure.

Axiom
annotated source: ownership process
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A process during which a person or organization, the owner, exercises their right to use, sell, rent, or gift an object.
comment: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept

owner
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: owner role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: actively participates in
  some values from: ownership process
definition: A person or organization that participates in an ownership process wherein they realize their role as owner by exercising their right to use, sell, rent, or gift an object.

safe
type: Class
subclass of: risk
definition: A risk disposition which is very difficult to realise.
editor note: Defined class for organizational purposes. Need to work out examples of subclasses to see if the definition holds.
UNEP definition: Having a very low to negligible risk of being harmed.
comment: What determines some process or material is safe is dependent on the particular interplay between the processes, their participants, and the potential exposure to hazards, and to some extent, the policies being implemented to confirm or ensure something is safe. It is related to estimation of risk and thresholds.

right
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
comment: legal right

asset
type: Class
subclass of: usable resource
definition: A kind of resource under control of some person or organization which confers an economic benefit to that person or organization in an economic system.
editor note: An asset is an usable resource

industrialisation
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
definition: A process which results in manufacturing becoming the predominant economic activity within a nation or region.
editor note: Thresholds for predominance (just a bigger share than any other economic activity? greater than a third of all activity? one half?) would make this class more meaningful.

Axiom
annotated source: industrialisation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A process which results in manufacturing becoming the predominant economic activity within a nation or region.
has db xref: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept

processual asset
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: asset
subclass of: process
definition: A process which produces assets, increases the value of existing assets, leads to the realisation of non-material assets, or reduces the costs associated with some economic process.
editor note: https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/91

C-type asteroid
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: asteroid
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed primarily of
    some values from: concentration of carbonaceous material
subclass of: asteroid
comment: Asteroid volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals.

Deimos
type: Class
subclass of: planetary moon
definition: The smaller and outermost of the two satellites of Mars with an irregular shape and a diameter of approximately 9 miles (15 km)

Earth
type: Class
subclass of: planet
comment: The third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

Fresnel lens
type: Class
subclass of: manufactured product
comment: A Fresnel lens is a type of composite compact lens.

GTE probable quality
type: Class
subclass of: GTX probable quality
comment: The economically extractable part of GTX Probable Resource.
is defined by: LORS 101

GTE proved quality
type: Class
subclass of: GTX proved quality
comment: The economically extractable part of GTX Proved Resources.
is defined by: LORS 101

GTX possible quality
type: Class
subclass of: hypothetical quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is supported by study
  some values from: technical scoping study
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: derives from
  all values from: inferred quality
editor note: Geological and Technical Error range of 30% to +-69%, and a TRL equal and above 2
comment: The third highest classification level in terms of geological knowledge, technical certainty, and technology maturity, that a Resources Extraction project can have.
is defined by: LORS 101

GTX probable quality
type: Class
subclass of: hypothetical quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is supported by study
  some values from: technical pre-feasibility study
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: derives from
  all values from: indicated quality
editor note: Geological and Technical Error range of 20% to +-29%, and a TRL equal and above 5
comment: The second highest classification level in terms of geological knowledge, technical certainty, and technology maturity, that a Usable Resources project can have.
is defined by: LORS 101

GTX proved quality
type: Class
subclass of: real quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is supported by study
  some values from: technical detailed feasibility study
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: derives from
  all values from: measured quality
editor note: Geological and Technical Error range of 0% to +-19%, and a TRL equal and above 8
comment: The highest classification level in terms of geological knowledge, technical certainty, and technology maturity, that a Usable Resources project can have.
is defined by: LORS 101

M-type asteroid
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: asteroid
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed primarily of
    some values from: concentration of metals
subclass of: asteroid
definition source: https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/187738/azu_td_8421985_sip1_m.pdf
comment: Medium albedo bodies supposed to have a metallic composition and to be the progenitors both of differentiated iron-nickel meteorites and enstatite chondrites

Mars
type: Class
subclass of: planet
comment: The fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, being larger than only Mercury.

Phobos
type: Class
subclass of: planetary moon
definition: Phobos is the innermost and larger of the two natural satellites of Mars
definition source: Phobos (moon)

Planck constant
type: Class
subclass of: constant
comment: A constant value: 6.626x10-27 erg-seconds

S-type asteroid
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: asteroid
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed primarily of
    some values from: concentration of silicates
subclass of: asteroid
comment: Asteroids with a spectral type that is indicative of a siliceous (i.e. stony) mineralogical composition, hence the name.

abrasion process
type: Class
subclass of: anthropisation
comment: The process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away.

access
type: Class
subclass of: disposition to access
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: accessing process
editor note: The right and permission to access are dispositions that can describe the legal aspect of the access. Notice that the access right is not "access", but a kind of right.
has broad synonym: http://purl.unep.org/sdg/SDGIO_00000007
comment: A disposition that inheres in a organism or organization who bears the ability to reach an entity.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

access system
type: Class
subclass of: environmental system
editor note: The access system has the disposition to physically or virtually provide and allow use of a given resource. But, it requires that the user of that resource has the right and permission to access the resource.
has narrow synonym: http://purl.unep.org/sdg/SDGIO_00000005
comment: An environmental system which provides access to some resource.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

accessibility quality
type: Class
subclass of: physical quality
comment: Quality of an entity to be accessible or unaccessible.
is defined by: LORS 101

accessible
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: able to be output of
    some values from: accessing process
subclass of: accessibility quality
disjoint with: unaccessible
comment: Quality of an entity to be accessible.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

accessible resource
type: Class
subclass of: qualified resource
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: accessible
editor note: It can also be the conclusion of an investigation about the ability to extract a resource from a site using a extraction process. The conclusion can be "possible", "probable", and "prooved".
comment: A kind of resource that can potentially be accessed through a known accessing process.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

accessing process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anthropisation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: accessible resource
subclass of: anthropisation
comment: A process that enable the access to a resource.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

accretion
type: Class
subclass of: natural process
comment: The growth of planetary bodies from smaller objects by impact, one impact at a time. After formation, bodies are said to have "accreted" from small objects.

achondrite
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: A class of stony meteorites that crystallized from magmas.

age
type: Class
subclass of: physical quality
comment: The amount of time during which someone or something has lived or existed.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

agglutinates
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Agglutinates consist of comminuted rock, mineral, and glass fragments bonded together with glass. The glass is black in bulk but pale to dark brown in thin section, and is characteristically heterogeneous with dark-brown flow banding or “schlieren.” The glass contains many vesicles ranging in size from less than 1 micron to 1 cm and many minute, submicroscopic metallic Fe grains. The morphologies of agglutinates are delicate and complex. They are a common particle type in mature lunar soils.

albedo feature
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
comment: Geographic area distinguished by amount of reflected light

angrite
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: feldspar
    intersection of: olivine
    intersection of: pyroxene
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: A type of achondrite meteorite consisting of pyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase.

anorthosite
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: feldspar
subclass of: igneous rock
editor note: This rock dominates the lunar highlands.
comment: An igneous rock made up almost entirely of plagioclase feldspar.

aphelion
type: Class
subclass of: site
comment: Point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, or asteroid, or planet about the Sun in which it is at its farthest distance from the Sun.

arcus
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
comment: Arc-shaped feature

artificial satellite
type: Class
subclass of: spacecraft
comment: Human-made object intentionally placed into orbit.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

asteroid
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical body
has exact synonym: ENVO_01000803
comment: Minor planet of the inner Solar System.

astronaut
type: Class
subclass of: organism
comment: Person engaged in or trained for spaceflight.

astronomical site
type: Class
subclass of: site
comment: A site which has its extent determined by an astronomical body.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

astronomical unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
acronym: AU
comment: The mean Earth-Sun distance, equal to 149.5 million kilometers or 93 million miles.

astrum
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: astra
comment: Radial-patterned features on Venus

atmospheric gas
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: gaseous environmental material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: located in
    some values from: atmosphere
comment: The layer of gases retained by a astronomic body gravity and forms its atmosphere.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

atmospheric wind
type: Class
subclass of: natural process
has exact synonym: wind
comment: Natural movement of air or other gases inside the atmosphere of an astronomic body. The movements are relative to its surface.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

basin
type: Class
subclass of: crater
comment: An impact crater larger than 300 kilometers in diameter with two or more concentric rims and no central peak.

believe quality
type: Class
subclass of: physical object quality
comment: Express how convinced the bearer is about the matter or the doubts about it.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

beneficiation process
type: Class
subclass of: anthropisation
comment: Process that improves (benefits) the economic value of the ore by removing the gangue minerals, which results in a higher grade product (ore concentrate) and a waste stream (tailings).

boundary line
type: Class
subclass of: measurement datum
comment: A line dividing areas or properties.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

breccia
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Clastic rock composed of angular clasts cemented together in a finer grained matrix.

