PMD Core Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: 3.0.0-alpha2
bibliographic citation: PMDco: Platform Material Digital Ontology. Version 3.0.0-alpha2, https://w3id.org/pmd/co/
contributor: Martin Glauer
contributor: Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi
contributor: Simon Stier
contributor: Kostiantyn Hubaiev
created: 2025-07-09
creator: Jörg Waitelonis
creator: Fabian Neuhaus
creator: Bernd Bayerlein
creator: Markus Schilling
creator: Lars Vogt
creator: Henk Birkholz
creator: Thomas Hanke
creator: Philipp von Hartrott
creator: Jannis Grundmann
description: The PMD Core Ontology (PMDco) is a comprehensive framework for representing knowledge that encompasses fundamental concepts from the domains of materials science and engineering (MSE). The PMDco has been designed as a mid-level ontology to establish a connection between specific MSE application ontologies and the domain neutral concepts found in established top-level ontologies. The primary goal of the PMDco is to promote interoperability between diverse domains. PMDco's class structure is both understandable and extensible, making it an efficient tool for organizing MSE knowledge. It serves as a semantic intermediate layer that unifies MSE knowledge representations, enabling data and metadata to be systematically integrated on key terms within the MSE domain. With PMDco, it is possible to seamlessly trace data generation. By building on this foundation, PMDco facilitates the integration of data from various sources and the creation of complex workflows. In summary, PMDco is a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners in the MSE domains. It provides a common language for representing and sharing knowledge, allowing for efficient collaboration and promoting interoperability between diverse domains. Its design allows for the systematic integration of data and metadata, enabling seamless traceability of data generation. Overall, PMDco is a crucial step towards a unified and comprehensive understanding of the MSE domain. PMDco at GitHub: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology Documentation: https://materialdigital.github.io/core-ontology/docs/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
prior version: 3.0.0-alpha1
version info: 3.0.0-alpha2

Has Curation Status
type: AnnotationProperty
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Hat Kurationsstatus @de

Term Editor
type: AnnotationProperty
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Begriffseditor @de

Definition Source
type: AnnotationProperty
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Definitionsquelle @de

Imported From
type: AnnotationProperty
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Importiert Aus @de

term tracker annotation
type: AnnotationProperty
IAO_0000115: A term tracker annotation is an editor note used to track the history of an entity. For each change, it records the related GitHub issue and pull request.
IAO_0000116: hijacked from http://openenergy-platform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00020426
sub property of: IAO_0000116

has realization
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process
alternative label: realized in
definition: b has realization c =Def c realizes b
example: As for realizes

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
example: A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
domain: Class
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: generically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
range: process
definition: (Elucidation) participates in holds between some b that is either a specifically dependent continuant or generically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region & some process p such that b participates in p some way
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: Class
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: generically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
definition: p has participant c =Def c participates in p
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

is concretized by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: concretizes
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
definition: c is concretized by b =Def b concretizes c
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
definition: b concretizes c =Def b is a process or a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & there is some time t such that c is the pattern or content which b shares at t with actual or potential copies
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
example: The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
example: The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.
scope note: Each temporal region is its own temporal extent. The temporal extent of a spatiotemporal region is the temporal region it temporally projects onto. The temporal extent of a process or process boundary that occupies temporal region t is t.
scope note: Precedes defines a strict partial order on occurrents.

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: environs
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
definition: b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
example: A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank

generically depends on
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is carrier of
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
alternative label: g-depends on
definition: b generically depends on c =Def b is a generically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & at some time t there inheres in c a specifically dependent continuant which concretizes b at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

is carrier of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is carrier of c =Def there is some time t such that c generically depends on b at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
example: First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000

has member part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part
inverse of: member part of
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: b has member part c =Def c member part of b
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

has occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
example: Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday

has temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: temporal part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
example: Your life has temporal part the first year of your life

location of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b location of c =Def c located in b
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

material basis of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has material basis
domain: material entity
range: disposition
definition: b material basis of c =Def c has material basis b
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

member part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: continuant part of
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: b member part of c =Def b is an object & c is a material entity & there is some time t such that b continuant part of c at t & there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, ..., xn (for some n ≠ 1) with b = xi (for some 1 <= i <= n)
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
example: Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match

temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
example: Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game

temporally projects onto
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: spatiotemporal region
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
example: The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle

located in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b located in c =Def b is an independent continuant & c is an independent & neither is a spatial region & there is some time t such that the spatial region which b occupies at t is continuant part of the spatial region which c occupies at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

continuant part of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has continuant part
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b continuant part of c =Def b and c are continuants & there is some time t such that b and c exist at t & b continuant part of c at t
example: Milk teeth continuant part of human; surgically removed tumour continuant part of organism
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

has continuant part
type: ObjectProperty
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b has continuant part c =Def c continuant part of b
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

environs
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
alternative label: contains process
definition: b environs c =Def c occurs in b
example: Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic

history of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has history
type: FunctionalProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: history
range: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
example: This life is the history of this organism

has history
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: history
definition: b has history c =Def c history of b
example: This organism has history this life

specifically depended on by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: specifically depends on
domain: Class
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
range: specifically dependent continuant
alternative label: s-depended on by
definition: b specifically depended on by c =Def c specifically depends on b
example: Coloured object specifically depended on by colour

specifically depends on
type: ObjectProperty
domain: specifically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
alternative label: s-depends on
definition: (Elucidation) specifically depends on is a relation between a specifically dependent continuant b and specifically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region c such that b and c share no parts in common & b is of a nature such that at all times t it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c
example: A shape specifically depends on the shaped object; hue, saturation and brightness of a colour sample specifically depends on each other
scope note: The analogue of specifically depends on for occurrents is has participant.

bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: specifically depended on by
inverse of: inheres in
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: specifically dependent continuant
definition: b bearer of c =Def c inheres in b
example: A patch of ink is the bearer of a colour quality; an organism is the bearer of a temperature quality

inheres in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: specifically depends on
domain: specifically dependent continuant
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b inheres in c =Def b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b specifically depends on c
example: A shape inheres in a shaped object; a mass inheres in a material entity

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: temporal region
definition: p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
example: The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945

occupies spatiotemporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
example: A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory

occupies spatial region
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: spatial region
definition: b occupies spatial region r =Def b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & r is a spatial region & there is some time t such that every continuant part of b occupies some continuant part of r at t and no continuant part of b occupies any spatial region that is not a continuant part of r at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

spatially projects onto
type: ObjectProperty
domain: spatiotemporal region
range: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) spatially projects onto is a relation between some spatiotemporal region b and spatial region c such that at some time t, c is the spatial extent of b at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

has material basis
type: ObjectProperty
domain: disposition
range: material entity
definition: b has material basis c =Def b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer of b & there is some time t such that c is a continuant part of d at t & d has disposition b because c is a continuant part of d at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

first instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has first instant
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
definition: t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
example: An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday

has first instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
example: The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31

last instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has last instant
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
definition: t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
example: Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday

has last instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
example: The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31

is about
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is subject of
domain: information content entity
IAO_0000112: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
Has Curation Status: pending final vetting
IAO_0000115: A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
IAO_0000116: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
Term Editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
Definition Source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: denoted by
domain: information content entity
range: entity
IAO_0000112: A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
IAO_0000115: A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
IAO_0000116: 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
Term Editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
Definition Source: Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan

is quality measurement of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: is quality measured as
domain: measurement datum
range: quality
IAO_0000115: m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
IAO_0000116: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
IAO_0000116: From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
IAO_0000116: From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
IAO_0000116: From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input.
IAO_0000116: This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.
Term Editor: Alan Ruttenberg

denoted by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: information content entity
IAO_0000115: inverse of the relation 'denotes'
Term Editor: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Mike Conlon
IAO_0000233: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/206

is quality measured as
type: ObjectProperty
Has Curation Status: metadata complete
IAO_0000115: inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
IAO_0000116: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship
Term Editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

is subject of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of 'is about'.

has process characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: process characteristic
definition: A relation between a process and a process characteristic that depends on it.

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
definition: relation from a process to someone or something physical or digital (continuant) that is a necessary precondition for the process to start

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
definition: relation from a process to someone or something physical or digital (continuant) that participates in the process such that it is generated or modified during the process, and that it exists at the end of the process

has measurement unit label
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part
Imported From: iao.owl
definition: An object property that specifies a relationship between a continuant entity and a measurement unit label that describes the unit associated with one of its quantitative attributes. As a sub-property of "has continuant part", this property indicates that the measurement unit label is an integral and persistent part of the entity, providing a standardized reference for interpreting its measured values.
example: In essence, if an object 𝑋 has a measurement unit label 𝑌, then 𝑌 is an essential and persistent part of 𝑋 that specifies the standard or metric used to measure one of its properties.

complies with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
domain: independent continuant
range: information content entity
label: entspricht @de
definition: complies with is a relation between an independent continuant and an information content entity (e.g., specification or objective) that it conforms to.

in response to
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: responds with
definition: inverse of responds with

responds with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: realizable entity
range: responding process
definition: The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.

stimulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has realization
range: stimulating process
definition: inverse of stimulates

stimulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: realizes
domain: stimulating process
range: behavioral material property
definition: A relation between a stimulating process and material property, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the material property and participates in the stimulating process, and the material property comes to be realized in the course of the stimulating process.

consists of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part
definition: A continuant part property that relates Material Entity Aggregates in the direction of smaller length-scale.
example: A portion of steel consists of a portion of carbon and a portion of iron.

interacts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: A relation between participants of a process indicating that some of the participants SDCs are affected during the process due to the interaction of the participants.

causally influences
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interacts with
domain: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: stimulus role
range: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: stimulation target role
definition: An entity (that is bearer of some stimulation role) causally influences another entity (that is bearer of the stimulation target role) in a process iff the target objects qualites (and/or realizable entities?) are altered in a manner that is significant in the given context/domain of discourse..

intensive bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
property chain axiom: consists of
property chain axiom: bearer of
comment: TODO: check if we should force the 'o' to be a portion of matter' through: http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/Submissions:N-Ary_Relation_Pattern_%28OWL_2%29 or https://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-n-aryRelations/
definition: Intensive bearer of is a chain that allows to connect objects to intensive properties through "the matter they consist of".
example: This piece of metal intensive bearer of some temperature.

integral bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
domain: Class
  union of: object aggregate
  union of: object
range: specifically dependent continuant
definition: Integral bearer of is a property chain linking an object or object aggregate O that consits of a portion of matter PM to a SDC Q that inheres in 'portions of matter' only: O -consists of-> PM -bearer of-> Q
example: Talking colloquially about Intensive thermodynamic properties of an object requires this property.

has value specification
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part
Definition Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001938
definition: A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.

specifies value of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
Definition Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001927
definition: A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.

starts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
Definition Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002224
definition: X starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

ends with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
Definition Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002230
definition: X ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

simultaneous with
type: ObjectProperty
Definition Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002082
definition: X simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time.

has value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: information content entity
definition: data property that relates an information content entity to a literal

entity
type: Class
BFO_0000179: entity
BFO_0000180: Entity
IAO_0000112: Julius Caesar
IAO_0000112: Verdi’s Requiem
IAO_0000112: the Second World War
IAO_0000112: your body mass index
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
IAO_0000116: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
IAO_0000600: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
definition: (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
example: Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem

Axiom
annotated source: entity
annotated property: IAO_0000116
annotated target: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000004
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: entity
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/001-001

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: continuant
disjoint with: occurrent
BFO_0000179: continuant
BFO_0000180: Continuant
IAO_0000115: An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
IAO_0000116: Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
IAO_0000600: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
IAO_0000601: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
IAO_0000601: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
IAO_0000601: if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
example: A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000116
annotated target: Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000007

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/008-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/126-001

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/009-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/011-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/009-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/126-001

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/008-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/011-002

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
definition: (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
example: As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: independent continuant
disjoint with: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
BFO_0000179: ic
BFO_0000180: IndependentContinuant
IAO_0000112: a chair
IAO_0000112: a heart
IAO_0000112: a leg
IAO_0000112: a molecule
IAO_0000112: a spatial region
IAO_0000112: an atom
IAO_0000112: an orchestra.
IAO_0000112: an organism
IAO_0000112: the bottom right portion of a human torso
IAO_0000112: the interior of your mouth
IAO_0000115: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
IAO_0000601: For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
IAO_0000601: For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
IAO_0000602: (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
comment: A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
definition: b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
example: An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
example: As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
example: As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region

two-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: Class
    union of: two-dimensional spatial region
    union of: zero-dimensional spatial region
    union of: one-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space

spatiotemporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
example: The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite
scope note: 'Spacetime' here refers to the maximal instance of the universal spatiotemporal region.

