AIRO
type: Ontology
contributor: Dave Lewis
contributor: Harshvardhan J. Pandit
creator: Delaram Golpayegani
description: AIRO represents AI risk concepts and relations based on the AI Act draft and ISO 31000 standard series.
issued: 2021-01-20T09:00:00
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 2021-07-01T17:01:00
publisher: ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin
label: AI Risk Ontology
version info: 0.2

affects
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: AI Subject

detects event
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: modifies event
domain: Control
range: Event

eliminates event
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: modifies event
domain: Control
range: Event

has AI indicator
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: AI System Indicator

has application
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: AI Application

has component
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: AI Component
comment: Indicates components of an AI system.

has consequence
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Risk
range: Consequence

has documentation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Document

has execution environment
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Execution Environment

has expected accuracy
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: AI System Accuracy

has impact
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Consequence
range: Impact

has impact on AI subject
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Impact
range: AI Subject

has impact on area
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Impact
range: Area Of Impact

has lifecycle phase
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: AI Lifecycle Phase

has likelihood
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Event
range: Likelihood
comment: Indicates the probability of occurrence of an event.

has mode of operation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Operation Mode

has post-market monitoring system
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Post-market Monitoring System

Indicates the intended purpose of an AI system.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Purpose
label: has purpose

has risk
type: ObjectProperty
range: Risk

has severity
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Consequence
  union of: Impact
range: Severity

has stakeholder
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Stakeholder
comment: Indicates stakeholders of an AI system

has version
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Version

has vulnerability
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Vulnerability
comment: Indicates vulnerabilities of an AI system.

is applied within domain
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Domain
comment: Indicates the domain (context) the AI system is intended to be used in.

is developed by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: AI Developer

is expected accuracy of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System Accuracy
range: AI System

is extent of use of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Extent Of Use
range: AI System

is followed by control
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Control
range: Control

is in vulnerable position
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Group
  union of: Natural Person
range: Vulnerable Position

is part of control
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Partial Control
range: Control

is performance of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Performance
range: AI System

is risk source for
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Risk Source
range: Risk

is technical spec applied in
type: ObjectProperty

is used by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: AI User

is used for testing
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Testing Data
range: AI System

is used for training
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Training Data
range: AI System

is used for validating
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Validation Data
range: AI System

is used in environment
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Environment Of Use

is used in form of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: AI System Form

is used to measure
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Metric
range: Indicator

mitigates event
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: modifies event
domain: Control
range: Event

modifies event
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Control
range: Event

produces output
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Output

uses standard
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Standard

uses technical specification
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: Technical Specification

uses technique
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AI System
range: AI Technique
comment: Indicates the AI techniques used in an AI system.

AI Application
type: Class
comment: Refers to the application and usage of the AI system.

AI Component
type: Class
comment: A functional element that constructs an AI system. [Source: ISO 22989]

AI Developer
type: Class
subclass of: Stakeholder
comment: A natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body that develops an AI system or that has an AI system developed with a view to placing it on the market or putting it into service under its own name or trademark, whether for payment or free of charge. [Source: AI Act]

AI Hardware
type: Class
subclass of: AI Component
comment: Hardware on which the AI system run.

AI Lifecycle Phase
type: Class
comment: A Phase of AI lifecycle which indicates evolution of the system from conception through retirement.

AI Subject
type: Class
subclass of: Stakeholder
comment: An AI subject is an organization or entity that is impacted by an AI system, service or product.

AI System
type: Class
subclass of: System
comment: Represents a software that is developed with one or more of the AI Approaches and can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, generate outputs such as content, predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing the environments they interact with. [Source: AI Act, Art 3(1)]

AI System Accuracy
type: Class
subclass of: Accuracy
comment: Indicates the degree to which a product or system provides the correct results with the needed degree of precision. [ISO 22989, 3.4.4]

AI System Form
type: Class
comment: refers to the forms in which AI system is placed on the market or put into service.

AI System Indicator
type: Class
subclass of: Indicator
comment: Represents indicators for expressing properties of AI systems.

AI Technique
type: Class
comment: Represents the main approaches and techniques used for development of AI systems.

