Semanticscience Integrated Ontology (SIO)

Every thing is an entity.

A material entity is a physical entity that is spatially extended, exists as a whole at any point in time and has mass.

A quality is an attribute that is intrinsically associated with its bearer (or its parts), but whose presence/absence and observed/measured value may vary.

A process is an entity that is identifiable only through the unfolding of time, has temporal parts, and unless otherwise specified/predicted, cannot be identified from any instant of time in which it exists.

A social entity pertains to the interaction among individuals and groups.

A social structure is a social entity which consists of relationships between two or more entities.

An organization is a collective with a complex articulation of tasks, roles and responsibilities.

A geographic position is the coordinate of an entity against some geographic coordinate system.

A disposition is the tendency of a capability to be exhibited under certain conditions or in response to a certain stimulus (trigger).

solubility (to dissolve when put in fluid); fragility (disposition to break when dropped)

information content entity is an object that requires some background knowledge or procedure to correctly interpret.

A role is a realizable entity that describes behaviours, rights and obligations of an entity in some particular circumstance.

A function is a capability that satisfies some agentive objective, or (evolutionary) optimization.

A site is a spatial region bounded (in part or in whole) by material entities and may be occupied by material entities.

A nostril; the interior of the heart valve; the interior of a bottle.

A material boundary is the boundary of a material entity which exists as a lower dimensional entity at exactly the location where its parts no longer extend into space. Every material entity has a boundary, and a boundary is the boundary of exactly 1 material entity.

the external surface of the window; the surface of the p52 protein

An object quality is quality of an object.

A process quality is quality that is associated with a process.

A sequence is a primary structure descriptor in which each of the letters in the string represents a monomeric unit (residue) in which adjacent letters represent the connectivity between the monomeric units.

A start date is a time instant pertaining to the date of the beginning of a process.

An end date is a time instant pertaining to date of the end of a process.

process status is a process quality that describes the state of a process.

completed is that status of a process that successfully unfolds.

ongoing is the status of a process that is not yet complete.

predicted is the quality of an entity that is thought to exist, as evidenced by some rational procedure.

A spatial quantity is a quantity obtained from measuring the spatial extent of an entity

A quantity that extends in single dimension.

depth is the dimensional extent into a plane of a 3D projection of the object.

height is the one dimensional extent along the vertical projection of a 3D object from a base plane of reference.

length is the longer dimensional extent along a 2D projection of the object.

width is the shorter dimensional extent perpendicular to a 2D projection of the object.

thickness is the shortest dimensional extent of a 3D projection of an object.

A quantity that extends in two dimensions.

area is a quantity that pertains to the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane.

A perimeter is a length of the outline that surrounds a two-dimensional shape.

circumference is the length of the outline of a circle or ellipse. it is defined as c = 2pir, where r is the radius.

A quantity that extends in three dimensions.

volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by some closed boundary.

composition quality is a quality that describes its composition or anatomy.

A quantity is an informational entity that gives the magnitude of a property.

shape is the quality of a bearer that relates to its spatial extent.

A measurement of a spatial location relative to a frame of reference or other objects.

orientation is an angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object.

A namespace is an informational entity that defines a logical container for a set of symbols or identifiers.

A data item consists of information that has been collected/generated towards some purpose.

A measurement value is a quantitative description that reflects the magnitude of some attribute.

A coordinate is a measurement of position in n-dimensional space.

A Cartesian coordinate is the signed distance of a point to some referent line.

A polar coordinate is a position characterized by a distance from a fixed point and an angle from a fixed direction.

A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention and/or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity.

A mathematical entity is an information content entity that are components of a mathematical system or can be defined in mathematical terms.

A plan is a set of intended actions, through which one expects to achieve a goal.

A generic name is the preferred name provided by manufacturer.

A language entity implements some language specification for the visual interpretation and is part of some document.

A visual language entity is a language entity that is manifested within the spectrum of light and can be pereceived and processed by a visual system.

A figure is a graphical entity which consists of a visual (n-dimentional) arrangement of information entities.

An image is an affine projection of a visual entity to a two dimensional surface.

A photograph is an image created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface.

A statistical graph is a figure that displays the relationship among numeric data and/or mathematical functions.

A question is a linguistic expression used to make a request for information.

A publication is a document that has been made available by a publisher.

A record is a document containing a collection of statements about some entity.

A dataset is a data item that is a collection of data items.

A specification is a description of the essential technical attributes/requirements for an object or procedure, and may be used to determine that the object / procedure meets its requirements/attributes.