catena
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: catenae
comment: Chain of craters

cavus
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
comment: Hollows, irregular steep-sided depressions usually in arrays or clusters

certainty quality
type: Class
subclass of: believe quality
comment: The epistemic property of beliefs which a person has no rational grounds for doubting.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

certainty unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
comment: a unit that indicates the confidence about a knowledge being true
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

chadacrysts
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Crystals enclosed by an oikocryst in a rock with poikilitic texture. Chadacrysts are generally equant in size and smaller than the oikocryst.

chaos
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: chaoses
comment: Distinctive area of broken terrain

chasma
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: chasmata
comment: A deep, elongated, steep-sided depression

classification file
type: Class
subclass of: document
has exact synonym: controled vocabulary
comment: Kind of document that describe a set of predefined labels which can be used to classify other entities.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

collis
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: colles
comment: Small hills or knobs

comet
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical body
comment: Small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to release gases.

commercial resource
type: Class
subclass of: economical resource
comment: Economic Resources that have been signed and committed commer-cially through a contract (sales).
is defined by: LORS 101

commercial test line
type: Class
subclass of: boundary line
acronym: CTL
comment: A hard boundary that limits Commercial Resources from Economic Resources.
is defined by: LORS 101

concentration of carbonaceous material
type: Class
subclass of: concentration of
comment: bearer in which their composition includes a large amount of carbon.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

concentration of metals
type: Class
subclass of: concentration of
comment: Bearer in which their composition includes a large amount of metal.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

concentration of silicates
type: Class
subclass of: concentration of
comment: Bearer in which their composition includes a large amount of siliceous (i.e. stony) mineralogical composition.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology
alternative label: concentration of stony materials

condition quality
type: Class
subclass of: physical quality
comment: Quality essential to the appearance or occurrence of something else.

constant
type: Class
subclass of: datum label
comment: not changing or varying value
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

corona
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: coronae
comment: Ovoid-shaped feature

cosmic ray
type: Class
subclass of: particle radiation
editor note: Most cosmic rays hit and break up atomic nuclei in Earth's upper atmosphere. Airless bodies are not protected and their surfaces (asteroids and the Moon, for example) are exposed. When cosmic rays collide with the atoms of the elements in soils and rocks on a planetary surface, the nuclei of the atoms emmit gamma rays — by measuring these gamma rays with a gamma-ray spectrometer it is possible to calculate the abundance and distribution of the chemical elements on the planet's or moon's surface.
comment: Extremely high-energy subatomic particles that continuously bombard Earth and other planetary bodies from all directions.

cost specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
example: Examples of types of cost specification: Operational Costs (OPEX), Capital Expenditures (CAPEX), Fixed Costs (FC), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Return of In-vestment (ROI),

crater
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
comment: A large hole in the surface of a body caused by something hitting it, by an explosion, or by a sysmic activity
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

deviation quality
type: Class
subclass of: believe quality
editor note: The sign of the deviation reports the direction of that difference (the deviation is positive when the observed value exceeds the reference value). The magnitude of the value indicates the size of the difference. If expressed in %, the value indicates an interval with a known magnitude and unknown direction.
comment: A measure of difference between the certainty of an hypothesis and some other value.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

diaplectic
type: Class
subclass of: glass
comment: Glass made from mineral by shock, not melted.

discovered resource
type: Class
subclass of: qualified resource
disjoint with: undiscoverd resource
has exact synonym: determined resource
comment: According to LORS, all Inferred Resources, Indicated Resources and Measured Resources with a Geological Knowledge Error (GKE) of +- 50% and below, are considered and classified as Discovered Resources. These resources are above the Geological Discovery Test Line.
is defined by: LORS 101

disposition to access
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
editor note: Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. The physical ability to approach and use a resource. Someone may have the right and permission to access water in a well, but if the pump is broken, they lack the physical ability to access the water.
has exact synonym: http://purl.unep.org/sdg/SDGIO_00000009
comment: The disposition of an environmental system to physically provide a resource to the consumer or user of that resource.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

disposition to extract
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
comment: The disposition of an extraction process to extract a resource from a site.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

dorsum
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: dorsa
comment: Elongate rised structure

Moon
type: Class
subclass of: planetary moon
definition: The natural satellite of the earth, visible (chiefly at night) by reflected light from the sun.
definition source: Oxford dictionary

economic error
type: Class
subclass of: deviation quality
editor note: Used to estimate the total economic value of a Space Resources project, and the size and quality of the Economic Resources and/or Commercial Resources.
comment: Deviation applied to the gathered economic certainty about the benefits of a resource.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

economical certainty
type: Class
subclass of: certainty quality
comment: The ability and confidence of a Space Resources project to be economic at a specific Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Return of Investment (ROI), or any other economic indicator.
is defined by: LORS 101

economical resource
type: Class
subclass of: qualified resource
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: extractable resource
  intersection of: Class
    union of: GTX probable quality
    union of: GTX proved quality
disjoint with: non-viable economic resource
comment: The economically extractable part of GTX Probable Resources, and GTX Proved Resources are classified as Economic Resources.
is defined by: LORS 101

electromagnetic radiation
type: Class
subclass of: radiation
definition: electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, propagating through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.
definition source: Electromagnetic radiation

energy
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
comment: Quantitative property that must be transferred to a body or physical system to perform work on the body, or to heat it.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

environmental material
type: Class
subclass of: environmental system
has broad synonym: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00010483
has exact synonym: portion of environmental material
comment: An environment system determined by a portion or the totality of a material entity.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

environmental system process
type: Class
subclass of: process
has broad synonym: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500000
comment: A process in which only includes the components of an environmental system as participants.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

existence quality
type: Class
subclass of: physical object quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: geological certainty
comment: A dependent entity that qualifies the state of a bearer as being real or hypothetical.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

exoplanet
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: planet
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: Restriction
      on property: orbiting
      all values from: Sun
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: orbiting
    some values from: star
subclass of: planet
comment: Planet orbiting another star other than our Sun.

exploration process
type: Class
subclass of: process
has exact synonym: identification
has exact synonym: prospecting
comment: Following the identification of potential resources, the characterisation of feedstock properties and knowledge of the space body geology takes place, including mineralogy, physical characteristics, and the variability in local materials.
is defined by: European Space Agency

extract
type: Class
subclass of: disposition to extract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: extraction process
comment: A disposition that inheres in a organism or organization who bears the ability to extract an entity.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

extractability quality
type: Class
subclass of: physical quality
comment: A quality that states if an entity is capable of being extracted or not.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

extractable quality
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: able to be output of
      some values from: extraction process
subclass of: extractability quality
disjoint with: unextractable quality
comment: An entity that is capable of being extracted.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

extractable resource
type: Class
subclass of: qualified resource
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: extractable quality
disjoint with: unextractable resource
editor note: It can also be the conclusion of an investigation about the ability to extract a resource from a site using a extraction process. The conclusion can be "possible", "probable", and "proved".
definition source: LORS 101
comment: A kind of resource that can potentially be extracted through a known extraction process.

extracted resource
type: Class
subclass of: usable resource
editor note: The extracted resource can be a continuant or a dependent. For instance, it can be a metal extracted from a regolith or it can be a data extracted from a document.
comment: Entity that was separated from an ore or from something else.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

extraction process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anthropisation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: geological extracted resource
editor note: A more restrictive definition of extration is proposed in the ESA Gap Analysis document as following: Produce (Extraction): Chemical reduction process (or others) to manufacture products of interest, e.g. oxygen and metal alloys, from lunar materials.
has exact synonym: extraction
comment: A process that results into the extraction of a material from its original environment.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

extraterrestrial site
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  complement of: Restriction
    on property: has origin
    some values from: terrestrial site
subclass of: astronomical site
disjoint with: terrestrial site
comment: A site which has its extent determined by some astronomical body except the Earth.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

feasible resources test line
type: Class
subclass of: boundary line
acronym: FRTL
comment: A hard boundary applied to Usable Resources and Non-usable materials to differentiate them from "Unclarified Technical Resources" and "Unrecoverable Technical Resources"
is defined by: LORS 101

feldspar
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Feldspar is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, containing sodium, calcium, potassium or barium

fiber optics
type: Class
subclass of: manufactured product
comment: An optical fiber (or fibre in British English) is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.

find process
type: Class
subclass of: exploration process
editor note: This is the first stage of the ISRU value chain flowsheet. More details can be found at page 12 of the following document: https://www.globalspaceexploration.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ISECG-ISRU-Technology-Gap-Assessment-Report-Apr-2021.pdf
comment: To get or discover something or someone that you are looking for using a planned process.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

flexus
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
comment: A very low curvilinear ridge with a scalloped pattern

fossa
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: fossae
comment: Long, narrow depression

fretum
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: freta
comment: Strait, a narrow passage of liquid connecting two larger areas of liquid

gamma ray
type: Class
subclass of: electromagnetic radiation
has exact synonym: gamma radiation
comment: A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation, is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically shorter than those of X-rays.