AI User
type: Class
subclass of: Stakeholder
comment: Any natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body using an AI system under its authority. [Source: AI Act]

Accuracy
type: Class
subclass of: AI System Indicator

Admission Test Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment For Education
comment: Refers to the assessment of participants in tests required for admission to educational institutions.

Adversarial Attack
type: Class
subclass of: Attack
comment: inputs designed to cause the model to make a mistake

Advertising Vacancies
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment For Recruitment

Algorithm-Related Risk Source
type: Class
subclass of: Risk Source

Applicant
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Person
comment: A person who has made an application.

Application Examination
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision

Application Filtering
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment For Recruitment
comment: Filtering applications for recruitment or selection of natural persons.

Application Screening
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment For Recruitment

Applying The Law to Facts
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Reasoning
comment: Refers to the application of the law to a concrete set of facts.

Approval
type: Class
subclass of: Manual Control
comment: Represents approval or refusual of a request, excutation of process, etc. to prevent or mitigate a risk.

Area Of Impact
type: Class
comment: Represents areas that AI might have impact on.

Assessing Health Risk
type: Class
subclass of: Individual Risk Assessment

Assessing Past Criminal Behaviour
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment

Assessing Risk For Potential Victims Of Criminal Offences
type: Class
subclass of: Individual Risk Assessment

Assessing Risk Of Irregular Immigration
type: Class
subclass of: Individual Risk Assessment

Assessing Risk Of Offending
type: Class
subclass of: Individual Risk Assessment

Assessing Risk Of Reoffending
type: Class
subclass of: Individual Risk Assessment

Assessing Security Risk
type: Class
subclass of: Individual Risk Assessment

Assessing Tests Required For Admission
type: Class
subclass of: Student Assessment

Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision
comment: Refers to the use of AI systems for assessmen and evaluation.

Assessment For Education
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment
comment: Refers to assessment for education and vocational training purposes.

Assessment For Recruitment
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment
comment: Refers to assessment related to employment, workers management and access to self-employment.

Assessment Of Employee
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment

Assigning People To Educational Institutions
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment For Education

Asylum Application Examination
type: Class
subclass of: Application Examination

Asylum Seeker
type: Class
subclass of: Applicant
comment: A person who has applied for asylum.

Attack
type: Class
subclass of: Risk Source

Automated Control
type: Class
subclass of: Control
disjoint with: Manual Control
comment: Represents controls that do not involve human intervention.

Bayesian Estimation
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical Approach

Bias
type: Class
subclass of: Bias Consequence
comment: Systematic difference in treatment of certain objects, people, or groups in comparison to others [ISO 22989]

Bias Consequence
type: Class
subclass of: Consequence
comment: Represents consequences related to bias.

Bias Detection
type: Class
subclass of: Detection Control
comment: Represens controls that are applied to detect bias in datasets, models, algorithms, ect.

Biased Testing Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Testing Data Risk Source

Biased Training Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Training Data Risk Source

Biased Validation Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Validation Data Risk Source

Biometric Categorisation
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision

Biometric Identification
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision
comment: Identifaction of natural persons using biometric data.

Blueprint
type: Class
subclass of: Document

Child
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Person
comment: An individual human being who is below the age of 18 (according to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child)

Competent Public Authority
type: Class
subclass of: Public Authority

Consequence
type: Class
subclass of: Event
comment: Outcome of an event affecting objectives. [Source: ISO 31000, 3.6]

Content
type: Class
subclass of: Output
comment: Content generated using an AI system.

Control
type: Class
comment: Represents the measure that maintains and/or modifies risk. [Source: ISO 31000, 3.8]

Creditworthiness Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment
comment: Refers to the evaluation the creditworthiness of natural persons or establishing their credit score.

Crime Analytics
type: Class
subclass of: Pattern Recognition
comment: Refers to crime analytics regarding natural persons, allowing law enforcement authorities to search complex related and unrelated large data sets available in different data sources or in different data formats in order to identify unknown patterns or discover hidden relationships in the data.