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: process
alternative label: event
definition: (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
example: An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role
BFO_0000179: disposition
BFO_0000180: Disposition
IAO_0000112: an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
IAO_0000112: certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
IAO_0000112: children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
IAO_0000112: the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
IAO_0000600: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
IAO_0000601: If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
alternative label: internally-grounded realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
example: An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/062-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/063-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/063-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/062-002

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: quality
BFO_0000179: realizable
BFO_0000180: RealizableEntity
IAO_0000112: the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
IAO_0000112: the disposition of your blood to coagulate
IAO_0000112: the function of your reproductive organs
IAO_0000112: the role of being a doctor
IAO_0000112: the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
IAO_0000115: A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
IAO_0000600: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
IAO_0000601: All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
definition: (Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
example: The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/058-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/060-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/060-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/058-002

zero-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: zero-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
example: The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
BFO_0000179: quality
BFO_0000180: Quality
IAO_0000112: the ambient temperature of this portion of air
IAO_0000112: the color of a tomato
IAO_0000112: the length of the circumference of your waist
IAO_0000112: the mass of this piece of gold.
IAO_0000112: the shape of your nose
IAO_0000112: the shape of your nostril
IAO_0000600: a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
IAO_0000601: If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
definition: (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
example: The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/055-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/105-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/055-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/105-001

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
BFO_0000179: sdc
BFO_0000180: SpecificallyDependentContinuant
IAO_0000112: Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
IAO_0000112: of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
IAO_0000112: of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
IAO_0000112: the disposition of this fish to decay
IAO_0000112: the function of this heart: to pump blood
IAO_0000112: the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
IAO_0000112: the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
IAO_0000112: the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
IAO_0000112: the role of being a doctor
IAO_0000112: the shape of this hole.
IAO_0000112: the smell of this portion of mozzarella
IAO_0000115: b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
IAO_0000115: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
IAO_0000116: Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
Imported From: pato.owl
IAO_0000602: (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
IAO_0000602: (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
comment: A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
example: (with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
example: (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/131-004

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000116
annotated target: Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000005
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/131-004

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
BFO_0000179: role
BFO_0000180: Role
IAO_0000112: John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
IAO_0000112: the priest role
IAO_0000112: the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
IAO_0000112: the role of a building in serving as a military target
IAO_0000112: the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
IAO_0000112: the role of subject in a clinical trial
IAO_0000112: the student role
IAO_0000115: A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
IAO_0000600: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
alternative label: externally-grounded realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
example: The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target

Axiom
annotated source: role
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/061-001

Axiom
annotated source: role
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/061-001

fiat object part
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
example: The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body

one-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: Class
    union of: zero-dimensional spatial region
    union of: one-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts
example: An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
example: The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank
scope note: 'Exactly' means that there are no parts of the object aggregate other than its member parts.
scope note: The unit can, at certain times, consist of exactly one object, for example, when a wolf litter loses all but one of its pups, but it must at some time have a plurality of member parts.

three-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time

site
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: site
    union of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: Class
    union of: site
    union of: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatial region
  all values from: three-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
example: A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
example: An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube
scope note: A description of three primary sorts of causal unity is provided in Basic Formal Ontology 2.0. Specification and User Guide

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
BFO_0000179: gdc
BFO_0000180: GenericallyDependentContinuant
IAO_0000112: The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
IAO_0000112: the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
IAO_0000112: the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
IAO_0000115: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
IAO_0000602: (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
comment: A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
alternative label: g-dependent continuant
definition: (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
example: The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint

Axiom
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

Axiom
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
BFO_0000179: function
BFO_0000180: Function
IAO_0000112: the function of a hammer to drive in nails
IAO_0000112: the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
IAO_0000112: the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
IAO_0000600: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
definition: (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
example: The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity

Axiom
annotated source: function
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/064-001

Axiom
annotated source: function
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/064-001

process boundary
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
definition: p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
example: The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life

one-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: Class
    union of: one-dimensional temporal region
    union of: zero-dimensional temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: one-dimensional temporal region
disjoint with: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
example: The temporal region during which a process occurs

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: Class
    union of: site
    union of: material entity
    union of: continuant fiat boundary
disjoint with: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
example: A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings

continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: location of
  all values from: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
definition: b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site

fiat line
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: Class
    union of: fiat line
    union of: fiat point
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous
example: The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin

relational quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
example: A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another

fiat surface
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected
example: The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant

fiat point
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: fiat point
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point
example: The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system

zero-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
example: A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident

history
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: (Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity
example: The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence

temporal interval
type: Class
subclass of: one-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
example: The year 2018.
scope note: A one-dimensional temporal region can include as parts not only temporal intervals but also temporal instants separated from other parts by gaps.

temporal instant
type: Class
subclass of: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
example: The millennium

metalloid atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
IAO_0000115: An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:137980
in subset: 3 STAR

iron atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.
has alternative id: CHEBI:13322
has alternative id: CHEBI:24872
has alternative id: CHEBI:5974
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:18248
in subset: 3 STAR

manganese atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A manganese group element atom that has formula Mn.
has alternative id: CHEBI:13382
has alternative id: CHEBI:25153
has alternative id: CHEBI:6681
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:18291
in subset: 3 STAR

flerovium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A carbon group element atom with a symbol Fl and atomic number 114.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:194531
in subset: 3 STAR

nihonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A boron group element atom with a symbol Nh and atomic number 113.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:194533
in subset: 3 STAR

moscovium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A pnictogen atom with a symbol Mc and atomic number 115.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:194535
in subset: 3 STAR

livermorium atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
IAO_0000115: A chalcogen atom with a symbol Lv and atomic number 116.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:194537
in subset: 3 STAR

tennessine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A halogen atom with a symbol Ts and atomic number 117.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:194539
in subset: 3 STAR

oganesson atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A p-block element atom with a symbol Og and atomic number 118.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:194541
in subset: 3 STAR

bromine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A halogen that has formula Br.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:22927
in subset: 3 STAR

cadmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A zinc group element atom that has formula Cd.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:22977
in subset: 3 STAR

calcium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkaline earth metal atom that has formula Ca.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:22984
in subset: 3 STAR

chlorine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A halogen that has formula Cl.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:23116
in subset: 3 STAR

molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
IAO_0000115: Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:23367
in subset: 3 STAR

fluorine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A halogen that has formula F.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:24061
in subset: 3 STAR

chemical entity
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
IAO_0000115: A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:24431
in subset: 3 STAR

group
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
IAO_0000115: A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:24433
in subset: 3 STAR

iodine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: Chemical element with atomic number 53.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:24859
in subset: 3 STAR

lead atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A carbon group element atom that has formula Pb.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:25016
in subset: 3 STAR

magnesium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkaline earth metal atom that has formula Mg.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:25107
in subset: 3 STAR

mercury atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A zinc group element atom that has formula Hg.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:25195
in subset: 3 STAR

nitrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A pnictogen that has formula N.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:25555
in subset: 3 STAR

nonmetal atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:25585
in subset: 3 STAR

oxygen atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A chalcogen that has formula O.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:25805
in subset: 3 STAR

potassium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkali metal atom that has formula K.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:26216
in subset: 3 STAR

sodium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkali metal atom that has formula Na.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:26708
in subset: 3 STAR

sulfur atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A chalcogen that has formula S.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:26833
in subset: 3 STAR

tin atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A carbon group element atom that has formula Sn.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27007
in subset: 3 STAR

uranium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula U.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27214
in subset: 3 STAR

zinc atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A zinc group element atom that has formula Zn.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27363
in subset: 3 STAR

boron atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A boron group element atom that has formula B.
has alternative id: CHEBI:22915
has alternative id: CHEBI:3152
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27560
in subset: 3 STAR

arsenic atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
IAO_0000115: A pnictogen that has formula As.
has alternative id: CHEBI:22630
has alternative id: CHEBI:2845
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27563
in subset: 3 STAR

selenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A chalcogen that has formula Se.
has alternative id: CHEBI:26627
has alternative id: CHEBI:9091
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27568
in subset: 3 STAR

silicon atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A carbon group element atom that has formula Si.
has alternative id: CHEBI:26676
has alternative id: CHEBI:9140
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27573
in subset: 3 STAR

carbon atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A carbon group element atom that has formula C.
has alternative id: CHEBI:23009
has alternative id: CHEBI:3399
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27594
in subset: 3 STAR

cobalt atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.
has alternative id: CHEBI:23335
has alternative id: CHEBI:3788
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27638
in subset: 3 STAR

vanadium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A vanadium group element atom that has formula V.
has alternative id: CHEBI:27274
has alternative id: CHEBI:9930
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27698
in subset: 3 STAR

tungsten
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A chromium group element atom that has formula W.
has alternative id: CHEBI:27170
has alternative id: CHEBI:9779
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:27998
in subset: 3 STAR

chromium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.
has alternative id: CHEBI:23235
has alternative id: CHEBI:3678
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:28073
in subset: 3 STAR

nickel atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.
has alternative id: CHEBI:25515
has alternative id: CHEBI:7552
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:28112
in subset: 3 STAR

phosphorus atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A pnictogen that has formula P.
has alternative id: CHEBI:26080
has alternative id: CHEBI:8168
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:28659
in subset: 3 STAR

molybdenum atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A chromium group element atom that has formula Mo.
has alternative id: CHEBI:25369
has alternative id: CHEBI:49750
has alternative id: CHEBI:6968
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:28685
in subset: 3 STAR

copper atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A copper group element atom that has formula Cu.
has alternative id: CHEBI:23376
has alternative id: CHEBI:3874
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:28694
in subset: 3 STAR

aluminium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A boron group element atom that has formula Al.
has alternative id: CHEBI:22471
has alternative id: CHEBI:2616
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:28984
in subset: 3 STAR

gold atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A copper group element atom that has formula Au.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:29287
in subset: 3 STAR

ethylene group
type: Class
subclass of: group
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:29362
in subset: 3 STAR

lithium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkali metal atom that has formula Li.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30145
in subset: 3 STAR

helium atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A s-block element atom that has formula He.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30217
in subset: 3 STAR

astatine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A halogen that has formula At.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30415
in subset: 3 STAR

indium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30430
in subset: 3 STAR

thallium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30440
in subset: 3 STAR

germanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A carbon group element atom that has formula Ge.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30441
in subset: 3 STAR