geological certainty
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: geological resource
    intersection of: Class
      union of: Restriction
        on property: part of
        some values from: site
      union of: Restriction
        on property: located in
        some values from: site
subclass of: certainty quality
comment: Provides the confidence or certainty level in the knowledge of the geological characteristics in a specific area of exploration.
is defined by: LORS 101

geological discovery test line
type: Class
subclass of: boundary line
acronym: GDTL
example: Resources with Prospective and Speculative quality and with a Geological Knowledge Error equal and above +-75% are considered below the GDTL.
comment: A hard boundary that limits from Discovered and Undiscovered Resources
is defined by: LORS 101

geological extracted resource
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: geological resource
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: extraction process
subclass of: extracted resource
subclass of: geological resource
has exact synonym: GTX Resource
comment: An entity that was separated from an ore through an extraction process.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

geological knowledge error
type: Class
subclass of: deviation quality
acronym: GKE
editor note: Used to estimate how much further exploration work is needed to achieve a desired level of geological certainty.
comment: The deviation applied to the gathered geological certainty about a material.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

geological resource
type: Class
subclass of: natural resource
acronym: GR
comment: A natural resource established by geological processes on Earth or other bodies.
is defined by: Luxembourg Innstitute of Science and Technnology

geostationary orbit
type: Class
subclass of: geosynchronous Earth orbit
acronym: GEO
comment: A circular geosynchronous orbit in Earth's equatorial plane.

geosynchronous Earth orbit
type: Class
subclass of: near-Earth site
subclass of: orbit
acronym: GSO
comment: Earth-centered orbit with an orbital period that matches Earth's rotation on its axis, 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds.

glass
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: An amorphous, homogeneous material with a random liquid-like structure generally formed by rapid cooling.

granite
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: feldspar
    intersection of: quartz
subclass of: igneous rock
has exact synonym: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000356
comment: A coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz and feldspar (alkali feldspar and plagioclase).

gravity
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
has exact synonym: gravitation
comment: A fundamental physical force that is responsible for the attraction between two entities with mass or energy.

ground truth exploration
type: Class
subclass of: exploration process
editor note: Ground Truth Exploration is the activity used to raise geological knowledge/certainty (resource oriented) of a Space Resources project from Inferred Resources to Measured Resources
comment: Name given to one of the main Exploration activities which focuses on the gathering of geological knowledge (resource oriented), through the collection of physical samples.

hypothetical quality
type: Class
subclass of: existence quality
has exact synonym: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_001186
comment: Quality of an entity that is conjectured to exist.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

ilmenite
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: iron atom
    intersection of: oxygen atom
    intersection of: titanium atom
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: A titanium-iron oxide mineral.

in-situ
type: Class
subclass of: site
comment: A phenomenon is observed in the same place, in which it occurs. A process occurs in the same place, in which its input is sourced and/or its output remains.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

in-situ construction
type: Class
subclass of: construction process
subclass of: in situ resource utilization
comment: Construction carried out at the final building site and/or construction is carried out using locally sourced raw materials.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

in-situ consumable production
type: Class
subclass of: in situ resource utilization
comment: It involves acquiring, manufacturing, and storing mission consumables from in situ resources, such as propellants, fuel cell reagents, and gases for crew and life support, inflation, science and pneumatic equipment.

in-situ exploration targets
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: IET
comment: Geographical location where in-situ exploration will take place

in-situ propellant production
type: Class
subclass of: in-situ consumable production
comment: It refers to manufacture of rocket fuel from local resources.

in-space manufacturing
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: manufacturing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: located in
    all values from: extraterrestrial site
subclass of: manufacturing process
comment: A comprehensive set of processes aimed at the production of manufactured goods in the space environment.

in situ resource utilization
type: Class
subclass of: resource utilization
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: located in
        all values from: in-situ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: resource
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: located in
        all values from: in-situ
acronym: ISRU
comment: A process during which a local resource is consumed in the same site of its origin, and confers some benefit to the user.
is defined by: European Space Agency

indicated quality
type: Class
subclass of: hypothetical quality
comment: The second highest classification level in terms of geological knowledge (certainty) that a project can have, with an error range of +-20% to +-29%.
is defined by: LORS 101

inferred quality
type: Class
subclass of: hypothetical quality
comment: The third lowest classification level in terms of geological knowledge (certainty) that a project can have, with an error range of +-30% to +-69%.
is defined by: LORS 101

informational resource
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: resource
comment: Knowledge obtained from investigation, measures, or analysis that can be represented as data item.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

insula
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: insulae
comment: Island (islands), an isolated land area (or group of such areas) surrounded by, or nearly surrounded by, a liquid area (sea or lake).

interplanetary dust
type: Class
subclass of: dust
acronym: IDP
comment: Particles typically ranging in size from 1–50 µ (microns), though some are larger and most are between 5–15 µm, moving in interplanetary space.

ionic liquid
type: Class
subclass of: liquid environmental material
comment: A salt in the liquid state

iron meteorite
type: Class
subclass of: meteorite
editor note: They are chemically distinguished and grouped according to the abundances of the trace elements such as gallium and germanium, as well as nickel. Initially, irons were classified into four groups and were given Roman numerals I, II, III, and IV. Today 13 groups are recognized and designated further by letters A through G according to concentrations of siderophile ("iron-loving") trace elements. Iron meteorites that do not fit into the groups are called ungrouped.
comment: Meteorites are made, almost completely, of iron and nickel metal.

KREEP
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Lunar basaltic magmas rich in potassium (K), rare earth elements (REE) and phosphorous (P).

lacuna
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: lacunae
comment: Irregularly shaped depression having the appearance of a dry lake bed

lacus
type: Class
subclass of: lake
example: on Titan, a "lake" or small dark plain with discrete, sharp boundaries.
comment: "Lake" or small plain.

Lagrange point
type: Class
subclass of: orbit
acronym: L-point
editor note: The most used L-points are L1 and L2. These are both four times farther away from Earth than the Moon – 1.5 million km, compared to GEO’s 36 000 km – but that is still only approximately 1% of the distance of Earth from the Sun.
comment: Specific points far out in space where the gravitational fields of Earth and the Sun combine in such a way that spacecraft that orbit them remain stable and can thus be ‘anchored’ relative to Earth.

lander
type: Class
subclass of: spacecraft
comment: Spacecraft designed to land on the surface of a planet or moon.
is defined by: Oxford dictionary

laser sintering process
type: Class
subclass of: sintering process
comment: The laser sintering (LS) process uses a laser source to provide thermal energy and selectively fuse together particles of a powder material into complex three-dimensional shapes in a layer-by-layer strategy.

lava tubes
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
comment: a natural conduit formed by flowing lava from a volcanic vent that moves beneath the hardened surface of a lava flow.

light year unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
subclass of: constant
comment: Distance that light can travel in 1 year. Light travels at a speed of 300,000 km / sec, so this distance is equal to 9.46 x 10^12 kilometers.

linea
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: lineae
comment: A dark or bright elongate marking, may be curved or straight

lithosphere
type: Class
subclass of: layer
comment: Layer in a planetary body consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

low Earth orbit
type: Class
subclass of: near-Earth site
subclass of: orbit
acronym: LEO
comment: A low Earth orbit (LEO) is, as the name suggests, an orbit that is relatively close to Earth’s surface. It is normally at an altitude of less than 1000 km but could be as low as 160 km above Earth – which is low compared to other orbits, but still very far above Earth’s surface.

lunar basin
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: basin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: located in
    all values from: Moon
subclass of: basin
subclass of: lunar site
comment: Basin located on the Moon.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

lunar regolith
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: maturity condition
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    all values from: Class
      intersection of: lunar site
      intersection of: surface
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: regolith
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    all values from: lunar site
subclass of: regolith
comment: Regolith originating from the lunar surface.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

lunar simulant
type: Class
subclass of: simulant
comment: Any material manufactured from natural or synthetic terrestrial or meteoritc components for the purpose of simulating one or more physical and/or chemical properties of a lunar rock or soil.

lunar site
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has origin
  all values from: Moon
subclass of: extraterrestrial site
disjoint with: martian site
disjoint with: solar site
comment: A site which has its extent determined by the lunar bounds.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

macula
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: maculae
comment: Dark spot, may be irregular

marginal economic resource
type: Class
subclass of: economical resource
comment: Space Resource which has marginal economics (pay for all costs), but does not meet the specified financial objectives.
is defined by: LORS 101

martian regolith
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: regolith
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    all values from: martian site
subclass of: regolith
comment: Regolith from Mars
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

martian site
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has origin
  all values from: Mars
subclass of: extraterrestrial site
disjoint with: solar site
definition: A site which has its extent determined by Mars bounds.
definition source: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

maskelynite
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Plagioclase that has been transformed by shock in the solid state to a glass.