Cyberattack
type: Class
subclass of: Attack

Data
type: Class
subclass of: AI Component
comment: Reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing [Source: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121272]

Data Accuracy
type: Class
subclass of: Accuracy
comment: Indicates the degree to which data has attributes that correctly represent the true value of the intended attribute of a concept or event in a specific context of use. [ISO 22989, 3.4.3]

Data Poisoning
type: Class
subclass of: Attack
comment: Attack trying to manipulate the training dataset

DataSet-Related Risk Source
type: Class
subclass of: Risk Source

Datasheet
type: Class
subclass of: Document

Death
type: Class
subclass of: Wellbeing Impact
comment: Represents death of a person caused by AI.

Decision
type: Class
subclass of: Output
comment: Decision generated by an AI system.

Decreased Robustness
type: Class
subclass of: Performance Consequence
comment: Indicates decreased level of system's robustness resulted from materialisation of a risk.

Decreased Security
type: Class
subclass of: Performance Consequence
comment: Indicates decreased level of security of the AI system resulted from materialisation of a risk.

Deep Fake Detection
type: Class
subclass of: Detection
comment: Dectection of content that is generated using deep fake.

Defendant
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Person
comment: A person who is being accused of criminal offences.

Degraded Accuracy
type: Class
subclass of: Performance Consequence
comment: Indicates decreased level of system's accuracy resulted from materialisation of a risk.

Design Specification
type: Class
subclass of: Document

Detecting Non-Authentic Documents
type: Class
subclass of: Detection

Detection
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision
comment: Refers to the use of AI systems to detect an entity, pattern, etc.

Detection Control
type: Class
subclass of: Control
comment: Represents controls that are applied to detect an event.

Determine Credit Score
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment

Determining Access To Education
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment For Education
comment: Refers to the purpose of determining access or assigning natural persons to educational and vocational training institutions.

Discovering Hidden Relationships Related To Crime
type: Class
subclass of: Crime Analytics

Dispacthing Emergency Service
type: Class
subclass of: Planning
comment: Dispatching of emergency first response services, including by firefighters and medical aid.

Disruption Of Operation Of Critical Infrastructure
type: Class
subclass of: Impact On Facility
comment: Represents disruption of management and operation of critical infrastructure.

Distortion In Human Behaviour
type: Class
subclass of: Wellbeing Impact
comment: Represents adverse impacts of AI on human behaviour.

Document
type: Class
subclass of: Entity

Domain
type: Class
comment: Represents the sector/domain the AI system is intended to be used in.

EU Declaration Of Conformity
type: Class
subclass of: Document

Elimination Control
type: Class
subclass of: Control
comment: Represents controls that applied to prevent an event from happening.

Emotion Recognition
type: Class
subclass of: Detection
comment: Refers to the detection of the emotional state of a natural person.

Employee
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Person
comment: Persons in work-related contractual relationships.

Employee Behaviour Monitoring
type: Class
subclass of: Employee Monitoring

Employee Evaluation
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment For Recruitment

Employee Monitoring
type: Class
subclass of: Monitoring
comment: Represents purpose of monitoring and evaluating performance and behavior of employees in workplace.

Employee Performance Monitoring
type: Class
subclass of: Employee Monitoring

Environment Of Use
type: Class

Environmental Damage
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental Impact
comment: Represents the deterioration of the environment caused by AI.

Environmental Impact
type: Class
subclass of: Impact
comment: Represent impact on the enviroment.

Error In Data Collection
type: Class
subclass of: DataSet-Related Risk Source

Error In Data Prepration
type: Class
subclass of: DataSet-Related Risk Source

Error In Input Data
type: Class
subclass of: Input Data Risk Source

Error In Testing Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Testing Data Risk Source

Error In Training Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Training Data Risk Source

Error In Validation Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Validation Data Risk Source

Evaluating Behaviour Of Employee
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment Of Employee

Evaluating Performance Of Employee
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment Of Employee

Evaluating Reliability Of Evidence
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment
comment: Refers to the evaluation of the reliability of evidence in the course of investigation or prosecution of criminal offences.

Event
type: Class
comment: Represents occurrence or change of a particular set of circumstances. [Source ISO 31000, 3.5]

Execution Environment
type: Class
comment: Hardware on which the AI system run

Expected Lifetime
type: Class
subclass of: AI System Indicator
comment: Represents the expected lifetime of a system.