tellurium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
IAO_0000115: A chalcogen that has formula Te.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30452
in subset: 3 STAR

beryllium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30501
in subset: 3 STAR

silver atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A copper group element atom that has formula Ag.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30512
in subset: 3 STAR

antimony atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
IAO_0000115: A pnictogen that has formula Sb.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30513
in subset: 3 STAR

caesium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkali metal atom that has formula Cs.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30514
in subset: 3 STAR

ruthenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An iron group element atom that has formula Ru.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30682
in subset: 3 STAR

osmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An iron group element atom that has formula Os.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:30687
in subset: 3 STAR

barium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkaline earth metal atom that has formula Ba.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:32594
in subset: 3 STAR

europium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Eu.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:32999
in subset: 3 STAR

atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
IAO_0000115: A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
has alternative id: CHEBI:22671
has alternative id: CHEBI:23907
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33250
in subset: 3 STAR

bismuth atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A pnictogen that has formula Bi.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33301
in subset: 3 STAR

neon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A noble gas atom that has formula Ne.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33310
in subset: 3 STAR

polonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33313
in subset: 3 STAR

radon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A noble gas atom that has formula Rn.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33314
in subset: 3 STAR

lanthanoid atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33319
in subset: 3 STAR

rubidium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkali metal atom that has formula Rb.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33322
in subset: 3 STAR

francium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkali metal atom that has formula Fr.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33323
in subset: 3 STAR

strontium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkaline earth metal atom that has formula Sr.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33324
in subset: 3 STAR

radium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An alkaline earth metal atom that has formula Ra.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33325
in subset: 3 STAR

scandium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A rare earth metal atom that has formula Sc.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33330
in subset: 3 STAR

yttrium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A rare earth metal atom that has formula Y.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33331
in subset: 3 STAR

actinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A scandium group element atom that has formula Ac.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33337
in subset: 3 STAR

titanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A titanium group element atom that has formula Ti.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33341
in subset: 3 STAR

zirconium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A titanium group element atom that has formula Zr.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33342
in subset: 3 STAR

hafnium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A titanium group element atom that has formula Hf.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33343
in subset: 3 STAR

niobium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A vanadium group element atom that has formula Nb.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33344
in subset: 3 STAR

rutherfordium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A titanium group element atom that has formula Rf.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33346
in subset: 3 STAR

tantalum atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A vanadium group element atom that has formula Ta.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33348
in subset: 3 STAR

dubnium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33349
in subset: 3 STAR

seaborgium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33351
in subset: 3 STAR

technetium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A manganese group element atom that has formula Tc.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33353
in subset: 3 STAR

bohrium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33355
in subset: 3 STAR

hassium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33357
in subset: 3 STAR

rhodium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33359
in subset: 3 STAR

meitnerium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33361
in subset: 3 STAR

palladium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33363
in subset: 3 STAR

platinum
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A nickel group element atom that has formula Pt.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33364
in subset: 3 STAR

darmstadtium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A nickel group element atom that has formula Ds.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33367
in subset: 3 STAR

roentgenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33368
in subset: 3 STAR

cerium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Ce.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33369
in subset: 3 STAR

neodymium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Nd.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33372
in subset: 3 STAR

promethium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Pm.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33373
in subset: 3 STAR

samarium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Sm.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33374
in subset: 3 STAR

gadolinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Gd.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33375
in subset: 3 STAR

terbium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Tb.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33376
in subset: 3 STAR

dysprosium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Dy.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33377
in subset: 3 STAR

erbium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Er.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33379
in subset: 3 STAR

thulium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Tm.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33380
in subset: 3 STAR

ytterbium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Yb.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33381
in subset: 3 STAR

lutetium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A d-block element atom that has formula Lu.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33382
in subset: 3 STAR

thorium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Th.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33385
in subset: 3 STAR

protactinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Pa.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33386
in subset: 3 STAR

neptunium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Np.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33387
in subset: 3 STAR

plutonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Pu.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33388
in subset: 3 STAR

americium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Am.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33389
in subset: 3 STAR

curium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Cm.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33390
in subset: 3 STAR

berkelium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Bk.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33391
in subset: 3 STAR

californium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Cf.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33392
in subset: 3 STAR

einsteinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Es.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33393
in subset: 3 STAR

fermium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Fm.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33394
in subset: 3 STAR

mendelevium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula Md.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33395
in subset: 3 STAR

nobelium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An actinoid atom that has formula No.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33396
in subset: 3 STAR

lawrencium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A d-block element atom that has formula Lr.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33397
in subset: 3 STAR

copernicium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010.
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33517
in subset: 3 STAR

metal atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
IAO_0000115: An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
has alternative id: CHEBI:25217
has alternative id: CHEBI:6788
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:33521
in subset: 3 STAR

argon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A noble gas atom that has formula Ar.
has alternative id: CHEBI:33311
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:49475
in subset: 3 STAR

gallium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.
has alternative id: CHEBI:33326
has alternative id: CHEBI:49630
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:49631
in subset: 3 STAR

hydrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A s-block element atom that has formula H.
has alternative id: CHEBI:24634
has alternative id: CHEBI:49636
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:49637
in subset: 3 STAR

holmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Ho.
has alternative id: CHEBI:33378
has alternative id: CHEBI:49647
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:49648
in subset: 3 STAR

iridium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A cobalt group element atom that has formula Ir.
has alternative id: CHEBI:33360
has alternative id: CHEBI:49665
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:49666
in subset: 3 STAR

krypton atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A noble gas atom that has formula Kr.
has alternative id: CHEBI:33312
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:49696
in subset: 3 STAR

praseodymium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom
IAO_0000115: A lanthanoid atom that has formula Pr.
has alternative id: CHEBI:33370
has alternative id: CHEBI:49827
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:49828
in subset: 3 STAR

rhenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A manganese group element atom that has formula Re.
has alternative id: CHEBI:33354
has alternative id: CHEBI:49879
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:49882
in subset: 3 STAR

xenon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: A noble gas atom that has formula Xe.
has alternative id: CHEBI:32305
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:49957
in subset: 3 STAR

objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
IAO_0000111: objective specification
IAO_0000112: In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
Has Curation Status: ready for release
IAO_0000115: A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
IAO_0000116: 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
IAO_0000116: 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
IAO_0000116: Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
Term Editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
Term Editor: PERSON: Barry Smith
Term Editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
Term Editor: PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
IAO_0000118: goal specification
Definition Source: OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
Definition Source: OBI_0000217

action specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
IAO_0000112: Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
Has Curation Status: ready for release
IAO_0000115: A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
Term Editor: Alan Ruttenberg
Definition Source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
IAO_0000111: data item
IAO_0000112: Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
Has Curation Status: pending final vetting
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
IAO_0000116: 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
IAO_0000116: 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
IAO_0000116: 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
IAO_0000116: JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
IAO_0000116: 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
Term Editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
Term Editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
Term Editor: PERSON: Jonathan Rees
IAO_0000118: data

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity
IAO_0000111: information content entity
IAO_0000112: Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
Has Curation Status: ready for release
IAO_0000115: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
IAO_0000116: 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
IAO_0000116: information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
Term Editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
Definition Source: OBI_0000142
Imported From: iao.owl
Imported From: ogms.owl

directive information entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: realizable entity
Has Curation Status: ready for release
IAO_0000115: An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
IAO_0000116: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
IAO_0000116: 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
IAO_0000116: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
IAO_0000116: Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
Term Editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
Term Editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters

curation status specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: example to be eventually removed
  one of: metadata complete
  one of: organizational term
  one of: ready for release
  one of: metadata incomplete
  one of: uncurated
  one of: pending final vetting
  one of: to be replaced with external ontology term
  one of: requires discussion
subclass of: data about an ontology part
IAO_0000111: curation status specification
Has Curation Status: pending final vetting
IAO_0000115: The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
IAO_0000116: Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
Term Editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
Definition Source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
Definition Source: OBI_0000266

data about an ontology part
type: Class
subclass of: data item
IAO_0000111: data about an ontology part
IAO_0000115: Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
Term Editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
IAO_0000111: measurement datum
IAO_0000112: Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
Has Curation Status: pending final vetting
IAO_0000115: A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
IAO_0000116: 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
Term Editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
Definition Source: OBI_0000305
Definition Source: group:OBI

obsolescence reason specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: failed exploratory term
  one of: placeholder removed
  one of: terms merged
  one of: term imported
  one of: term split
  one of: out of scope
subclass of: data about an ontology part
IAO_0000111: obsolescence reason specification
Has Curation Status: pending final vetting
IAO_0000115: The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
IAO_0000116: The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology.
Term Editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
Term Editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

denotator type
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: universal
  one of: defined class
  one of: named class expression
subclass of: data about an ontology part
IAO_0000111: denotator type
IAO_0000112: The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities.
IAO_0000115: A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
Term Editor: Alan Ruttenberg
Definition Source: Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters

mechanical function
type: Class
subclass of: function
IAO_0000111: mechanical function
IAO_0000115: A mechanical function is a function that is realised via mechanical work (through an certain amount of energy transferred by some force).
Term Editor: Bill Bug
Term Editor: Daniel Schober
Term Editor: Frank Gibson
Term Editor: Melanie Courtot
Definition Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_work

categorical value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
IAO_0000111: categorical value specification
IAO_0000115: A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
Term Editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters

value specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
IAO_0000111: value specification
IAO_0000112: The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
IAO_0000116: This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.
Term Editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters

material
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a Manufacturing Process may be SemiFinishedProdcuts.
comment: The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type.
label: Material @de
alternative label: Portion of Material
definition: A Material is a Portion Of Matter that may participate in some Manifacturing Process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the Manifacuring Process.

portion of matter
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
comment: It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
comment: Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries."
definition: A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.

engineered material
type: Class
subclass of: material
comment: We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
definition: An Engineered Material is a Material that is output of a Manufacturing Process.

plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  some values from: action specification
Imported From: IAO_0000104
definition: A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.

behavioral material property
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: inheres in
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material entity
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: participates in
        some values from: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: participates in
        some values from: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: responds with
    some values from: responding process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: stimulated by
    some values from: stimulating process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  all values from: material
comment: Technical materials are complex object aggregates. The properties that are determined for those object aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, the behavoiral material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property.
definition: A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) We only deal with intensive (system-size independent) materrial properties. Extensive properties that depend on the testpiece/specimen/probe size should be found in the respective testing method modules.

process characteristic
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
IAO_0000116: an attribute of a process
definition: A process characteristic is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.

plan
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process.

identifier
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.

scalar value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has measurement unit label
  some values from: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has measurement unit label
  cardinality: 1
Imported From: OBI_0001931
definition: A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label

scalar measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: measurement datum
Imported From: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000032
definition: A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.

simulation entity role
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has realization
    some values from: simulation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: simulation process
definition: Simulation entity role is a role that inheres in an independent continuant (IC) and is realized in a simulation process. This role enables the IC to participate in the simulation as a proxy, model, or representative of a real or hypothetical entity within the simulated context

melting process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has input
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: melt
label: Schmelzprozess @de
definition: A melting process is a thermally induced process during which a solid material undergoes a phase transition into a liquid state. It involves the absorption of heat and occurs at or above the material's melting point.
definition: Ein Schmelzvorgang ist ein thermisch induzierter Prozess, bei dem ein festes Material einen Phasenübergang in einen flüssigen Zustand erfährt. Er beinhaltet die Absorption von Wärme und findet bei oder oberhalb des Schmelzpunkts des Materials statt. @de
example: The process of melting aluminum ingots in preparation for extrusion.