mass
type: Class
subclass of: physical quality
comment: An intrinsic property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration when a net force is applied.

matrix
type: Class
subclass of: rock
has exact synonym: groundmass
comment: The matrix or groundmass of a rock is the finer-grained mass of material in which larger grains, crystals, or clasts are embedded.

maturity condition
type: Class
subclass of: condition quality
comment: Refers to the degree of reworking by microrneteorites, as evidenced by grain size, proportions of agglutinates, proportions of grains with high solar flare track densities, solar wind gas content, or minute metallic Fe content as determined by Is/FeO ferromagnetic resonance measurement
is defined by: Morris 1978

measured quality
type: Class
subclass of: real quality
comment: The highest classification level in terms of geological knowledge (certainty) that a project can have.
is defined by: LORS 101

mensa
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has narrow synonym: mensae
comment: A flat-topped prominence with cliff-like edges

metal
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Any of a class of substances characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as by malleability, ductility, and high reflectivity of light.

meteorite
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical body
comment: A meteorite is a solid piece of debris from an object, such as a comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, that originates in outer space and survives its passage through the atmosphere to reach the surface of a planet or moon.

microcrater
type: Class
subclass of: crater
has exact synonym: zap pit
comment: Crater produced by impact of interplanetary particle with mass less than 10-3 g; sometimes referred to as a “zap pit”.

microwave sintering process
type: Class
subclass of: sintering process
comment: Ceramic material processing technique that differs significantly from conventional sintering methods due to the nature of the heat transfer mechanisms involved.

mineral resource
type: Class
subclass of: solid environmental material
subclass of: geological resource
comment: A resource that is comprised of solid, inorganic minerals or similar materials.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

mining process
type: Class
subclass of: anthropisation
has exact synonym: Excavate
comment: Consists of separating the ore from its original location, concentrating it, and converting it to raw materials for direct use, manufacturing, or further processing.

natural process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: anthropogenic environmental process
subclass of: process
comment: Process that uses only natural resources and are not part of anthropogenic processes.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

natural resource
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: resource
subclass of: resource
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: natural process
comment: A kind of resource which is the output of an environmental process and has not been substantially altered by human activity.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

natural satelite
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical body
comment: A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body. Natural satellites are often colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the Moon of Earth.

near-Earth asteroid
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: asteroid
  intersection of: near-Earth object
subclass of: asteroid
acronym: NEA
comment: Asteroid with a perihelion distance less than 1.3 astronomical units.

near-Earth object
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: astronomical body
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: located in
    some values from: near-Earth site
subclass of: astronomical body
acronym: NEO
definition: Asteroid or comet with a perihelion distance less than 1.3 AU
definition source: neo groups.html

near-Earth site
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
comment: Site where can be found or placed near-Earth objects
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

neutron star
type: Class
subclass of: star
comment: The collapsed core of a massive supergiant star, which had a total mass of between 10 and 25 solar masses, possibly more if the star was especially metal-rich. They result from the supernova explosion of a massive star, combined with gravitational collapse, that compresses the core past white dwarf star density to that of atomic nuclei.

non-viable economic resource
type: Class
subclass of: extractable resource
comment: Space Resource which is technically and technologically extractable but is not economically extractable.
is defined by: LORS 101

norite
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: feldspar
    intersection of: olivine
    intersection of: pyroxene
subclass of: igneous rock
comment: Norite is a mafic intrusive igneous rock composed largely of the calcium-rich plagioclase labradorite, orthopyroxene, and olivine.

not usable material
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
comment: Any material that is not available for use or is not extractable.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

oikocryst
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: The large crystal that encloses the chadacrysts in a poikilitic texture rock.

olivine
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Name of a group of rock-forming minerals that are typically found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks such as basalt, gabbro, dunite, diabase, and peridotite. They are usually green in color and have compositions that typically range between Mg2 Si O4 and Fe2 Si O4.

on-hold economic resource
type: Class
subclass of: economical resource
comment: A kind of Economic Resource that have not received nor granted all the required legal, social, environmental, or any other license to operate.
is defined by: LORS 101

ontology
type: Class
subclass of: classification file
comment: It encompasses a representation, formal naming, and definition of the categories, properties, and relations between the concepts, data, and entities that substantiate one, many, or all domains of discourse.

orbit
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: orbit
comment: an orbit is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as a planet, moon, asteroid, or Lagrange point.

palus
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
example: On the Moon a mixture of mare and highland material
has exact synonym: paludes
comment: Small irregular area.

parsec unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
comment: A unit of astronomical distance equal to 3.26 light years, or 206265 AU, which equals 3.08 x 10^13 kilometers.

particle radiation
type: Class
subclass of: radiation
comment: Particle radiation is the radiation of energy by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. Particle radiation is referred to as a particle beam if the particles are all moving in the same direction, similar to a light beam.

patera
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: paterae
comment: An irregular crater, or a complex one with scalloped edges

patina
type: Class
subclass of: layer
editor note: Microscopically, it is composed of “zap pits” and many splashes of minute glass fragments.
comment: definitions.cfm
comment: The thin outer skin on the surface of a lunar rock caused by solar wind and micrometeorite erosion.

peridotite
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: olivine
    intersection of: pyroxene
subclass of: igneous rock
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: olivine
comment: A course-grained igneous rock consisting largely of the mineral olivine, with pyroxenes and garnet or spinel. It is found in the mantles of terrestrial planets and differentiated asteroids.

perihelion
type: Class
subclass of: site
comment: Point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, or asteroid, or planet about the Sun in which it reaches its closest approach to the Sun.

phyllosilicate
type: Class
subclass of: silicate
comment: Also called sheet silicates, these minerals have layered structures that contain silicon and oxygen in some multiple of Si^2 O^5.

planetary system
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has part
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: star
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has part
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: astronomical body
subclass of: system
comment: Set of gravitationally bound non-stellar objects in or out of orbit around a star or star system.

planetary system part
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: planetary system
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has part
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: astronomical body
subclass of: material entity
comment: Part of a planetary system that has at least one astronomical body.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

planetary wind
type: Class
subclass of: space wind
comment: Any wind system of a planet's atmosphere which owes its existence and direction to solar radiation and to the rotation of the planet.

planitia
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: planitiae
comment: Low plain or large level expanse of lowlands

planum
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: plana
comment: Plateau or high plain
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

plume
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: plumes
comment: Cryo-volcanic features.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

poikilitic
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
editor note: The host crystal is called an oikocryst, and the included crystals are called chadacrysts.
comment: Relatively large crystals of one mineral enclosing numerous smaller crystals of one or more other minerals which are randomly oriented and generally, but not necessarily, uniformly distributed.

polar orbit
type: Class
subclass of: low Earth orbit
editor note: Satellites in a polar orbit do not have to pass the North and South Pole precisely; even a deviation within 20 to 30 degrees is still classed as a polar orbit.
comment: Polar orbits usually goes from north to south of Earth rather than from west to east, passing roughly over Earth's poles. Polar orbits are a type of low Earth orbit, as they are at low altitudes between 200 to 1000 km.

position
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: site
  union of: Restriction
    on property: location of
    some values from: independent continuant
subclass of: physical quality
has broad synonym: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000140
has exact synonym: location
has exact synonym: placement
has exact synonym: relational spatial quality
comment: A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

presolar grain
type: Class
subclass of: dust
comment: Preserved in primitive meteorites, presolar grains are stardust that formed in stellar outflows or ejecta in the molecular cloud, out of which our Solar System formed.

primitive meteorite
type: Class
subclass of: meteorite
comment: A primitive meteorite is a chondrite that experienced minimal heating and aqueous alteration on its parent asteroid. Primitive meteorites have the highest concentrations of presolar grains.

promonotorium
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: promonotoria
comment: Extension of lunar mountains into mare

prospective quality
type: Class
subclass of: hypothetical quality
comment: The second lowest classification level in terms of geological knowledge (certainty) that a project can have, with an error range of +-70% to +-79%.
is defined by: LORS 101

protoplanetary disk
type: Class
subclass of: extraterrestrial site
definition: The general term used to describe the rotating disk of dense gas surrounding a newly formed star, out of which a planetary system evolves.
definition source: PSRDglossary.html
has narrow synonym: solar nebula

protostar
type: Class
subclass of: star
comment: A star in the process of formation which has not yet become hot enough in the core to initiate the process of nuclear fusion (10^7 K) to halt its gravitational collapse.