Extent Of Use
type: Class
subclass of: AI System Indicator
comment: Represents the extent to which an AI system has been used or is likely to be used.

Facial Recognition
type: Class
subclass of: AI Application
comment: Automatic pattern recognition comparing stored images of human faces with the image of an actual face, indicating any matching, if it exists, and any data, if they exist, identifying the person to whom the face belongs [Source: ISO 5127:2017, 3.1.12.09].

Firefighter
type: Class
subclass of: AI User
comment: A person who works as a firefighter.

Fundamental Right
type: Class
subclass of: Area Of Impact
comment: Represents a right, freedom, or principle set out in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.

Generating Audio Content
type: Class
subclass of: Generating Content
comment: Refers to manipulating or generating audio content.

Generating Content
type: Class
subclass of: Purpose
comment: Represents purpose of generating or manipulating content.

Generating Image Content
type: Class
subclass of: Generating Content
comment: Refers to manipulating or generating image content.

Generating Video Content
type: Class
subclass of: Generating Content
comment: Refers to manipulating or generating video content.

Granting Public Assistance Services
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision

Group
type: Class
subclass of: AI Subject
comment: A group of persons such as citizens, marginsalised groups, etc.

Harmonised Standard
type: Class
subclass of: Standard
comment: a European standard as defined in Article 2(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012

Health
type: Class
subclass of: Health And Safety
comment: Represents health of a person.

Health And Safety
type: Class
subclass of: Area Of Impact
comment: Represents area of health and safety.

Human Behaviour
type: Class
subclass of: Health And Safety
comment: Represents the way a person acts.

Human Oversight Measure
type: Class
subclass of: Semi Automated Control
comment: Represents measures for overseening the system by natural persons to detect, prevent or minimise risk.

Identifying Unkown Patterns Of Crime
type: Class
subclass of: Crime Analytics

Immigration Eligibility Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment
comment: Examination of applications for asylum, visa and residence permits and associated complaints

Impact
type: Class
subclass of: Consequence
comment: Represents outcomes of a consequence on persons, groups, facilities, environment, etc.

Impact On Facility
type: Class
subclass of: Impact
comment: Represents impact of AI on facilities and property.

Incompetence Of Human Oversight Actors
type: Class
subclass of: Organisational Risk Source
comment: Refers to incompentece of individuals to whom human oversight is assigned.

Incompleteness Of Testing Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Testing Data Risk Source

Incompleteness Of Training Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Training Data Risk Source

Incompleteness Of Validation Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Validation Data Risk Source

Indicator
type: Class

Individual Risk Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment
comment: Refers to use of AI systems for making individual risk assessments of natural persons in order to assess the risk of a natural person for offending or reoffending or the risk for potential victims of criminal offences.

Inductive Programming
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Based Approach

Physical Injury
type: Class
subclass of: Wellbeing Impact
comment: Represents physical injuries caused by AI.

Input Data
type: Class
subclass of: Data
comment: Data for which an AI system calculates a predicted output or inference [Source: ISO/IEC FDIS 22989, 3.2.9].

Input Data Risk Source
type: Class
subclass of: DataSet-Related Risk Source

Installation Instruction
type: Class
subclass of: Document

Instruction Of Use
type: Class
subclass of: Document

Interruption
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Control
comment: Represent a contol used to interrupt the system's operation.

Intervation
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Control
comment: Intervention of a system's operation

Interview Evaluation
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment For Recruitment

Irrelevant Testing Data
type: Class
subclass of: Testing Data Risk Source

Irrelevant Training Data
type: Class
subclass of: Training Data Risk Source

Irrelevant Validation Data
type: Class
subclass of: Validation Data Risk Source

A person who has made an application for employment.
type: Class
subclass of: Applicant
label: Job Applicant

Judicial Authority
type: Class
subclass of: AI User

Knowledge Based Approach
type: Class
subclass of: AI Technique
comment: Represents knowledge-based approaches, including knowledge representation, , knowledge bases and expert systems.

Knowledge Reasoning
type: Class
subclass of: Purpose
comment: Represents purpose of capturing knowledge and acquiring new knowledge.