heating function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Heizfunktion @de
definition: A heating function is a (realizable) function that, when realized, enables a system or device to increase the thermal energy of a material, typically to reach temperatures required for processing, transformation, or reaction.
definition: Eine Heizfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die ein System oder Gerät in die Lage versetzt, die Wärmeenergie eines Materials zu erhöhen, um die für die Verarbeitung, Umwandlung oder Reaktion erforderlichen Temperaturen zu erreichen. @de
example: The function of a resistance heater in a vacuum furnace.

cooling function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Kühlfunktion @de
definition: A cooling function is a (realizable) function that, when realized, enables a system or device to lower the temperature of a material, often to control solidification or maintain a stable state below a desired thermal threshold.
definition: Eine Kühlfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die es einem System oder Gerät ermöglicht, die Temperatur eines Materials zu senken, häufig um die Erstarrung zu steuern oder einen stabilen Zustand unterhalb eines gewünschten thermischen Schwellenwerts aufrechtzuerhalten. @de
example: The function of a water-cooled mold to solidify molten metal in casting.

melting furnace
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: furnace
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: melting function
comment: An electric arc furnace used in steelmaking.
label: Schmelzofen @de
definition: A melting furnace is a device that bears a melting function, typically designed to raise the temperature of a solid material to initiate and sustain its transformation into a melt.
definition: Ein Schmelzofen ist ein Gerät, das eine Schmelzfunktion hat und in der Regel dazu dient, die Temperatur eines festen Materials zu erhöhen, um seine Umwandlung in eine Schmelze einzuleiten und aufrechtzuerhalten. @de

melting function
type: Class
subclass of: heating function
label: Schmelzfunktion @de
definition: A melting function is a heating function that, when realized, enables a device or system to initiate or sustain the phase transition of a solid material into a liquid by raising its temperature above the melting point.
definition: Eine Schmelzfunktion ist eine Heizfunktion, die es einem Gerät oder System ermöglicht, den Phasenübergang eines festen Materials in eine Flüssigkeit einzuleiten oder aufrechtzuerhalten, indem seine Temperatur über den Schmelzpunkt angehoben wird. @de
example: The function of an induction coil in a furnace to heat metal until it melts.

1D
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: 1-D is an information content entity representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis.

2D
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: A two-dimensional information content entity is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena.

ASTM Grainsize
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The ASTM grain size is a scalar specifically describing the size of grains in a crystalline material as defined by ASTM standards.

ab initio molecular dynamics simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ab Initio MD Simulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses quantum mechanical calculations to predict the behavior of molecular systems without empirical parameters.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der quantenmechanische Berechnungen verwendet, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme ohne empirische Parameter vorherzusagen. @de
example: Simulating the electronic structure and dynamics of a new alloy to predict its mechanical properties.

accoustic absorption coefficient
type: Class
subclass of: accoustic property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: emission of accoustic wave
definition: The accoustic absorption coefficient is an accoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area.

accoustic property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of accoustic wave
definition: An accoustic property is a mechanical property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission.

acoustical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Akustische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay, that measures the acoustic properties of materials by analyzing how sound waves interact with the material. This process involves generating sound waves and observing their reflection, transmission, absorption, or scattering to determine properties such as acoustic impedance, absorption coefficient, and sound speed.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die akustischen Eigenschaften von Materialien misst, indem es analysiert, wie Schallwellen mit dem Material interagieren. Dieser Prozess umfasst die Erzeugung von Schallwellen und die Beobachtung ihrer Reflexion, Übertragung, Absorption oder Streuung, um Eigenschaften wie akustische Impedanz, Absorptionskoeffizient und Schallgeschwindigkeit zu bestimmen. @de
example: For example, acoustic emission testing (AET) is used to monitor the release of energy from a material under stress, which can indicate the onset of failure or the presence of defects.

additive manufacturing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Additive Fertigungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for manufacturing objects layer by layer through additive processes such as 3D printing.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Herstellung von Objekten Schicht für Schicht durch additive Verfahren wie 3D-Druck. @de

adhesion testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Adhäsionsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the strength of adhesion between two bonded surfaces, assessing the quality of adhesive joints.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Stärke der Haftung zwischen zwei verklebten Oberflächen misst und die Qualität der Klebeverbindungen bewertet. @de
example: Adhesion testing of epoxy bonds in composite materials to ensure structural integrity in aircraft components.

adjustment device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
IAO_0000112: A screwdriver used to adjust a grub screw.
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Einstellungsgeräterolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is used to adjust another device (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole). The role is realized in an adjustment process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes, das zum Einstellen eines anderen Gerätes (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole) verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. @de

age
type: Class
subclass of: quality
disjoint with: half-life
deprecated: true
definition: The age is a quality denoting the temporal interval since a material entity came into existance. TODO: should move to "process characteristic"

aggregate state
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: aggregate state value
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: aggregate state value
definition: The aggregate state is a morphological quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gas.

aging process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Alterungsprozess @de
definition: Das Aging oder Auslagern ist ein Anlassvorgang, der den Martensit (Härtungsgefüge) wieder duktil und verformbar macht. Dabei wird ein Agingvorgang genutzt, nämlich die Bildung von Ausscheidungen in Form von FeXCY - Carbiden @de
definition: The process of hardening an alloy by a method that causes a constituent to precipitate from solid solution.
example: The Process of austenitizing and quenching a steel alloy to achieve a martensitic microstructure for hardness increase.

application of accoustic wave
type: Class
subclass of: application of mechanical load
definition: An application of (an) acoustic wave is an application of (a) mechanical load describing the use of sound waves in a material or system for testing or functional purposes.

application of elastic impact
type: Class
subclass of: application of mechanical load
definition: An application of (an) elastic impact represents an application of (a) mechanical load describing the process of applying a force or impact to a material to observe its elastic response.

application of electric field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An application of (an) electric field is the process of subjecting a material to an electric field to observe its behavior or modify its properties.

application of heat flux
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An application of heat flux describes the process of transferring thermal energy to or from a material, often used in thermal property measurements.

application of magnetic field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An application of (a) magnetic field is the process of subjecting a material to a magnetic field to study its magnetic properties or induce magnetization.

application of mechanical load
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An application of mechanical load is the process of applying force or stress to a material to observe its response or measure its properties.

application of substance
type: Class
subclass of: process
Definition Source: Application Of Substance
definition: The application of (a) substance is the process of applying a material or substance to a surface or within a system.

assembling process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Assemblierungsprozess @de
definition: A process to mount or demount a component.

atomic force microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Atomkraftmikroskop @de
definition: An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a Measuring Device that maps the surface topography of materials at the nanoscale by scanning it with a mechanical probe.
definition: Ein Atomkraftmikroskop (AFM) ist ein Messgerät, das die Oberflächentopographie von Materialien im Nanobereich durch Abtasten mit einer mechanischen Sonde kartiert. @de

atomic structure
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: The atomic structure is a material structure that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties.

atomistic monte carlo simulation
type: Class
subclass of: monte carlo simulation
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Atomistische Monte Carlo Simulation @de
definition: A Monte Carlo Simulation process that focuses on the atomic scale, where the properties and behaviors of materials are modeled by considering individual atoms and their interactions.
definition: Ein Monte Carlo Simulationsprozess, der sich auf die atomare Skala konzentriert, bei dem die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Materialien durch die Betrachtung einzelner Atome und ihrer Wechselwirkungen modelliert werden. @de
example: Simulating the behavior of electrons in a new alloy to predict its electrical conductivity.

bandsaw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Bandsäge @de
definition: A band saw is a type of saw that uses a continuous, endless saw blade in the form of a band. This blade is usually a narrow, flexible steel blade with teeth along one edge. The band saw is mounted in a closed loop and is guided by two wheels, at least one of which is driven. The operation of the band saw enables precise and efficient cuts to be made in a variety of materials, including wood, metal and plastic.
definition: Eine Bandsäge ist eine Art von Säge, die ein kontinuierliches, endloses Sägeblatt in Form eines Bands verwendet. Dieses Sägeblatt ist in der Regel eine schmale, flexible Stahlklinge mit Zähnen entlang einer Kante. Die Bandsäge ist in eine geschlossene Schleife montiert und wird über zwei Räder geführt, von denen mindestens eines angetrieben wird. Die Funktionsweise der Bandsäge ermöglicht präzise und effiziente Schnitte in unterschiedlichen Materialien, einschließlich Holz, Metall und Kunststoff. @de

bending testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Biegeversuchmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the bending strength and flexibility of materials by applying a load and measuring deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Biegefestigkeit und Flexibilität von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Last und Messung der Verformung. @de

bending testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Biegeprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the resistance of a material to bending forces, determining its flexural strength and stiffness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Biegekräfte misst und seine Biegefestigkeit und Steifigkeit bestimmt. @de
example: Testing the flexural strength of a plastic beam to ensure it can withstand the required load in an engineering application.

biocompatibility analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: biological property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Analyseverfahren der Biokompatibilität @de
definition: A Biological Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the compatibility of a material with living tissues to ensure it does not provoke an adverse biological response.
definition: An example of a biocompatibility analyzing process is an in vitro cell culture test, where cells are cultured in the presence of the implant material to observe any cytotoxic effects, such as changes in cell morphology, proliferation rate, or cell viability.
definition: Ein Biologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verträglichkeit eines Materials mit lebenden Geweben bewertet, um sicherzustellen, dass es keine nachteilige biologische Reaktion hervorruft. @de

biological property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Biologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that examines the interaction of materials with biological systems, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, toxicity, and the effects of materials on living organisms and cells.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die Wechselwirkung von Materialien mit biologischen Systemen untersucht, einschließlich Biokompatibilität, Abbaubarkeit, Toxizität und der Auswirkungen von Materialien auf lebende Organismen und Zellen. @de

blank role
type: Class
subclass of: role
Definition Source: “Blank.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blank. Accessed 25 Nov. 2022.
label: Rohling-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object, which is realized in a preparation process
example: Some portion of material, which to be made into something by a further operation.

boiling point
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary
definition: The boiling point is a phase boundary described by the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas under standard atmospheric pressure.

Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506
type: Class
subclass of: brinell hardness
definition: A Brinell Hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf.

brinell hardness
type: Class
subclass of: indentation hardness
definition: The Brinell hardness is a scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load.

bulk
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
disjoint with: surface layer (fiat object part)
definition: The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.

bulk modulus
type: Class
subclass of: elastic modulus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression.

burning
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Brennen @de
alternative label: Firing
definition: A changing the properties of material process that involves burning typically refers to the application of high heat, often resulting in combustion or thermal degradation, to alter the physical or chemical properties of a material, leading to changes like hardening, alteration in chemical composition, or reduction in mass,
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, der das Brennen beinhaltet, bezieht sich in der Regel auf die Anwendung großer Hitze, die oft zu einer Verbrennung oder thermischen Zersetzung führt, um die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials zu verändern, was zu Veränderungen wie Härtung, Änderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung oder Verringerung der Masse führt, @de
example: Firing in Pottery

cnc machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: CNC-Maschine @de
definition: A CNC Machine is a Forming Machine that uses computer numerical control to precisely control machining tools for cutting, drilling, milling, and other tasks.
definition: Eine CNC-Maschine ist eine Formmaschine, die zur präzisen Steuerung von Bearbeitungswerkzeugen für Schneid-, Bohr-, Fräs- und andere Aufgaben computergestützte numerische Steuerung verwendet. @de

cnc welding machine
type: Class
subclass of: cnc machine
subclass of: welding device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: CNC-Schweißmaschine @de
definition: A CNC Welding Machine is a Device that performs welding operations controlled by a computer numerical control system.
definition: Eine CNC-Schweißmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Schweißoperationen durch ein computergesteuertes System ausführt. @de

calibration device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Kalibrierungsgeräterolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Geräts, das zum Kalibirieren sich selbst oder eines anderen Gerätes, das die "Subject Of Calibration Role" inne hat, verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de

caliper
type: Class
subclass of: device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Definition Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caliper
label: Messschieber @de
definition: A measuring device having two usually adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used especially to measure the dimensions of objects, such as diameters or thicknesses
definition: Messgerät mit zwei in der Regel verstellbaren Armen, Schenkeln oder Klemmbacken, das vor allem zur Messung der Abmessungen von Gegenständen, wie z. B. des Durchmessers oder der Dicke, verwendet wird @de

ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
IAO_0000116: Classified by morphology.
definition: Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications.

change of aggregate state
type: Class
subclass of: change of phase
definition: A change of aggregate state is a phase transition (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in a material, such as melting or condensation.

change of phase
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A change of phase is a process describing the transition of a material from one state of matter to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas.

change of temperature
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A change of temperature is a process describing the variation in thermal energy within a material or system over time or due to external influences.

changing properties of material
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition @de
label: Stoffeigenschaft Ändern @de
alternative label: Changing Of Material Properties
alternative label: Property Alteration
definition: A manufacturing process that modifies the characteristics of the material from which a workpiece is made, including by processes at the submicroscopic or atomic scale, such as atomic diffusion, dislocation formation and movement in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, whereby the resulting shape changes are not characteristic of these processes.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der die Merkmale des Materials, aus dem ein Werkstück gefertigt ist, modifiziert, was unter anderem durch Vorgänge im submikroskopischen oder atomaren Bereich erfolgt, wie etwa durch Atomdiffusion, die Versetzungsentstehung und -bewegung im Atomgitter oder durch chemische Reaktionen, wobei die dabei auftretenden Formveränderungen nicht charakteristisch für diese Verfahren sind. @de
example: Heat Treatment

chemical composition
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The chemical composition is a morphological quality describing the types and proportions of elements or compounds present in a material.

chemical composition analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Analyseverfahren für die chemische Zusammensetzung @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that determines the chemical composition of a material by identifying and quantifying its constituent elements and compounds.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die chemische Zusammensetzung eines Materials bestimmt, indem es dessen Bestandteile und Verbindungen identifiziert und quantifiziert. @de

chemical potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: The chemical potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.

chemical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Chemische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that determines the chemical composition, reactivity, and chemical stability of materials, including the identification and quantification of chemical elements and compounds.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die chemische Zusammensetzung, Reaktivität und chemische Stabilität von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich der Identifizierung und Quantifizierung chemischer Elemente und Verbindungen. @de

chromatography function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Chromatographiefunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Verbindungen in einer Mischung basierend auf ihrer Verteilung zwischen einer stationären Phase und einer mobilen Phase zu trennen. @de

chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Chromatographieverfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that enables the separation and analysis of compounds in a mixture by their distribution between a mobile and a stationary phase.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gemisch durch ihre Verteilung zwischen einer mobilen und einer stationären Phase ermöglicht. @de

chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating mixtures into individual components using a chromatographic column and a mobile phase.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Gemischen in einzelne Komponenten unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule und einer mobilen Phase. @de

circular saw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Kreissäge @de
definition: Die Kreissäge ist eine elektrische oder motorisierte Säge, die durch ein rundes, kreisförmiges Sägeblatt angetrieben wird. Das Sägeblatt einer Kreissäge ist mit Zähnen entlang seines Randes ausgestattet, die dazu dienen, das Material zu schneiden, wenn es in die Säge eingespeist wird. Kreissägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und können für verschiedene Materialien wie Holz, Metall, Kunststoff und sogar Gestein verwendet werden, abhängig vom spezifischen Sägeblatt, das installiert ist. @de
definition: The circular saw is an electric or motorized saw that is powered by a round, circular saw blade. The blade of a circular saw is equipped with teeth along its edge that are used to cut the material as it is fed into the saw. Circular saws are versatile tools and can be used for different materials such as wood, metal, plastic and even rock, depending on the specific saw blade that is installed.

circular table saw
type: Class
subclass of: circular saw
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Tischkreissäge @de
definition: A stationary circular saw that is built into a table top. It is often used in workshops for precise wood cuts.
definition: Eine stationäre Kreissäge, die in eine Tischplatte eingebaut ist. Sie wird oft in Werkstätten für präzise Holzschnitte verwendet. @de

cleaning
type: Class
subclass of: separating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8592
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8592 @de
label: Reinigen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing unwanted material from a surface through cleaning methods, which may include processes like blasting, washing, or chemical cleaning.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem unerwünschtes Material von einer Oberfläche durch Reinigungsmethoden entfernt wird, die Verfahren wie Strahlen, Waschen oder chemische Reinigung umfassen können. @de
example: Chemical Cleaning, Mechanical Cleaning

cleaning device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Reinigungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for removing contaminants from materials or surfaces.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen von Materialien oder Oberflächen. @de

coarse grained simulation
type: Class
subclass of: multiscale simulation
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Coarse Grained Simulation @de
definition: Ein Multiskalensimulation Prozess, der das System vereinfacht, indem Atome oder Moleküle zu größeren Partikeln zusammengefasst werden, wodurch die Rechenkomplexität verringert wird und die Untersuchung größerer Systeme oder längerer Zeitskalen ermöglicht wird. @de
definition: multiscale simulation process that simplifies the system by grouping atoms or molecules into larger particles, thereby reducing computational complexity and allowing for the study of larger systems or longer time scales
example: In materials science, coarse-grained simulations are often used to study the mechanical properties of polymers. For instance, in the simulation of polymer chains, each segment of the chain might represent a group of several monomers, rather than modeling every single atom. This approach allows researchers to investigate the behavior of polymeric materials over larger scales and longer time periods, such as the viscoelastic properties of a polymer melt.

coating
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition @de
label: Beschichten @de
definition: A manufacturing process that aims to deposit a permanently adhering layer of a material without a form onto a workpiece, whereby the immediate state of the coating material directly before application is essential.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der darauf abzielt, eine dauerhaft haftende Schicht aus einem Material ohne Form auf ein Werkstück aufzubringen, wobei der unmittelbare Zustand des Beschichtungsmaterials direkt vor dem Auftragen entscheidend ist. @de
example: Chemical Vapour Deposition, Physical Vapour Deposition

coating application function
type: Class
subclass of: coating function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichtungsanwendungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of coating performed to apply a coating to a surface.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Beschichtung, die durchgeführt wird, um eine Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen. @de

coating by soldering
type: Class
subclass of: coating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichten Durch Löten @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating using soldering techniques.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Löten beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a protective solder layer on electronic circuit boards.

coating by welding
type: Class
subclass of: coating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichten Durch Schweissen @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating using welding techniques.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Schweißen beinhaltet. @de
example: Cladding a metal surface with a corrosion-resistant alloy using weld overlay.

coating device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichtungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for applying a coating or layer to materials to enhance their properties or appearance.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Auftragen einer Beschichtung oder Schicht auf Materialien zur Verbesserung ihrer Eigenschaften oder ihres Aussehens. @de

coating from the gaseous or vapour state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand @de
alternative label: Vakuumbeschichten @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a gaseous or vapor state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a thin film of material using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

coating from the granular or powdery state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Körnigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a granular or powdery state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Powder coating of metal parts.

coating from the ionized state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Ionisierten Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from an ionized state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Plasma spraying of ceramic coatings.

coating from the liquid state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a liquid state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Electroplating of metals.

coating from the plastic state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a plastic film through hot melt coating.

coating from the pulpy or pasty state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a pulpy or pasty state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Painting, a protective layer of plaster on walls.

coating function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Beschichtungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um eine Schicht oder Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen, um deren Eigenschaften oder Aussehen zu verbessern. @de

colorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Farbmessgerät @de
definition: A device used to measure the color of a sample, often used in quality control and material analysis.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Farbe einer Probe, häufig verwendet in der Qualitätskontrolle und Materialanalyse. @de

composite material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: consists of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: engineered material
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: consists of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: engineered material
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: A Composite Material is an Engineered Material that 'consists of' some Material that has a Matrix role and of some Material that has a Filler role.

compounding
type: Class
subclass of: joining
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-1
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-1 @de
label: Zusammensetzen @de
alternative label: Putting Together
definition: A joining process that involves assembling various components or sub-assemblies to form a complex unit, commonly used in manufacturing processes where multiple parts are put together to create a final product.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem verschiedene Komponenten oder Unterbaugruppen zu einer komplexen Einheit zusammengefügt werden. Es wird üblicherweise in Fertigungsprozessen verwendet, bei denen mehrere Teile zu einem Endprodukt zusammengefügt werden. @de
example: Interlocking, Layering

compounding machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Compoundiermaschine @de
definition: A device used for mixing or compounding materials to achieve desired properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Mischung oder Compoundierung von Materialien, um gewünschte Eigenschaften zu erreichen. @de

compression testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Druckprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the compressive strength of materials by applying a compressive force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Druckfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Druckkraft. @de

compression testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Druckprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Processs that determines a material's behavior under compressive forces, measuring its compressive strength and modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials unter Druckkräften bestimmt und seine Druckfestigkeit und seinen Druckmodul misst. @de
example: Compression testing of concrete samples to ensure they meet the required strength standards for construction.

computing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Computer @de
definition: A computing system that provides an execution environment for, e.g., simulation processes or prediction models. A computing system can be virtual (e.g., a container or virtual machine) or physical (e.g., a bare-metal servers), uses digital representations of objects as inputs and produces digital measurements, such as simulation results or predictions, as outputs.
definition: Ein Rechnersystem, das eine Ausführungsumgebung bspw. für Simulationsprozesse oder Vorhersagemodelle bereitstellt. Ein Rechenknoten kann virtuell (bspw. ein Container oder eine virtuelle Maschine) oder physisch (z. B. ein Bare-Metal-Server) ausgestaltet sein und verwendet in der Regel digitale Repräsentationen von Objekten als Eingaben und erzeugt digitale Messungen, wie z.B. Simulationsergebnisse oder Vorhersagen, als Ausgaben. @de

computing process
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: plan
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
IAO_0000116: The subclass trees of "Computing Process" are currently still proposals and serve as a working basis for the discussion round with the simulation/workflow domain experts.
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Datenverarbeitung @de
label: Rechenprozess @de
definition: A process that involves the systematic use of computational methods and tools to perform simulations, analyses, or data transformations to achieve specific scientific or engineering goals.
definition: Ein Prozess, der die systematische Verwendung von rechnerischen Methoden und Werkzeugen umfasst, um Simulationen, Analysen oder Datenumwandlungen durchzuführen, um spezifische wissenschaftliche oder technische Ziele zu erreichen. @de

conditioning process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Konditionierungsprozess @de
definition: Diese Aktivität beschreibt den Prozess und die Maßnahmen, die ergriffen werden, um einen materiellen Gegenstand auf vordefinierte Umgebungsbedingungen einzustellen. @de
definition: This activity describes the process of and the measures taken to set a tangible object to pre-defined environmental conditions.

continuous simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
definition: a simulation approach where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time.