pulsar
type: Class
subclass of: neutron star
comment: Highly magnetized rotating neutron star that emits beams of electromagnetic radiation out of its magnetic poles

purification
type: Class
subclass of: anthropisation
comment: Physical separation of a chemical substance of interest from foreign or contaminating substances.

pyroxene
type: Class
subclass of: silicate
comment: A silicate mineral common in basalt and composed mostly of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium ( Ca), and silicon (Si).

pyroxenite
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: pyroxene
subclass of: igneous rock
comment: An ultramafic igneous rock consisting essentially of minerals of the pyroxene group, such as augite, diopside, hypersthene, bronzite or enstatite.

qualified resource
type: Class
subclass of: resource
editor note: This concept is used for regrouping proposal.
comment: The subset of resources differentiated by the quality associated with them.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

quantity
type: Class
subclass of: physical quality
comment: Total amount or number.

quartz
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: silica
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: A hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide).

questionnaire file
type: Class
subclass of: document
comment: A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions (or other types of prompts) for the purpose of gathering information from respondents through survey or statistical study.

r-process
type: Class
subclass of: natural process
comment: The buildup of heavy isotopes inside massive stars by the rapid (hence the use of "r") absorption of neutrons by atomic nuclei.

radiation
type: Class
subclass of: natural process
comment: The emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.

radioactive element
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Radioactive elements are made up of atoms whose nuclei are unstable and give off atomic radiation as part of a process of attaining stability.

rare earth element
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
acronym: RRE
comment: One of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium.

real quality
type: Class
subclass of: existence quality
has exact synonym: SIO_000960
comment: The quality of an entity that exists and is known in real space and time.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

refine process
type: Class
subclass of: anthropisation
comment: Physical or chemical beneficiation increases the mass fraction of the component of interest in the feedstock by removing other components that are less useful or may interfere with the subsequent extraction.

refractory resource
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
disjoint with: volatile resource
comment: In planetary science, any material that has a relatively high equilibrium condensation temperature is called refractory.

regio
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: regiones
comment: A large area marked by reflectivity or color distinctions from adjacent areas, or a broad geographic region

regolith
type: Class
subclass of: layer
example: The lunar regolith has 4-5 meters thick in the mare regions and 10-12 meters thick in the highland areas.
comment: A blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock. It includes dust, broken rocks, and other related materials and is present on Earth, the Moon, Mars, some asteroids, and other terrestrial planets and moons.

remote sensing probe
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: spacecraft
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: remote sensing process
subclass of: spacecraft
comment: Device for detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance.

remote sensing process
type: Class
subclass of: exploration process
comment: The acquisition of information on some property of a target object or material without being in physical contact with it. In the broadest terms, this is done by using instruments or scanners to sense and record reflected or emitted energy from the target and then processing the data in order to better analyze and understand the property in question.

resource
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: input of
  some values from: process
subclass of: continuant
editor note: Access to resources beneficial to humans is a central theme in the SDG process. For eample access to the resources of food, clean water, housing, legal system, health care system, medicine, or the bearer of information. It is important to remember that the materials and conditions identified in outer space or astronomical bodies have value as resources only because of their utilization, otherwise they are just elements of scientific interest.
has narrow synonym: http://purl.unep.org/sdg/SDGIO_00000013
comment: An element that can be the input of a human made process and has a potential value.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

resource consumer role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: benefits from
  some values from: resource
comment: The one who consumes the resource.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

rima
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: rimae
comment: Long narrow valley, fissure or channel on the Moon

roche limit
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
editor note: Earth's Roche limit is 18,470 km (11,470 miles).
comment: The smallest distance at which a planetary object that has no internal strength can orbit another body without being torn apart by tidal forces (gravitational forces per unit mass exerted by the larger body).

rupes
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
comment: Linear scarp or cliff face

s-process
type: Class
subclass of: natural process
comment: The buildup of heavy isotopes inside massive stars by the slow (hence the use of "s") absorption of neutrons by atomic nuclei.

scopulus
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: scopuli
comment: Lobate or highly irregular scarp

sediment
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
has exact synonym: ENVO_00002007
comment: Solid rock or mineral fragments transported and deposited by wind, water, gravity, or ice; precipitated by chemical reactions; or secreted by organisms; accumulated as layers in loose, unconsolidated form.

serpens
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: serpentes
comment: Sinuous feature with segments of positive and negative relief along its length

shape quality
type: Class
subclass of: physical quality
comment: The quality of a distinct object or body in having an external surface or outline of specific form or figure.
is defined by: Collins English Dictionary

silica
type: Class
subclass of: silicate
has exact synonym: silicon dioxide
comment: An oxide of silicon with the chemical formula Si O^2, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.

silicate
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: oxygen atom
    intersection of: silicon atom
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: A variety of minerals that always contain silicon (Si) and oxygen (O).

simulant
type: Class
subclass of: manufactured product
comment: A thing which simulates or resembles something else.
is defined by: Oxford dictionnary

sintering process
type: Class
subclass of: anthropisation
has exact synonym: frittage
comment: Sintering or frittage is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction.

sinus
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
comment: "Bay"; small plain.

snowline
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
editor note: Snowlines at greater distances from the Sun (or star) also exist for other volatiles, such as CO2, CO, and CH4 (methane). Inside the snowlines, toward the Sun (star), the volatiles sublimate to gases.
comment: The orbital distance from the Sun (or star) beyond which water ice is stable.

solar activity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: natural process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: inheres in part of
    all values from: Sun
subclass of: natural process
comment: The sum of all variable and short-lived disturbances on the sun, as sunspots, prominences, and solar flares.

solar cell
type: Class
subclass of: manufactured product
has exact synonym: photovoltaic cell
comment: Electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.

solar energy
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: energy
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    all values from: solar site
subclass of: energy
comment: Energy derived from the sun in the form of solar radiation.

solar site
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has origin
  all values from: Sun
subclass of: extraterrestrial site
definition: A site which has its extent determined by the solar bounds.
definition source: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

solar system
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
comment: Our Sun and all the objects (planets, moons, asteroids, and comets) that orbit the Sun.

solar wind
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: space wind
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realized in response to
    some values from: solar activity
subclass of: space wind
comment: Stream of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun.

solidus
type: Class
subclass of: temperature unit
comment: The temperature at (and below) which material crystallizes (solidifies) completely.

space agency
type: Class
subclass of: organization
comment: Governmet agency engaged in activities related to analysis and exploration of outer space and their resources.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

space mission
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
comment: A journey, by a manned or unmanned vehicle, into space for a specific reason

space program
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
comment: A space program is an organized effort by a government or a company with a goal related to outer space.

space resource
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: resource
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has origin
    some values from: extraterrestrial site
subclass of: resource
editor note: According to the understanding of the Hague Working Group, this definition includes mineral and volatile materials, including water, but excludes (a) satellite orbits; (b) radio spectrum; and (c) energy from the sun except when collected from unique and scarce locations.
has exact synonym: extraterrestrial resource
comment: An extractable and or recoverable abiotic resource in situ in outer space.

space resource owner
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: owner
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: owns
    some values from: space resource
subclass of: owner
comment: Entity who owns a space resource.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

space resources industry
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: benefits from
    some values from: space resource
subclass of: organization
acronym: SRI
comment: An organization that owns and/or benefits from space resources.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

space weathering
type: Class
subclass of: environmental system process
comment: Processes that change the physical structure, optical properties, or chemical or mineralogical properties of the surface of an airless planetary body from their original state. These processes include meteorite, micrometeorite, and cosmic dust bombardment, solar wind ion implantation, and sputtering, in deep vacuum and temperatures approaching absolute zero (-273 oC).

space wind
type: Class
subclass of: advective transport process
subclass of: natural process
comment: A natural phenomenon resulting from pressure or temperatue differences and that causes the movement of material bodies to outer space.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

spacecraft
type: Class
subclass of: manufactured product
comment: Vehicle used for travelling in space.
is defined by: Oxford dictionary

spatial detritus
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical body
comment: Unwanted matter or material of any type that is considered as waste or debris and is abandoned in the outer space.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

speculative quality
type: Class
subclass of: hypothetical quality
comment: The lowest classification level in terms of geological knowledge (cer-tainty) that a project can have, with an error range of +-80% to +-90%.
is defined by: LORS 101

speed of light
type: Class
subclass of: constant
comment: 299,792,458 meters per second (186,212 miles per second).

sputtering
type: Class
subclass of: environmental system process
comment: In the context of space weathering on the surfaces of airless planetary bodies, sputtering is the process in which atoms on the surface are knocked free by high-speed atomic particles in the solar wind; much higher-energy cosmic rays can also sputter surface materials.

standard
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owned by
  some values from: standard development organization
comment: A document established by consensus of subject matter experts and approved by a recognized body that provide guidance on the design, use or performance of materials, products, processes, services, systems or persons.