Knowledge Representation
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Based Approach

Lack Of Appropriate Instruction For Use
type: Class
subclass of: Organisational Risk Source

Lack Of Appropriate Level Of Security
type: Class
subclass of: Perfomance Related Risk Source

Lack Of Human Oversight Measure
type: Class
subclass of: Organisational Risk Source

Lack Of Transparency
type: Class
subclass of: Organisational Risk Source

Law Enforcement Authority
type: Class
subclass of: AI User

Legal Interpretation
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Reasoning
comment: Represents purpose of researching and interpreting facts and the law.

Likelihood
type: Class
subclass of: Risk Indicator
comment: Chance of an event happening. [Source: ISO 31000, 3.7]

Logic Based Approach
type: Class
subclass of: AI Technique
comment: Represents Logic-based approaches, including inductive (logic) programming.

Low Level Of Accuracy
type: Class
subclass of: Perfomance Related Risk Source
comment: Refers to inacurracy of the predictions, recommondations, or decisions produced by the system.

Low Level Of Robustness
type: Class
subclass of: Perfomance Related Risk Source

Machine Learning Approach
type: Class
subclass of: AI Technique
comment: Represenets machine learning approaches, including supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning, using a wide variety of methods including deep learning. [Source: AI Act, Annex I]

Making Decision
type: Class
subclass of: Purpose
comment: Represents purpose of generating decisions.

Making Prediction
type: Class
subclass of: Purpose
comment: Represents purpose of predicting something based on the existing information.

Making Promotion Decision
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment Of Employee
comment: Refers to making decisions on promotion.

Making Termination Decision
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment Of Employee
comment: Refers to termination of work-related contractual relationships.

Manual Control
type: Class
subclass of: Control
disjoint with: Semi Automated Control
comment: Represents controls performed by humans without any use of technologies.

Medical Aid
type: Class
subclass of: AI User
comment: A person who works as a medical aid.

Metric
type: Class

Migration Related Complaints Examination
type: Class
subclass of: Application Examination

Misuse
type: Class
subclass of: Risk Source
comment: The use of an AI system in a way that is not in accordance with its intended purpose.

Model
type: Class
subclass of: AI Component
comment: Physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, process or data [Source: ISO/IEC FDIS 22989, 3.1.23]

Model Evasion
type: Class
subclass of: Attack

Model Inversion
type: Class
subclass of: Attack

Monitoring
type: Class
subclass of: Purpose
comment: Represents purpose of observing and keeping track of something.

Operation Mode
type: Class

Operational Control
type: Class
subclass of: Control

Optimisation Method
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical Approach

Organisational Control
type: Class
subclass of: Control

Organisational Risk Source
type: Class
subclass of: Risk Source

Output
type: Class
comment: Indicates output of an AI system.

Over Reliance
type: Class
subclass of: Wellbeing Impact
comment: Represents tendency of automatically relying or over-relying on the output produced by an AI system

Overriding The Outcome
type: Class
subclass of: Mitigation Control
comment: Represents overriding outcome of a system.

Partial Control
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Control
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is part of control
    some values from: Control

Pattern Recognition
type: Class
subclass of: Detection
comment: Refers to identification of unknown patterns in data.

Performance
type: Class
subclass of: AI System Indicator
comment: the ability of an AI system to achieve its intended purpose [Source: AI Act, Article 3(18)]

Performance Consequence
type: Class
subclass of: Consequence
comment: Represents consequences related to the performance of the AI System.

Perfomance Related Risk Source
type: Class
subclass of: Risk Source

Natural Person
type: Class
subclass of: AI Subject
comment: An individual human being.

Person Who Has Entered A Territory
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Person
comment: A person who has entered a territory.

Person Who Intends To Enter Territory
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Person
comment: A person who intends to enter a territory.

Personality Traits Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment

Physical Health
type: Class
subclass of: Health
comment: Represents physical health.

Planning
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision
comment: Represents use of AI systems for planning and scheduling.

Post-market Monitoring System
type: Class
subclass of: System

Post-market monitoring plan
type: Class
subclass of: Document

Post-market Monitoring System Description
type: Class
subclass of: Document

Pre-trianed Model
type: Class
subclass of: Model

Predicting Recidivism
type: Class
subclass of: Making Prediction
comment: Referes to predicting the occurrence or reoccurrence of an actual or potential criminal offence based on profiling of natural persons or assessing personality traits and characteristics or past criminal behaviour of natural persons or groups.