corpuscular irradiation
type: Class
subclass of: irradiation process
definition: The corpuscular irradiation is an irradiation describing the exposure of a material to streams of particles, such as electrons or ions.

crack growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress.

creep testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Kriechprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the creep behavior of materials under constant stress at high temperatures.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Kriechverhaltens von Materialien unter konstanter Belastung bei hohen Temperaturen. @de

creep testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Kriechprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates a material's deformation over time under constant stress and temperature, determining its creep behavior.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verformung eines Materials über die Zeit unter konstanter Belastung und Temperatur bewertet und sein Kriechverhalten bestimmt. @de
example: Creep testing of turbine blades to ensure they can withstand prolonged high temperatures without deforming.

cryogenic freezer
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Kryogefrierschrank @de
definition: A Cryogenic Freezer is a Temperature Change Device that preserves materials at extremely low temperatures, often below -150°C.
definition: A device used to preserve materials at extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°C.
definition: Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen zu konservieren, typischerweise unter -150°C. @de
definition: Ein Kryogefrierschrank ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen konserviert, oft unter -150°C. @de

crystal structure
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: bravais lattice (3d)
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: bravais lattice (3d)
definition: The crystal structure is a morphologic quality that describes the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystalline material. The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.

cut function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Trennen Funktion @de
alternative label: Schneidfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien mit Schneidgeräten zu trennen oder zu teilen. @de

deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: DL
label: Deep Learning @de
definition: A Simulation Process that employs artificial neural networks with many layers to model complex patterns in data.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der künstliche neuronale Netze mit vielen Schichten verwendet, um komplexe Muster in Daten zu modellieren. @de
example: Using deep learning to predict the formation of defects in crystalline materials.

defect density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The defect density is a morphological quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties.

deformation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material under the influence of stress or force.

density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.

department
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: department role
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: department role
label: Abteilung @de
definition: A sub section of an organization [FIXME]

department role
type: Class
subclass of: role
comment: This role is also an indication that an organization is a sub section of another organization.
definition: A department role is a role describing a personal function or position within an organization that defines responsibilities or activities in a specified context.

deteriorative property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of substance
definition: The deteriorative property is a material property representing characteristics that describe the susceptibility of a material to degradation over time.

deterministic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
definition: a simulation approach where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability.

device
type: Class
subclass of: object
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Gerät @de
definition: A physical or virtual entity used to perform a specific function or task, often involving measurement, manipulation, or analysis of materials.
definition: Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien. @de

device role
type: Class
subclass of: role
Term Editor: Role inhering in a device.
label: Rolle eines Gerätes @de
definition: Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann. @de

dielectric constant
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
disjoint with: electrical conductivity
definition: The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.

differential scanning calorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Differential-Scanning-Kalorimeter @de
definition: A device used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in a sample as a function of temperature.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Wärmeflusses, der mit Phasenübergängen in einer Probe in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur verbunden ist. @de

differential scanning calorimetry process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: DSC
label: Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the heat flow into or out of a material as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature, determining its thermal transitions such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Wärmestrom in oder aus einem Material misst, während es erhitzt, gekühlt oder bei konstanter Temperatur gehalten wird, um seine thermischen Übergänge wie Schmelzen, Kristallisation und Glasübergänge zu bestimmen. @de
example: Differential scanning calorimetry of a polymer to determine its melting temperature and crystallization behavior.

differential thermal analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: DTA
label: Differenzthermoanalyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are subjected to a controlled temperature program, identifying phase transitions and reactions.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial misst, während sie einem kontrollierten Temperaturprogramm unterzogen werden, um Phasenübergänge und Reaktionen zu identifizieren. @de
example: Differential thermal analysis of a ceramic material to identify its phase transition temperatures and reaction kinetics.

differential thermal analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Differentialthermometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are heated or cooled.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Temperaturunterschieds zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial beim Erhitzen oder Abkühlen. @de

dimension measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Dimensionierungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Abmessungen eines Objekts oder Materials zu bestimmen. @de

dimension measuring process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Dimensions Messprozess @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that determines the physical dimensions of a material or object, such as length, width, height, diameter, and thickness, with high accuracy and precision.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die physikalischen Dimensionen eines Materials oder Objekts, wie Länge, Breite, Höhe, Durchmesser und Dicke, mit hoher Genauigkeit und Präzision bestimmt. @de

disassembling
type: Class
subclass of: separating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8591
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8591 @de
label: Zerlegen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves disassembling a composite or assembled unit into its constituent parts or sections.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem eine zusammengesetzte oder montierte Einheit in ihre Einzelteile oder Abschnitte zerlegt wird. @de
example: Dismantling, Emptying

discrete-event simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
definition: a simulation method where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes.

dividing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8588
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8588 @de
label: Zerteilen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves separating material into distinct parts using techniques like shear cutting, splitting, tearing, or breaking, typically employed in processes where precise control over the cut is less critical.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem das Material durch Techniken wie Scherschneiden, Spalten, Reißen oder Brechen in verschiedene Teile zerlegt wird. Es wird in der Regel bei Prozessen eingesetzt, bei denen eine genaue Kontrolle über den Schnitt weniger wichtig ist. @de
example: Shearing, Cracking

drilling machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Bohrmaschine @de
definition: A Drilling Machine is a Device that creates holes in a workpiece by means of a rotating drill bit.
definition: Eine Bohrmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Löcher in ein Werkstück durch ein sich drehendes Bohrwerkzeug erzeugt. @de

dynamic mechanical analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: DMA
label: Dynamisch-mechanische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the mechanical properties of a material as a function of temperature, time, frequency, and stress, determining its viscoelastic behavior.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, welcher die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur, Zeit, Frequenz und Spannung misst und dessen viskoelastisches Verhalten bestimmt. @de
example: Dynamic mechanical analysis of a rubber compound to assess its stiffness and damping properties over a range of temperatures.

dynamic mechanical analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Dynamischer mechanischer Analysator @de
definition: A device used to measure the mechanical properties of materials as a function of temperature, frequency, and time.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien als Funktion von Temperatur, Frequenz und Zeit. @de

elastic modulus
type: Class
subclass of: stiffness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: An elastic modulus is a measure of a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.

electric potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: The electric potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.

electrical conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
definition: The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition.

electrical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of electric field
definition: An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity.

electrical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that determines the electrical properties of materials, including electrical conductivity, resistivity, dielectric strength, and electrical charge storage capabilities.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich elektrischer Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, dielektrischer Festigkeit und elektrischer Ladungsspeicherkapazitäten. @de

electron beam welding machine
type: Class
subclass of: welding device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine @de
definition: An Electron Beam Welding Machine is a Welding Device that uses a high-velocity electron beam to fuse materials together, typically in a vacuum environment.
definition: Eine Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine ist ein Schweißgerät, das einen hochgeschwindigen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um Materialien miteinander zu verschmelzen, typischerweise in einer Vakuumumgebung. @de

electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: “Electron microscope.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electron%20microscope. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
label: Elektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A device that uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of a sample's surface or structure.
definition: An electron-optical instrument in which a beam of electrons is used to produce an enlarged image of a minute object.
definition: Ein Gerät, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. @de

electron microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Elektronenmikroskopie @de
definition: A Microscopy Process that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of an object, allowing for high-resolution visualization of the material's surface and internal structures.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild eines Objekts zu erzeugen, wodurch eine hochauflösende Visualisierung der Oberfläche und der inneren Strukturen des Materials ermöglicht wird. @de
example: An example of an electron microscopy process is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which provides detailed images of the surface topography and composition of a material. Another example is Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which can visualize the internal structure of a sample at atomic resolution.

electron spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Elektronenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that studies the energy distribution of electrons emitted from a sample when it is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or bombarded with particles.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Energieverteilung von Elektronen untersucht, die aus einer Probe emittiert werden, wenn diese mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung bestrahlt oder mit Teilchen bombardiert wird. @de
example: Examples are e.g. Auger electron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary electron spectroscopy.

emission of accoustic wave
type: Class
subclass of: deformation
definition: The emission of (an) accoustic wave is a deformation describing the release of sound waves by a material or system, often due to vibration or stress.

emission of corpuscular radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system.

emission of radiation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.

emission of wave radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system.

empirical potential molecular dynamics simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Empirische Potential MD Simulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses empirical potentials derived from experimental data to model the behavior of molecular systems.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der empirische Potentiale verwendet, die aus experimentellen Daten abgeleitet sind, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme zu modellieren. @de
example: Simulating the diffusion of atoms in a crystal using Lennard-Jones potentials.

environmental chamber
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Umweltschrank @de
definition: A device used to simulate environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure to test materials and devices.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Simulation von Umweltbedingungen wie Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und Druck zur Prüfung von Materialien und Geräten. @de

evolution of damage
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.

extensometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Definition Source: “Extensometer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extensometer. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
definition: A device for measuring minute deformations of test specimens caused by tension, compression, bending, or twisting.

fatigue testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Materialermüdungsprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the fatigue resistance of materials by subjecting them to repeated stress cycles.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Ermüdungsresistenz von Materialien, indem diese wiederholten Belastungszyklen ausgesetzt werden. @de

fatigue testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ermüdungsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading, determining its fatigue life and endurance limit.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, zyklischen Belastungen standzuhalten, und seine Ermüdungslebensdauer und -grenze bestimmt. @de
example: Fatigue testing of metal components in bridges to predict their lifespan under repetitive loading conditions.

ferrous alloy
type: Class
subclass of: metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: consists of
  some values from: portion of iron
definition: A ferrous alloy is a metal describing an alloy containing iron as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.

filling
type: Class
subclass of: joining
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-2
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-2 @de
label: Füllen @de
definition: A joining process that involves the use of a filler material to connect parts.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial verwendet wird, um Teile zu verbinden. @de
example: Impregnating, Soaking

flow cytometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Durchflusszytometer @de
definition: A Flow Cytometer is a Device used to measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
definition: Ein Durchflusszytometer ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Zell- oder Partikelpopulation zu messen. @de

force measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Kraftmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the force applied to or by an object.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die auf ein Objekt ausgeübte oder von ihm ausgeübte Kraft zu bestimmen. @de

formation of notch or scratch
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties.