An action specification is a specification composed of a sequence of instructions to achieve some objective.

A biopolymer is an organic polymer that are typically produced by the cells of living organisms.

An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function.

A software entity is a computational entity that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit.

A software method (also called subroutine, subprogram, procedure, method, function, or routine) is software designed to execute a specific task.

A software module is software composed of a collection of software methods.

A software library is software composed of a collection of software modules and/or software methods in a form that can be statically or dynamically linked to some software application.

A software application is software that can be directly executed by some processing unit.

A software interpreter is a software application that executes some specified input software.

A software script is software whose instructions can be executed using a software interpreter.

Language is a language entity which is the result of encoding and decoding information through systematic creation and usage of systems of symbols, each pairing a specific sign with an intended meaning, established through social conventions

A symbol is a proposition about what an entity represents.

A book is a publication composed of a large number of entries.

A chapter is a document section of a book or thesis.

A character is a language symbol used to construct words.

A novel is a fictitious prose narrative of book length, typically representing character and action with some degree of realism.

A paragraph is a self-contained unit of written discourse consisting of one or more sentences.

A document section is a component of a document.

A capability is a realizable entity whose basis lies in one or more parts or qualities and reflects possibility of an entity to behave in a specified way under certain conditions or in response to a certain stimulus (trigger).

A sentence is a grammatical unit consisting of one or more words that bear minimal syntactic relation to the words that precede or follow it.

A word is the smallest free form (an item that may be expressed in isolation with semantic or pragmatic content) in a language.

An identifier is a label that specifically refers to (identifies) an entity (instance/type).

A name is a label used to identify an entity.

A preferred name is the name that is generally used by some organization.

A common name is a name that is commonly used.

A brand name is a trademarked and marketed name of a product.

A scientific name is a name given through scientific nomenclature.

A magazine is a periodical that typically contains essays, stories, poems, etc., by many writers, and often photographs and drawings, frequently specializing in a particular subject or area, as hobbies, news, or sports.

A synonym is a word with the same or very similar meanings.

An antonym is a word with opposite or nearly opposite meaning.

A hypernym is a term with a broader meaning.

A hyponym is a term with a narrower meaning.

A homonym is a word that sounds the same but has different meaning.

A workflow is an algorithm that is is a depiction of a sequence of operations to achieve one or more objectives.

An ontology document is a document that contains an ontology.

A pattern is a generalized representation of some repeatable concrete or informational item.

A sequence motif is a pattern of nucleotides in a DNA sequence or amino acids in a protein.

A descriptor (index term, subject term, subject heading) is a term that captures the essence of the topic of a document.

A definition is a description that succintly characterizes an entity.

A description is language entity in which elements of a language (formal or natural) are used to characterize an entity.

A category is a class of entities having particular shared characteristics.

A class is a collection of sets which can be unambiguously defined by a property that all its members share.

A web service is a software application that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a remote system hosting the requested services.

A criterion is a specification to describe properties used for evaluation.

An inclusion criterion is a criterion that must be present to satisfy some objective.

An exclusion criterion is a criterion that must be absent to satistify the objective.

A parameter is variable whose value changes the characteristics of a system or a function.

A monomer is a submolecule that is proper part of some polymer, and is a building block for such polymer.

A keyword is a descriptor in which the association of the word with the entity facilitates information retrieval.

A document is a bounded physical or digital representation of a body of information designed with the capacity (and usually intent) to communicate.

A list is any enumeration of a set of items.

A manuscript is a document prior to publication.

A note is a brief document.

A patent is an information entity granted by a patent issuing authority which confers upon the patenter the sole right to make, use and sell an invention for a set period of time.

An article is a publication that is stand-alone section of a larger work.

A blog is a publication accessible at some website and is typically about various experiences.

A book volume is a book that is part of a collection.

A conference proceedings is a book composed of papers presented at a conference.

A book series is a collection of books that have been sequentially published.

An edited publication is a publication that has been examined and potentially changed by an editor.

A journal is a a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published.

A manual is a document that instructs on the usage of a device.

A periodical is a publication that appears on a regular schedule.

A newspaper is a periodical publication containing news regarding current events, informative articles, diverse features, editorials, and advertising.

A technical report is a publication published by a school or other institution, usually numbered within a series.

A thesis document is the written research component of a post-secondary institution that contains a statement supported by arguments.

An honor's thesis is a thesis prepared as a requirement for an honor's undergraduate degree.