Prediction
type: Class
subclass of: Output
comment: Primary output of an AI system when provided with input data or information. [Source: ISO/IEC FDIS 22989, 3.1.27]

Mitigation Control
type: Class
subclass of: Control
comment: Control applied to reduce likelihood or severity of the risk, consequence or impact.

Prioritisation Of Emergency Service
type: Class
subclass of: Planning
comment: Establishing priority in the dispatching of emergency first response services, including by firefighters and medical aid.

Producing Recommendation
type: Class
subclass of: Purpose
comment: Represents purpose of producing meaningful recommendations to users of the system.

Profiling
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision
comment: Refers to profiling of natural persons in the course of detection, investigation or prosecution of criminal offences.

Property Damage
type: Class
subclass of: Impact On Facility
comment: Represents damage of properties caused by AI.

Providing Instruction Of Use
type: Class
subclass of: Organisational Control
comment: Represents providing information to inform the user of in particular an AI system’s intended purpose and proper use, inclusive of the specific geographical, behavioural or functional setting within which the AI system is intended to be used.

Psychological Harm
type: Class
subclass of: Wellbeing Impact
comment: Represents psychological injuries caused by AI.

Psychological Health
type: Class
subclass of: Health
comment: Represents psychological health.

Public Assistance Eligibility Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment
comment: Evaluation of the eligibility of natural persons for public assistance benefits and services.

Public Authority
type: Class
subclass of: AI User

Purpose
type: Class
comment: Refers to the use for which an AI system is intended by the provider, including the specific context and conditions of use, as specified in the information supplied by the provider in the instructions for use, promotional or sales materials and statements, as well as in the technical documentation. [Source: AI Act, Art 3(12)]

Reasonably Forseeable Misuse
type: Class
subclass of: Misuse
comment: Use of an AI system in a way that is not in accordance with its intended purpose, but which may result from reasonably foreseeable human behaviour or interaction with other systems [Source: AI Act, Article 3(13)]

Reclaiming Public Assisstance Services
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision

Recuritment Test Evaluation
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment For Recruitment

Reducing Public Assisstance Services
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision

Reinforcement Learning
type: Class
subclass of: Machine Learning Approach

Remote Biometric Identification
type: Class
subclass of: AI Application
comment: Identifying natural persons at a distance through the comparison of a person’s biometric data with the biometric data contained in a reference database.

Representative Of Public Authority
type: Class
subclass of: AI User
comment: An entity who act on behalf of a public authority.

Residence Permit Applicant
type: Class
subclass of: Applicant
comment: A person who has applied for a residence permit.

Residence Permits Application Examination
type: Class
subclass of: Application Examination

Reversibility
type: Class
subclass of: AI System Indicator
comment: Specifies the extent to which the outcome produced with an AI system is easily reversible.

Reversing The Outcome
type: Class
subclass of: Mitigation Control
comment: Represents reversing the outcome of a system.

Revoking Public Assisstance Services
type: Class
subclass of: Making Decision

Risk
type: Class
subclass of: Event
comment: Indicates a risk (of harm) associated with an AI system.

Risk Indicator
type: Class
subclass of: Indicator
comment: Represents indicators for expressing risk.

Risk Source
type: Class
subclass of: Event
comment: Indicates an element that has the potential give rise to a risk.

Robustness
type: Class
subclass of: AI System Indicator
comment: Ability of a system to maintain its level of performance under any circumstances. [Source: ISO 22989]

Safety
type: Class
subclass of: Health And Safety
comment: Represents the state of being safe.

Search Method
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical Approach

Security
type: Class
subclass of: AI System Indicator

Semi Automated Control
type: Class
subclass of: Control
comment: Represnets controls that comprise a combination of automated and manual controls.

Serious Incident
type: Class
subclass of: Risk Source
comment: Any incident that directly or indirectly leads, might have led or might lead to : (a) the death of a person or serious damage to a person’s health, to property or the environment, (b) a serious and irreversible disruption of the management and operation of critical infrastructure [Source: AI Act, Articl3 3(44)]

Severity
type: Class
subclass of: Risk Indicator

Staff Training
type: Class
subclass of: Organisational Control
comment: Represents training of staff, users, etc.