forming
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition @de
label: Umformen @de
alternative label: Shaping
definition: A manufacturing process that changes the shape of a solid body through plastic deformation while retaining both mass and structural integrity.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der durch plastische Umformung die Gestalt eines festen Körpers verändert, wobei sowohl die Masse als auch die strukturelle Integrität erhalten bleiben. @de
example: Tension Forming, Compression Forming

forming by bending
type: Class
subclass of: forming
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8586
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8586 @de
label: Biegeumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves bending materials, typically used in manipulating sheets, tubes, or profiles into curved shapes or angles, common in metalworking and fabrication industries.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, der das Biegen von Materialien beinhaltet und typischerweise bei der Bearbeitung von Blechen, Rohren oder Profilen zu gekrümmten Formen oder Winkeln eingesetzt wird, wie es in der Metallverarbeitung und in der verarbeitenden Industrie üblich ist. @de
example: Bending With Linear Die Movement, Bending With Rotary Die Movement

forming machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Formmaschine @de
definition: A device used for shaping materials under various conditions, including tensile, compressive, and shearing.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Formgebung von Materialien unter verschiedenen Bedingungen, einschließlich Zug-, Druck- und Scherbedingungen. @de

forming under compressive and tensile conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8584-1
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8584-1 @de
label: Zugdruckumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves applying both tensile and compressive forces to a material.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem sowohl Zug- als auch Druckkräfte auf ein Material ausgeübt werden. @de
example: Stripping, Deep Drawing, Spinning

forming under compressive conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8583-1
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8583-1 @de
label: Druckumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves deforming materials under compressive forces, commonly used in techniques like rolling and die forming where metal is shaped by applying pressure.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien unter Druck verformt werden. Er wird üblicherweise bei Techniken wie Walzen und Gesenkformen eingesetzt, bei denen Metall durch Druck in Form gebracht wird. @de
example: Rolling, Coining

forming under shearing conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8587
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8587 @de
label: Schubumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves displacement or twisting materials to achieve deformation, often used in operations where materials are shaped by applying torsional forces.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Werkstoffe durch Verschieben oder Verdrehen verformt werden. Es wird häufig bei Verfahren verwendet, bei denen Werkstoffe durch Anwendung von Torsionskräften geformt werden. @de
example: Twisting, Displacement

forming under tensile conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8585-1
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8585-1 @de
label: Zugumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves stretching or elongating materials to achieve desired dimensions or shapes.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien gestreckt oder gedehnt werden, um die gewünschten Abmessungen oder Formen zu erreichen. @de
example: Expanding, Stretch Forming

fracture toughness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Bruchzähigkeitsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's ability to resist crack propagation, determining its fracture toughness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, der Rissausbreitung zu widerstehen, und seine Bruchzähigkeit bestimmt. @de
example: Measuring the fracture toughness of ceramic materials used in aerospace components to ensure reliability under stress.

functional material
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: consists of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: bearer of
        some values from: function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: consists of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: object
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: bearer of
      some values from: function
IAO_0000116: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A Functional Material F is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.

furnace
type: Class
subclass of: device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Definition Source: “Furnace.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/furnace. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Ofen @de
definition: An enclosed structure in which heat is produced (as for heating a house or for reducing ore).
definition: Eine geschlossene Struktur, in der Wärme erzeugt wird (z. B. zum Heizen eines Hauses oder zum Einschmelzen von Erz). @de

gas chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Gaschromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates and analyzes compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition, using a gas as the mobile phase and a solid or liquid stationary phase.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Verbindungen trennt und analysiert, die ohne Zersetzung verdampft werden können, indem ein Gas als mobile Phase und eine feste oder flüssige stationäre Phase verwendet wird. @de
example: Gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of volatile organic compounds in a polymer matrix.

gas chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Gaschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture using a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

gel permeation chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates molecules based on their size by passing the sample through a porous gel matrix, also known as size exclusion chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Größe trennt, indem die Probe durch eine poröse Gelmatrix geleitet wird, auch bekannt als Größenausschlusschromatographie. @de
example: Gel permeation chromatography is used to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer sample.

gel permeation chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Gelpermeations-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing polymers based on their molecular size using gel permeation chromatography.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Polymeren basierend auf ihrer Molekülgröße durch Gelpermeationschromatographie. @de

generative deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Generatives Deep Learning @de
definition: A Deep Learning process that involves creating models capable of generating new data instances that resemble the training data.
definition: Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Modelle erstellt, die in der Lage sind, neue Dateninstanzen zu erzeugen, die den Trainingsdaten ähneln. @de
example: Using generative adversarial networks to design new molecular structures with desired properties, such as improved conductivity or strength.

glass
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
IAO_0000116: Classified by morphology.
comment: It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
definition: A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.

glueing
type: Class
subclass of: joining
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-8
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-8 @de
label: Kleben @de
alternative label: Bonding
definition: A joining process that involves using adhesives to bond materials together, suitable for a wide range of materials including metals, plastics, and composites, and used in various applications from automotive to aerospace.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem Klebstoffe verwendet werden, um Materialien miteinander zu verbinden. Es eignet sich für eine Vielzahl von Materialien, darunter Metalle, Kunststoffe und Verbundstoffe, und wird in verschiedenen Anwendungen von der Automobilindustrie bis zur Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt. @de
example: Bonding With Physically Hardening Adhesives, Bonding With Chemically Hardening Adhesives (Reaction Bonding)

crystal grain
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
label: Korn @de
definition: A crystal grain is a crystal that is continuant part of a polycrystal.

gravimetric analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Gravimetrischer Analysator @de
definition: A device used to measure the mass of a sample to determine its composition or concentration.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Masse einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung oder Konzentration. @de

gravimetrical analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Gravimetrisches Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that measures the quantity of a substance by its mass, often involving the precipitation, filtration, drying, and weighing of the substance.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Menge einer Substanz durch ihre Masse misst und dabei häufig die Fällung, Filtration, Trocknung und Wägung der Substanz umfasst. @de
example: An example of a Gravimetrical Analyzing Process is the determination of sulfate content in a sample by precipitating it as barium sulfate, filtering, drying, and weighing the precipitate.

grinding machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Schleifmaschine @de
definition: A Grinding Machine is a Forming Machine that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the surface of a workpiece, typically for finishing or precision work.
definition: Eine Schleifmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die ein Schleifrad verwendet, um Material von der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks zu entfernen, typischerweise für Feinarbeiten oder Präzisionsarbeiten. @de

grips
type: Class
subclass of: device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Definition Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grips
label: Halterungsklemmen @de
definition: Diese Gerät beschreibt ein Bauelement / Teil, mit dem etwas, normalerweise ein materielles Objekt, fest gegriffen oder eingespannt wird. Typischerweise sind Halterungen, Klemm- bzw. Spannsysteme Teil eines Befestigungssystems (Prozessknoten), das sich auf ein Prüfsystem bezieht. @de
definition: This device is a part by which something, usually a tangible object, is grasped. Typically, grips are part of a mounting system (processing node) referring to a testing system.

hacksaw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Bügelsäge @de
definition: A hacksaw is a hand saw designed for cutting various materials, particularly metal. It consists of a fine-toothed blade, tensioned in a frame, and a handle. The frame of a hacksaw is typically C-shaped, allowing the blade to be easily replaced when necessary. Hacksaws are commonly used in metalworking and other applications where a controlled and precise cut through metal is required. The fine teeth on the hacksaw blade enable it to cut through metal with efficiency, and the tensioned frame provides stability during the cutting process. Hacksaws are versatile tools and are often used for tasks such as cutting pipes, rods, and metal sheets. They are available in different sizes and tooth configurations to suit various cutting needs.
definition: Eine Bügelsäge ist eine Art Handsäge zum Schneiden verschiedener Materialien, insbesondere Metall. Sie besteht aus einem fein gezahnten Blatt, das in einem Rahmen gespannt ist, und einem Griff. Der Rahmen einer Bügelsäge ist in der Regel C-förmig, so dass das Blatt bei Bedarf leicht ausgewechselt werden kann. Bügelsägen werden häufig bei der Metallbearbeitung und anderen Anwendungen eingesetzt, bei denen ein kontrollierter und präziser Schnitt durch Metall erforderlich ist. Die feinen Zähne des Sägeblatts ermöglichen ein effizientes Schneiden durch Metall, und der gespannte Rahmen sorgt für Stabilität während des Schneidens. Bügelsägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und werden häufig für Aufgaben wie das Schneiden von Rohren, Stangen und Blechen verwendet. Sie sind in verschiedenen Größen und Zahnkonfigurationen erhältlich, um verschiedenen Schneidanforderungen gerecht zu werden. @de

half-life
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: The half-life is a temporal property describing the time required for a quantity to reduce to half its initial value, often applied to radioactive decay or material degradation.

hand held device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Handbetriebenes Geräterolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is operated or used manually.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes, das per Hand betrieben oder verwendet wird. @de

hand circular saw
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: circular saw
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: hand held device role
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Handkreissäge @de
definition: A handheld circular saw is a portable circular saw that is guided by hand. It is well suited for precise cuts in construction and woodwork.
definition: Die Handkreissäge is eine tragbare Kreissäge, die von Hand geführt wird. Sie eignet sich gut für präzise Schnitte bei Bau- und Holzarbeiten. @de

handsaw
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: saw
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: hand held device role
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Handsäge @de
definition: Die Handsäge ist eine manuell betriebene Säge, die dazu dient, verschiedene Materialien, insbesondere Holz, zu schneiden. Diese Art von Säge besteht typischerweise aus einem langen, dünnen Blatt mit Zähnen, das an einem Griff befestigt ist. Der Griff ermöglicht es dem Benutzer, die Säge von Hand zu führen und den Schnitt durch Vor- und Zurückbewegen des Blatts zu erzeugen. Handsägen sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen erhältlich, je nach der beabsichtigten Anwendung. Es gibt beispielsweise Handsägen für Holz, Metall oder Kunststoff, und sie können unterschiedliche Zahngeometrien und Blattlängen aufweisen, um optimal auf verschiedene Schneidanforderungen abgestimmt zu sein. @de
definition: The handsaw is a manually operated saw that is used to cut various materials, especially wood. This type of saw typically consists of a long, thin blade with teeth attached to a handle. The handle allows the user to guide the saw by hand and make the cut by moving the blade back and forth. Handsaws are available in different designs, depending on the intended application. For example, there are handsaws for wood, metal or plastic, and they can have different tooth geometries and blade lengths to best suit different cutting requirements. @de

hardening by forming
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Verfestigen Durch Umformen @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process, that involves altering material properties by mechanical deformation.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die Eigenschaften des Materials durch mechanische Verformung verändert. @de
example: Sheet Metal Rolling to Achieve Higher Strength.

hardness
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.

hardness tester
type: Class
subclass of: hardness testing machine
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Härteprüfgerät @de
definition: A Hardness Tester is a Hardness Testing Machine that measures the resistance of a material to deformation, typically by indentation.
definition: Ein Härteprüfgerät ist eine Härteprüfmaschine, die den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung, typischerweise durch Eindrücken, misst. @de

hardness testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Härteprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to measure the hardness of materials through various testing methods such as indentation or scratch tests.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Härte von Materialien durch verschiedene Prüfmethoden wie Eindrück- oder Kratzversuche. @de

hardness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Härteprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures a material's resistance to deformation, typically using indentation methods to determine hardness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung misst und typischerweise Eindringverfahren verwendet, um die Härte zu bestimmen. @de
example: Hardness testing of steel using the Rockwell method to classify its grade for industrial applications.

heat capacity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: change of temperature
disjoint with: thermal conductivity
definition: The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.

heat treatment
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Page 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Seite 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition @de
label: Wärmebehandlung @de
alternative label: Wärmebehandeln @de
definition: A Changing Properties of Materials process in which a solid (ferrous) product is fully or partially exposed to specific time-temperature sequences through a series of process steps with the aim of modifying its properties and/or its internal structure.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem durch eine Reihe von Verfahrensschritten ein festes (Eisen-)Produkt ganz oder teilweise bestimmten Zeit-Temperatur-Abfolgen ausgesetzt wird, mit dem Ziel, seine Eigenschaften und/oder seine innere Struktur zu modifizieren. @de
example: Annealing, Ageing, Hardening

heat treatment device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Wärmebehandlungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for treating materials through heating and cooling processes to alter their properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Behandlung von Materialien durch Erwärmungs- und Abkühlungsprozesse zur Veränderung ihrer Eigenschaften. @de

heat treatment function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Wärmebehandlungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien durch kontrollierte Wärme- und Abkühlungsprozesse zu verändern. @de

high-performance liquid chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a liquid sample using high pressure to pass the sample through a column packed with a stationary phase.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Komponenten in einer flüssigen Probe trennt, identifiziert und quantifiziert, indem hoher Druck verwendet wird, um die Probe durch eine mit einer stationären Phase gefüllte Säule zu leiten. @de
example: High-performance liquid chromatography is used to analyze the purity and concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in a formulation.