standard development organization
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: owns
  some values from: standard
subclass of: organization
acronym: SDO
comment: Organization that voluntary develop and provide technical standards.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

stellar nucleosynthesis
type: Class
subclass of: environmental system process
comment: The naturally occurring nuclear reactions in stars that make the elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.

study file
type: Class
subclass of: document
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: investigation
comment: study-file
comment: A site file for a Study that contains Ethics Committee member identifications, correspondence and approvals (including approval of the Protocol, the informed consent form and, in each case, any amendments thereto), the approved informed consent form, signed and dated informed consent forms, completed Case Report Forms and other clinical observations, log of all Study site visits, laboratory or other tests taken or performed and Study Drug receipt and disposition information and any and all other records or information required by the Regulations to be, or customarily, maintained in the conduct of human clinical trials.

subsurface
type: Class
subclass of: layer
has exact synonym: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001776
comment: Part of an astronomical body which are not exposed to its atmosphere or outer space.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

sulcus
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: sulci
comment: Subparallel furrows and ridges

Sun
type: Class
subclass of: star
comment: The star round which the earth orbits
is defined by: Oxford dictionary

sun-synchronous orbit
type: Class
subclass of: polar orbit
acronym: SSO
comment: Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) is a particular kind of polar orbit. Satellites in SSO, travelling over the polar regions, are synchronous with the Sun. This means they are synchronised to always be in the same ‘fixed’ position relative to the Sun.

supernova
type: Class
subclass of: natural process
editor note: A star must have at least nine times the mass of the Sun to undergo a core-collapse supernova. The extreme heat generated by the explosion makes elements heavier than iron, this is called supernova nucleosynthesis.
comment: Also known as a core-collapse supernova, this is an enormously bright, energetic, catastrophic explosion that occurs at the end of the lifetime of a massive star whose core collapses.

supply process
type: Class
subclass of: anthropisation
comment: Product storage and (standard) interfaces for transfer and handover of the products to subsequent processing steps, and ultimately to the final users. Subsequent processing steps can include product purification according to the requirements of the final user (e.g. water and gas purification to remove dust particles, sulphides, and other impurities). Supply products to applications of interest (e.g. propulsion, energy storage, life-support, manufacturing, and construction).

surface
type: Class
subclass of: layer
definition: A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings.
has exact synonym: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00010504

surface exploration targets
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
acronym: SET
comment: Geographical area on an astronomical body's surface where remote-sensing exploration will take place
is defined by: LORS 101

surface rover
type: Class
subclass of: spacecraft
comment: Small vehicle that can move over rough ground.
is defined by: Cambridge dictionary

technical certainty
type: Class
subclass of: certainty quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is supported by study
  some values from: technical study
comment: The ability and confidence of a Space Resources project to supply a specific amount of resources, at a specific quality, rate, and efficiency, with assumed technologies and methodologies for extraction, processing, refining and supply.
is defined by: LORS 101

technical and economic detailed feasibility evaluation
type: Class
subclass of: technical and economic evaluations
acronym: TEDFE
comment: Assess and determine if the evaluated resource can be economically, technically extracted, processed, refined, and delivered.
is defined by: LORS 101

technical detailed feasibility study
type: Class
subclass of: technical study
acronym: TDFS
editor note: TDFS considers mainly Measured Resources, Indicated Resources, and Inferred Resources. TDFS considers only technologies with TRL equal and above 8.
comment: A technical evaluation of a proposed Space Resources Project, to as-sess and determine if the evaluated resource can be technically ex-tracted, processed, refined, and delivered.
is defined by: LORS 101

technical discovery test line
type: Class
subclass of: boundary line
acronym: TDTL
comment: A hard boundary used to make the distinction betwee "Usable Resources and Unclarified Technical Resources" and "Non-usable Resources and Unrecoverable Technical Resources"
is defined by: LORS 101

technical error
type: Class
subclass of: deviation quality
acronym: TE
editor note: Used to estimate how much further technical work, technological development, and resources exploration needs to be completed to achieve a desired, or expected level of overall project certainty.
comment: The deviation applied to the gathered technical certainty about a project.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

technical and economic evaluations
type: Class
subclass of: investigation
acronym: TEE
comment: Allow the estimation of the total economic value of a Space Resources project, and the size and quality of the Economic Resources and/or Commercial Resources.
is defined by: LORS 101

technical order of magnitude study
type: Class
subclass of: technical study
acronym: TOMS
editor note: TOMS considers mainly Prospective Resources, and Speculative Re-sources. TOMS studies consider technologies with TRL equal and above 1.
comment: Assess and determine if the evaluated resource can be technically extracted, processed, refined, and delivered.

technical pre-feasibility study
type: Class
subclass of: technical study
acronym: TPFS
editor note: TPFS considers mainly Indicated Resources, and Inferred Resources. TPFS studies consider only technologies with TRL equal and above 5.
comment: Assess and determine if the evaluated resource can be technically extracted, processed, refined, and delivered.

technical scoping study
type: Class
subclass of: technical study
acronym: TSS
editor note: TSS considers mainly Inferred Resources, Prospective Resources, and Speculative Resources. TSS studies consider technologies with TRL equal and above 2.
comment: Assess and determine if the evaluated resource can be technically extracted, processed, refined, and delivered.
is defined by: LORS 101

technical study
type: Class
subclass of: investigation
comment: Allow the estimation of size and quality of Usable Resources.
is defined by: LORS 101

technological certainty
type: Class
subclass of: certainty quality
editor note: It provides the confidence in the technological maturity.
comment: Measures the maturity of technology to be used in the extraction, processing, refining and supply of Resources, through the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) system.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

technology readiness level
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
acronym: TRL
comment: A type of measurement system used to assess the maturity level of a particular technology.

tektite
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Gravel-sized bodies composed of black, green, brown or grey natural glass formed from terrestrial debris ejected during meteorite impacts.

terrain conditions
type: Class
subclass of: condition quality
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: condition quality
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: site
comment: Quality that denotes the physical features of a site.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

terrestrial regolith
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: regolith
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    all values from: terrestrial site
subclass of: regolith
comment: Regolith from Earth
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

terrestrial site
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has origin
  all values from: Earth
subclass of: astronomical site
definition: A site which has its extent determined only by the astronomical body Earth.
definition source: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

tessera
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: tesserae
comment: Tile-like, polygonal terrain

thesaurus
type: Class
subclass of: classification file
comment: A book that lists words in groups of synonyms and related concepts.
is defined by: Oxford dictionary

tholus
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: tholi
comment: Small domical mountain or hill

3D printing
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
comment: The construction of a three-dimensional object from a Computer-aided design model or a digital 3D model.

transportation device
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: material transport process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: transports
  some values from: material entity
example: examples: augers and conveyors; surface vehicles with wheels, tracks, or rails; and flight vehicles including aircraft or hoppers
comment: Means used to take or carry (people or goods) from one place to another.

troctolite
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: feldspar
    intersection of: olivine
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Coarse-grain plutonic rock containing olivine and plagioclase with little or no pyroxene.

troilite
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: iron atom
    intersection of: sulfur atom
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Iron-sulfide mineral with the chemical formula FeS.

ultrahigh vacuum
type: Class
subclass of: vacuum
comment: a vacuum having a pressure of 10−7 pascal or less

unaccessible
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: Class
    complement of: Restriction
      on property: able to be output of
      some values from: accessing process
subclass of: accessibility quality
comment: Quality of an entity to be unaccessible.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

unclarified technical resource
type: Class
subclass of: extractable resource
acronym: UCTR
comment: Resources that are considered technically, technologically, and geologically extractable, with the available geological data, available technology, and available technical knowledge (studies). They have very low Geological, Technical and Technological certainty levels.
is defined by: LORS 101

undiscoverd resource
type: Class
subclass of: qualified resource
comment: All Speculative Resources and Prospective Resources with a Geological Knowledge Error (GKE) of +- 75% and above, are considered and classified as Undiscovered Resources.
is defined by: LORS 101

unextractable quality
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: Restriction
        on property: able to be output of
        some values from: extraction process
subclass of: extractability quality
comment: An entity that is not capable of being extracted.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

unextractable resource
type: Class
subclass of: qualified resource
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: unextractable quality
definition source: LORS 101
comment: A kind of resource that cannot be extracted through a known extraction process.

unrecoverable technical resources
type: Class
subclass of: unextractable resource
acronym: URTR
definition source: LORS 101
comment: Resources that are considered not technically, technologically, and geologically extractable, with the available geological data, available technology, and available technical knowledge (studies). They have very low Geological, Technical and Technological certainty levels.

usable resource
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: resource
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Restriction
      on property: has quality
      some values from: disposition to access
    union of: Restriction
      on property: has quality
      some values from: disposition to extract
subclass of: resource
editor note: According to LORS-101, these resources are above the Technical Discovery Test Line (TDTL)
editor note: The resource must be accessible or extractable in order to be usable
comment: A kind of resource that is available to be used.
is defined by: LORS 101

vacuum
type: Class
subclass of: site
comment: A space absolutely devoid of matter
is defined by: Oxford dictionary

variolitic
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Radiate aggregates of elongate crystals.

vastitas
type: Class
subclass of: astronomical site
has exact synonym: vastitates
comment: Extensive plain

volatile resource
type: Class
subclass of: mineral resource
comment: Type of resource formed by material easily evaporated.

water ice
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: water
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    all values from: solid quality
subclass of: solid environmental material
comment: Ice formed by direct freezing of fresh or salt water, and not by compacting of snow.

water in glasses
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: water
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: contained in
    some values from: glass
subclass of: water
comment: Water that was encassed in glassy materials.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

water in minerals
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: water
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: contained in
    some values from: mineral resource
subclass of: water
comment: Water chemically bonded inside minerals.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

Aeolus
type: NamedIndividual
type: space mission
comment: the Atmospheric Dynamics Mission Aeolus uses an innovative laser to measure global winds.