Stakeholder
type: Class
comment: Represents any individual, group or organization that can affect, be affected by or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or activity [Source: ISO/IEC TR 24028, 3.37]

Standard
type: Class
subclass of: Entity

Statistical Approach
type: Class
subclass of: AI Technique
comment: Represenets statistical approaches, Bayesian estimation, search and optimization methods. [Source: AI Act, Annex I]

Student
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Person
comment: A person who is studying at a school or a university.

Student Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment For Education
comment: Refers to the purpose of assessing students in educational and vocational training institutions and for assessing participants in tests commonly required for admission to educational institutions.

Student Assessment In Educational Institutions
type: Class
subclass of: Student Assessment

Subliminal Technique
type: Class
subclass of: System Related Source
comment: use of subliminal techniques beyond a person’s consciousness in order to materially distort a person’s behaviour in a manner that causes or is likely to cause that person or another person physical or psychological harm

Supervised Learning
type: Class
subclass of: Machine Learning Approach

Symbolic Reasoning
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Based Approach

System
type: Class
subclass of: Entity

System Architecture
type: Class
subclass of: Document

System Related Source
type: Class
subclass of: Risk Source

Task Allocation
type: Class
subclass of: Planning
comment: Refers to the Assignment of tasks to persons.

Technical Control
type: Class
subclass of: Control
comment: Represents controls that are implemented using a technology.

Technical Specification
type: Class
subclass of: Entity

Test log
type: Class
subclass of: Document

Test Participant
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Person
comment: A person who is participating in a test.

Test Report
type: Class
subclass of: Document

Testing Data
type: Class
subclass of: Data

Testing Data Risk Source
type: Class
subclass of: DataSet-Related Risk Source

Tool
type: Class
subclass of: AI Component
comment: A tool that has been used in development of an AI system.

Training Data
type: Class
subclass of: Data
comment: Data used to train a machine learning model [ISO/IEC FDIS 22989, 3.3.16]

Training Data Risk Source
type: Class
subclass of: DataSet-Related Risk Source

Unavailability Of Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: DataSet-Related Risk Source

Unrepresentative Testing Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Testing Data Risk Source

Unrepresentative Training Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Training Data Risk Source

Unrepresentative Validation Data Set
type: Class
subclass of: Validation Data Risk Source

Unsupevised Learning
type: Class
subclass of: Machine Learning Approach

User Indicator
type: Class
subclass of: Indicator
comment: Represents indicators for expressing attributes of users of AI systems.

Validation Data
type: Class
subclass of: Data
comment: Data used to compare the performance of different candidate models [Source: ISO/IEC FDIS 22989, 3.2.5].

Validation Data Risk Source
type: Class
subclass of: DataSet-Related Risk Source

Verifying Authenticity
type: Class
subclass of: Assessment
comment: Refers to the verification of the authenticity of documents.

Verifying Authenticity Of Supporting Document
type: Class
subclass of: Verifying Authenticity

Verifying Authenticity Of Travel Document
type: Class
subclass of: Verifying Authenticity
comment: Refers to the verification of the authenticity of travel documents and supporting documentation of natural persons and detection of non-authentic documents by checking their security features.

Version
type: Class

Visa Applicant
type: Class
subclass of: Applicant
comment: A person who has applied for a visa.

Visa Application Examination
type: Class
subclass of: Application Examination

Vulnerable Position
type: Class
subclass of: User Indicator
comment: Represents whether potentially harmed or adversely impacted persons are in a vulnerable position due to an imbalance of power, knowledge, economic or social circumstances, or age. [Source: AI Act]

Wellbeing Impact
type: Class
subclass of: Impact
comment: Represents impact of AI on persons' health and wellbeing.

Wrong Data Set Design Choice
type: Class
subclass of: DataSet-Related Risk Source

Citizenship Applicant
type: Class
subclass of: Applicant
comment: A person who has applied for citizenship.

Vulnerability
type: Class
subclass of: System Related Source
comment: Weakness of a system can be exploited by one or more threats. [Source: ISO/IEC TR 24028, 3.48 with modifications]