Aeronautics and Space Research Organization
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: LAPAN
comment: The Research Organization for Aeronautics and Space (Indonesian: Organisasi Riset Penerbangan dan Antariksa, ORPA) is one of Research Organizations under the umbrella of the National Research and Innovation Agency (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN). It was founded in 1 September 2021 as transformation of National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, LAPAN) after the liquidation of LAPAN into BRIN.

Apollo
type: NamedIndividual
type: space program
comment: Apollo astronauts collected and returned 382 kilograms of rock and sediment samples from the Moon.
comment: U.S. Space Program that included 6 piloted lunar landings between 1969 and 1972.

Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard development organization
acronym: AusIMM
has exact synonym: AusIMM

Australian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: ASA
comment: The Australian Space Agency is an agency under the Australian Government responsible for the development of Australia's commercial space industry, coordinating domestic activities, identifying opportunities and facilitating international space engagement that include Australian stakeholders.

Austrian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: ALR
comment: The Austrian Space Agency, official known since 2005 as the Aeronautics and Space Agency (German: Agentur für Luft- und Raumfahrt), is an organization whose purpose is to coordinate Austrian space exploration-related activities. It has been involved in both national programs and multinational efforts coordinated via the European Space Agency (ESA).

Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: BIRA
comment: The Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) (Dutch: Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aeronomie - BIRA, French: Institut royal d'aéronomie spatiale de Belgique - IASB) is a Belgian federal scientific research institute. Created in 1964, its main tasks are research and public service in space aeronomy, which is the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere of the Earth and other planets, and of outer space.

Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: ABAE
comment: The Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities (Agencia Bolivariana para Actividades Espaciales, ABAE) is an agency of the Ministry of Science of Venezuela, responsible for developing and carrying out policies of the National Executive Venezuela regarding the use of the outer space.

Bolivian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: ABE
comment: The agency is responsible for developing and implementing communications satellite programs and other space projects.

Brazilian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: AEB
comment: The Brazilian Space Agency (Portuguese: Agência Espacial Brasileira; AEB) is the civilian authority in Brazil responsible for the country's space program.

Bulgarian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: SRI-BAS
comment: The Space Research and Technology Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is a primary research body in the field of space science in Bulgaria.

Canadian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: CSA
comment: The Canadian Space Agency (CSA; French: Agence spatiale canadienne, ASC) is the national space agency of Canada, established in 1990 by the Canadian Space Agency Act.

Centre for Remote Imaging Sensing and Processing
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: CRISP
comment: The Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP) is a university-level research centre of the National University of Singapore (NUS), established in the early 1990s as a centre for the reception and processing of images from earth observation satellites.

China National Space Administration
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: CNSA
comment: China National Space Administration is the government agency of the People's Republic of China that is responsible for civil space administration and international space cooperation, including organizing or leading foreign exchanges and cooperation in the aerospace field.

Clementine M3
type: NamedIndividual
type: space mission

Colombian Space Commission
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: CSC
comment: The Colombian Space Commission (CSC) is Colombia’s government body for the promotion and use of space.

Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: CONAE
comment: Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE; in English, National Space Activities Commission) is the civilian agency of the government of Argentina in charge of the national space programme.

Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard development organization
acronym: CRIRSCO
has exact synonym: CRIRSCO

Danish National Space Center
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: DNSC
comment: The National Space Institute at the Technical University of Denmark, also known as DTU Space (Danish: Institut for Rumforskning og Rumteknologi), is a Danish sector research institute and a part of the Technical University of Denmark.

European Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: ESA
comment: intergovernmental organisation of 22 full member states: Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Republic of Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom There are 4 Non-Full member of ESA: Canada Latvia Lithuania Slovenia

European Union Space Programme Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: EUSPA
comment: The (European) Union Space Programme was established along with its managing agency (the European Union Agency for the Space Programme) in 2021,[2] in order to implement the pre-existing European Space Policy established on 22 May 2007 when a joint and concomitant meeting at the ministerial level of the Council of the European Union and the Council of the European Space Agency, known collectively as the European Space Council, adopted a Resolution on the European Space Policy.

Gale crater
type: NamedIndividual
type: martian site
definition: Gale is a crater, and probable dry lake, at 5°24′S 137°48′E﻿ / ﻿5.4°S 137.8°E﻿ / -5.4; 137.8 in the northwestern part of the Aeolis quadrangle on Mars.
definition source: Gale (crater)

Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: GISTDA
comment: The Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (Public Organization) or, in brief, GISTDA, is a Thai space agency and space research organisation.

German Aerospace Center
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: DLR
comment: The German Aerospace Center, abbreviated DLR, is the national center for aerospace, energy and transportation research of Germany.

Gusev crater
type: NamedIndividual
type: martian site
definition: Gusev is a crater on the planet Mars and is located at 14.5°S 175.4°E and is in the Aeolis quadrangle. The crater is about 166 kilometers in diameter and formed approximately three to four billion years ago. It was named after Russian astronomer Matvey Gusev in 1976.
definition source: Gusev (Martian crater)

Hellenic Space Centre
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: HSA
comment: The Hellenic Space Agency, abbreviated as the HSA, was the national space agency of Greece. It was founded at 19 March 2018 as a public limited company by the Ministry of Digital Policy, Telecommunications and Media. On August 9, 2019, it was replaced by the Hellenic Space Center.

Hungarian Space Office
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: HSO
comment: The Hungarian Space Research Office is the official Government of Hungary agency responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

Indian Space Research Organisation
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: ISRO
comment: The Indian Space Research Organisation is the national space agency of India.

Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: INTA
comment: The Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial «Esteban Terradas» (INTA, transl. 'National Institute for Aerospace Technology "Esteban Terradas"') is an autonomous agency of the Spanish public administration dependent on the Secretariat of State for Defence (SEDEF). It is responsible for the aerospace, aeronautics, hydrodynamics, and defense and security technologies research.

International Reporting Template
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard
comment: Name of a standard
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

International Space Station program
type: NamedIndividual
type: space program
comment: The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the fifteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilisation, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station.

Iranian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: ISA
comment: The Iranian Space Agency is Iran's governmental space agency.

Israeli Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: ISA
comment: The Israel Space Agency is a governmental body, a part of Israel's Ministry of Science and Technology, that coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals.

Italian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: ASI
comment: The Italian Space Agency is a government agency established in 1988 to fund, regulate and coordinate space exploration activities in Italy.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: JAXA
comment: The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is the Japanese national air and space agency.

Joint Ore Reserves Committee
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard
comment: Professional code of practice that sets minimum standards for Public Reporting of minerals Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves.
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

Korea Aerospace Research Institute
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: KARI
comment: The Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), established in 1989, is the aeronautics and space agency of South Korea.

Lithuanian Space Association
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: LSA
comment: The Lithuanian Space Association is a space organisation based in Vilnius, Lithuania.

living planet programme
type: NamedIndividual
type: space program
comment: The Living Planet Programme (LPP) is a programme within the European Space Agency that consists of two classes of Earth observation missions (Earth Explorers, and Earth Watch) whose objective is to develop support operational applications such as numerical weather forecasting or resource management.

Luxembourg Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: LSA
comment: The Luxembourg Space Agency (LSA) is the national space agency of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Malaysian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: MYSA
comment: The Malaysian Space Agency is the national space agency of Malaysia.

Mexican Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: AEM
comment: The Mexican Space Agency (AEM; Spanish: Agencia Espacial Mexicana) is the national space agency of Mexico

Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: MBRSC
comment: The Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, is a Dubai government organisation working on the United Arab Emirates space programme.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: NASA
comment: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

National Aerospace Development Administration
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: NADA
comment: National Aerospace Development Administration is the official space agency of North Korea, succeeding the Korean Committee of Space Technology (KCST)

National Centre for Space Studies
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: CNES
comment: The National Centre for Space Studies is the French government space agency.

National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: CONIDA
comment: The National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development is a national space agency tasked with government space activities in Peru.

National Instrument 43-101
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard
comment: Name of a standard
is defined by: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology
alternative label: NI 43-101

National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: Kazcosmos
comment: The National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan, also known as KazCosmos, or KazKosmos, is Kazakhstan's national space agency

National Space Organization
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: NSPO
comment: The National Space Organization is the national civilian space agency of the Republic of China (Taiwan), part of the National Applied Research Laboratories under the auspices of the Ministry of Science and Technology.

National Space Research and Development Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: NASRDA
comment: The National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) is the national space agency of Nigeria.

Netherlands Institute for Space Research
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: SRON
comment: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research is the Dutch expertise institute for space research.

Norwegian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: NOSA
comment: The Norwegian Space Agency (formerly the Norwegian Space Centre (NSC); Norwegian: Norsk Romsenter) is a Norwegian government agency that follows up Norway's public space activities.

Ontario Securities Commission
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard development organization
has exact synonym: OSC
comment: The Ontario Securities Commission is a regulatory agency which administers and enforces securities legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario. The OSC is an Ontario Crown agency which reports to the Ontario legislature through the Minister of Finance.

Paraguayan Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: AEP
comment: Space Agency of Paraguay

Petroleum Resources Management System
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard
comment: The Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) is a system developed for consistent and reliable definition, classification, and estimation of hydrocarbon resources.
alternative label: PRMS

Philippine Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: PhilSA
comment: The Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) is the national space agency of the Philippines.

Polish Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: POLSA
comment: The Polish Space Agency is a space agency of Poland.

Portugal Space
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: PTSPACE
comment: Portugal Space is the Portuguese Space Agency.

Romanian Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: ROSA
comment: The Romanian Space Agency is a public institution with extra-budgetary funding which coordinates the national space technology research programs and space research-related activities.

Roscosmos
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: Roscosmos
comment: The State Space Corporation "Roscosmos", commonly known simply as Roscosmos, is a state corporation of the Russian Federation responsible for space flights, cosmonautics programs, and aerospace research.

Saudi Space Commission
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: SSC
comment: Saudi Space Commission (SSC) is a Saudi independent government entity established by a royal order on December 27, 2018.

Society of Petroleum Engineers
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard development organization
comment: The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit professional organization whose stated mission is "to collect, disseminate, and exchange technical knowledge concerning the exploration, development and production of oil and gas resources and related technologies for the public benefit; and to provide opportunities for professionals to enhance their technical and professional competence"

Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: MAKA
comment: Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency is a governmental body that coordinates all Azerbaijani space research programs with scientific and commercial goals.

State Space Agency of Ukraine
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: SSAU
comment: The State Space Agency of Ukraine is the Ukrainian government agency responsible for space policy and programs.

Swedish National Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: SNSA
comment: The Swedish National Space Agency is a Government agency in Sweden operating under the Swedish Ministry of Education and Science.

Swiss Space Office
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: SSO
comment: The Swiss Space Office is the federal government's competence centre for national and international space matters.

The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard development organization
acronym: CIM
comment: The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) is a not-for-profit technical society of professionals in the Canadian minerals, metals, materials and energy industries.

Turkish Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: TUA
comment: The Turkish Space Agency is a government agency for national aerospace research in Turkey.

Turkmenistan National Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: TNSA
comment: Space Administration of Turkmenaragatnashyk Agency, is a governmental body that coordinates all Turkmenistan space research programs with scientific and commercial goals.

United Arab Emirates Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: UAESA
comment: The United Arab Emirates Space Agency is the space agency of the United Arab Emirates government responsible for the development of the country's space industry.

United Kingdom Space Agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
member of: European Space Agency
acronym: UKSA
comment: The United Kingdom Space Agency is an executive agency of the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the United Kingdom's civil space programme.

United Nations
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard development organization
acronym: UN
comment: an intergovernmental organization aiming to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest and most familiar international organization.

United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Reserves and Resources 2009
type: NamedIndividual
type: standard
acronym: UNFC-2009
comment: UNFC-2009 is a generic principle-based system in which quantities are classified on the basis of the three fundamental criteria of economic and social viability (E), field project status and feasibility (F), and geological knowledge (G), using a numerical coding system.

Vietnam National Space Center
type: NamedIndividual
type: space agency
acronym: VNSC
comment: The Vietnam National Satellite Center, renamed the Vietnam National Space Center in July 2017, was founded as a VAST research center on 16 September 2011 to manage and implement space and satellite projects for the government of Vietnam.

farside
type: NamedIndividual
type: lunar site
comment: The side of the Moon that always faces away from Earth.

flumen
type: NamedIndividual
type: astronomical site
has exact synonym: flumina
comment: Channel on Titan that might carry liquid

lunar highlands
type: NamedIndividual
type: lunar site
has exact synonym: terrae
comment: The lunar highlands are the brighter surface of the moon. They represent the ancient lunar crust that has been gardened extensively by meteoritic bombardment, particularly during the early period of intense bombardment around 3.9 Ga ago, resulting in extensive brecciation.
is defined by: Encyclopedia of the Solar System Book • Second Edition • 2007

lunar lowlands
type: NamedIndividual
type: lunar site
has exact synonym: PSRs
has exact synonym: mare
has exact synonym: permanently shadowed regions
comment: The darker plains of the moon. They are major products of volcanic processes on the Moon. These are large flows of basaltic lava that correspond to low-albedo surfaces covering nearly a third of the near side.

nearside
type: NamedIndividual
type: lunar site
comment: The side of the Moon that always faces Earth.

rille
type: NamedIndividual
type: lunar site
comment: Long channel on the Moon crossing the surface of maria; probably formed either as an open channel in a lava flow, or as an under-ground tube carrying hot lava which collapsed as the lava flowed out.

sea of serenity
type: NamedIndividual
type: lunar site
definition: One of the maria on the Moon's nearside
editor note: Its diameter is 674 km (419 mi)
definition source: PSRDglossary.html
has exact synonym: Mare Serenitatis

solar flare
type: NamedIndividual
type: astronomical site
comment: A region of exceptional brightness in an atmospheric layer of the Sun, often associated with sunspots of complex magnetic fields.

solar nebula
type: NamedIndividual
type: astronomical site
has broad synonym: The generic term for such a rotating disk around a newly formed star is protoplanetary disk.
comment: The immense rotating disk of gas and particles of floating cosmic dust from which our Solar System condensed approximately 4.567 billion years ago.

indicator has target

Project
UNEP ignore: true

SVNRepository
UNEP ignore: true

Version
UNEP ignore: true

inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
comment: If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this.
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: input of
  argument1: B
  argument2: C
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enabled by
  argument1: A
  argument2: B
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has regulatory component activity
  argument1: D
  argument2: C
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly regulates
  argument1: A
  argument2: D

inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: input of
  argument1: B
  argument2: C
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enabled by
  argument1: A
  argument2: B
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has negative regulatory component activity
  argument1: D
  argument2: C
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly negatively regulates
  argument1: A
  argument2: D

inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: input of
  argument1: B
  argument2: C
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enabled by
  argument1: A
  argument2: B
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has positive regulatory component activity
  argument1: D
  argument2: C
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly positively regulates
  argument1: A
  argument2: D

effector input is compound function input
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: eff
  argument2: in
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: mf
  argument2: in

Input of effector is input of its parent MF
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: mf
  argument2: in
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: eff
  argument2: in

Imp
comment: if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly positively regulates
  argument1: mf
  argument2: mf2
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly positively regulates
  argument1: eff
  argument2: mf2

Imp
comment: if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly regulates
  argument1: mf
  argument2: mf2
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly regulates
  argument1: eff
  argument2: mf2

if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly negatively regulates
  argument1: mf
  argument2: mf2
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly negatively regulates
  argument1: eff
  argument2: mf2

involved in BP
is rule enabled: true
comment: GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction'
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enables
  argument1: x
  argument2: y
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: part of
  argument1: y
  argument2: z
body: ClassAtom
  class predicate: biological process
  argument1: z
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: involved in
  argument1: x
  argument2: z

Imp
comment: This rule is dubious: added as a quick fix for expected inference in GO-CAM. The problem is most acute for transmembrane proteins, such as receptors or cell adhesion molecules, which have some subfunctions inside the cell (e.g. kinase activity) and some subfunctions outside (e.g. ligand binding). Correct annotation of where these functions occurs leads to incorrect inference about the location of the whole protein. This should probably be weakened to "... -> overlaps"
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enables
  argument1: x
  argument2: y
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: occurs in
  argument1: y
  argument2: z
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: part of
  argument1: x
  argument2: z