high throughput simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Hochdurchsatzsimulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that performs a large number of simulations automatically to explore a wide range of conditions.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der eine große Anzahl von Simulationen automatisch durchführt, um eine breite Palette von Bedingungen zu erkunden. @de
example: Screening thousands of potential material compounds to identify those with optimal properties for battery applications.

high performance liquid chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in liquid samples through high performance liquid chromatography.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung, Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in Flüssigkeitsproben durch Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie. @de

high temperature gas chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: gas chromatography system
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Hochtemperatur-Gaschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture at high temperatures using a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch bei hohen Temperaturen unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

hybrid simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
definition: a simulation approach that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior.

image
type: Class
subclass of: 2D
disjoint with: map
definition: An image is a 2-D information content entity that is a visual representation of a material or system, often used for analysis or documentation.

impact testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Schlagprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines a material's ability to absorb energy and withstand impact forces, typically using pendulum or drop-weight testers.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bestimmt, Energie zu absorbieren und Schlagkräfte zu widerstehen, typischerweise unter Verwendung von Pendel- oder Fallgewichtsprüfgeräten. @de
example: Impact testing of helmet materials to ensure they provide adequate protection against head injuries.

indentation hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness.

index of refraction
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
disjoint with: reflectivity
definition: The index of refraction is an optical property representing a measure of how much light bends when passing through a material, affecting its optical properties.

induction furnace
type: Class
subclass of: furnace
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Induktionsofen @de
definition: An Induction Furnace is a Furnace that heats materials using electromagnetic induction, generating heat directly within the material.
definition: Ein Induktionsofen ist ein Ofen, der Materialien durch elektromagnetische Induktion erhitzt, wobei die Wärme direkt im Material erzeugt wird. @de

initiator role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: An initiator role is a role describing the position or function responsible for starting or catalyzing a process, often related to material testing or experiments.

injection molding machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Spritzgießmaschine @de
definition: An Injection Molding Machine is a Device used to produce plastic parts by injecting molten plastic into molds under high pressure.
definition: Eine Spritzgießmaschine ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Kunststoffteile durch Einspritzen von geschmolzenem Kunststoff in Formen unter hohem Druck herzustellen. @de

ion exchange chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ionenaustauschchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge by using an ion exchange resin to attract and retain the ions from the sample.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Ionen und polare Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Ladung trennt, indem ein Ionenaustauscherharz verwendet wird, um die Ionen aus der Probe anzuziehen und zu halten. @de
example: Ion exchange chromatography is used to purify and separate proteins in a solution for material characterization.

ion exchange chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ionenaustausch-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating ions in a sample using ion exchange resins in a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Ionen in einer Probe unter Verwendung von Ionenaustauschharzen in einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

ion microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ionenmikroskop @de
definition: A device that uses ions to create high-resolution images of the surface or structure of a sample.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Ionen verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. @de

ion microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ionenmikroskopie @de
definition: A Microscopy Process that uses a focused beam of ions to image a specimen, providing high-resolution images and compositional information, often used for surface analysis and depth profiling.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen fokussierten Ionenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild einer Probe zu erzeugen, hochauflösende Bilder und Zusammensetzungsinformationen liefert und häufig für Oberflächenanalysen und Tiefenprofilierung verwendet wird. @de
example: An example of an ion microscopy process is Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), which offers high-resolution imaging with minimal sample damage, or Field Ion Microscopy, which provides atomic-level resolution imaging by using a strong electric field to ionize atoms at the surface of a sharp tip, or Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), which allows for high-precision material removal and imaging by using a focused beam of ions to mill the sample surface while simultaneously capturing detailed SEM images.

ion spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ionen-Spektrometer @de
definition: A device used for analyzing ions in a sample to determine their composition and concentration.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Analyse von Ionen in einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung und Konzentration. @de

ion spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ionenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that analyzes the properties and behavior of ions in a sample by measuring their interaction with electromagnetic fields or other ions.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Ionen in einer Probe analysiert, indem es ihre Wechselwirkung mit elektromagnetischen Feldern oder anderen Ionen misst. @de
example: Examples are e.g. ion mobility spectroscopy, ion-beam spectroscopy.

irradiating
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Bestrahlen @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process that employs radiation exposure, to alter and enhance a material's physical or chemical attributes.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials durch Bestrahlung verändert und verbessert werden. @de
example: Polymer Curing

irradiation process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An irradiation process is a process in which a radiation source (bearing a stimulus role) emits radiation towards a material entity (bearing the target role)

irradiation device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Irradiationsgerät @de
definition: A device used for exposing materials to radiation to induce changes in their properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Aussetzen von Materialien gegenüber Strahlung zur Induktion von Veränderungen ihrer Eigenschaften. @de

irradiation function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Irradiationsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien Strahlung auszusetzen, um deren Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de

joining
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0 @de
label: Fügen @de
definition: A manufacturing process that enables the continuous bonding or joining of two or more workpieces with a specific, fixed shape or of such workpieces with a shapeless material, whereby the cohesion is created at specific points and reinforced overall.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der das dauerhafte Verbinden oder das Zusammenfügen von zwei oder mehr Werkstücken mit spezifischer, fester Form oder von solchen Werkstücken mit einem formlosen Material ermöglicht, wobei der Zusammenhalt an spezifischen Stellen erzeugt und insgesamt verstärkt wird. @de
example: Joining By Welding, Assembling

joining by primary shaping
type: Class
subclass of: joining
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-4
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-4 @de
label: Fügen durch Urformen @de
alternative label: Joining By Master Forming
definition: A joining process that involves creating a part or component in its final shape from a liquid or semi-liquid material.
definition: Ein Fügeverfahren, bei dem ein Teil oder eine Komponente aus einem flüssigen oder halbflüssigen Material in seine endgültige Form gebracht wird. @de
example: Pouring, Embedding, Encasing

joining by shaping
type: Class
subclass of: joining
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-5
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-5 @de
label: Fügen Durch Umformen @de
alternative label: Joining By Forming
definition: A joining process that involves deforming one or more components to achieve a mechanical interlock or fit, commonly used for press-fit joints, crimping, or swaging.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem eine oder mehrere Komponenten verformt werden, um eine mechanische Verriegelung oder Passung zu erreichen, die üblicherweise für Pressverbindungen, Crimpen oder Schmieden verwendet wird. @de
example: Joining By Riveting, Joining By Forming Wire-Shaped Bodies

joining by soldering
type: Class
subclass of: joining
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-7
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-7 @de
label: Fügen Durch Löten @de
definition: A joining process that involves using a filler material (solder) to join metal parts by melting the solder between them without melting the base materials, a technique widely used in electronics and plumbing. This process creates a strong, conductive bond suitable for various applications.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial (Lot) verwendet wird, um Metallteile zu verbinden, indem das Lot zwischen ihnen geschmolzen wird, ohne die Grundmaterialien zu schmelzen. Diese Technik wird häufig in der Elektronik und im Sanitärbereich eingesetzt. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine starke, leitfähige Verbindung, die für verschiedene Anwendungen geeignet ist. @de
example: Joint Soft Soldering, Joint Hard Soldering

joining by welding
type: Class
subclass of: joining
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-6
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-6 @de
label: Fügen Durch Schweißen @de
definition: A joining process that involves fusing two or more metal parts by applying heat, pressure, or both, often with the addition of a filler material. This method creates a permanent and strong bond, essential in manufacturing and construction for durable structures and components.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem zwei oder mehr Metallteile durch Anwendung von Hitze, Druck oder beidem verschmolzen werden, oft unter Zugabe eines Füllstoffs. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine dauerhafte und starke Verbindung, die in der Fertigung und im Bauwesen für dauerhafte Strukturen und Komponenten unerlässlich ist. @de
example: Pressure Welding, Fusion Welding

joining device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Verbindungsgerät @de
definition: A general device used for joining materials through various methods, including welding and soldering.
definition: Ein allgemeines Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden, einschließlich Schweißen und Löten. @de

joining function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Verbindungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden wie Schweißen oder Löten zu verbinden. @de

knife
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: cut function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Messer @de
definition: A tool with a sharp edge, typically made of metal, used for cutting food, materials, or other substances.
definition: Ein Werkzeug mit einer scharfen Schneide, üblicherweise aus Metall, das zum Schneiden von Lebensmitteln, Materialien oder anderen Substanzen verwendet wird. @de

laboratory
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
subclass of: site
subclass of: Restriction
Definition Source: “Laboratory.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/laboratory. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
label: Labor @de
definition: A place equipped for experimental study in a science or for testing and analysis.

Axiom
annotated source: laboratory
annotated property: equivalentClass
annotated target: Restriction
term tracker annotation: issue: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/101

laboratory role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A laboratory role is a role specifying the functions or activities specific to experimental and analytical tasks performed in a laboratory setting.

laser spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Laserspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that uses laser light to probe the properties of materials.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das Laserlicht verwendet, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen. @de
example: Examples are e.g. laser absorption spectroscopy, laser emission spectroscopy, ultra-fast laser spectroscopy.

lasercutter
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: cut function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Laserschneider @de
definition: A device that utilizes laser beams to create precise cuts in various materials such as wood, plastic, metal, etc.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Laserstrahlen verwendet, um präzise Schnitte in verschiedenen Materialien wie Holz, Kunststoff, Metall usw. zu erzeugen. @de

lathe
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Drehmaschine @de
definition: A Lathe is a Device that rotates a workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation.
definition: Eine Drehmaschine ist ein Gerät, das ein Werkstück um seine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung durchzuführen. @de

light microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: optical microscopy
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Lichtmikroskopie @de
definition: An Optical Microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and visualize specimens, enabling the study of the microstructure and morphology of materials.
definition: Ein optisches Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um Proben zu vergrößern und zu visualisieren, wodurch die Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ermöglicht wird. @de
example: An example of a light microscopy process is Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, which uses laser light to scan specimens and create high-resolution, three-dimensional images. Another example is Fluorescence Microscopy, which uses fluorescent dyes to label specific components of the specimen, allowing for the visualization of structures that are otherwise difficult to see. A third example is Polarized Light Microscopy, which utilizes polarized light to enhance contrast in samples with birefringent properties, such as crystalline materials.

load cell
type: Class
subclass of: device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Definition Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_cell
label: Kraftmessdose @de
definition: A load cell converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can be measured and standardized. It is a force transducer. As the force applied to the load cell increases, the electrical signal changes proportionally. The most common types of load cell are pneumatic, hydraulic, and strain gauges.

machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: ML
label: Maschinelles Lernen @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses algorithms to enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der Algorithmen verwendet, um Computern das Lernen aus Daten und das Treffen von Vorhersagen zu ermöglichen. @de
example: Predicting the mechanical properties of composite materials based on their composition.

machining geometrically defined
type: Class
subclass of: separating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 @de
label: Spanen Mit Geometrisch Bestimmten Schneiden @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing material with a tool that has a defined shape and sharp edges, such as in sawing and drilling operations.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit einem Werkzeug mit definierter Form und scharfen Kanten entfernt wird, wie z. B. beim Sägen und Bohren. @de
example: Drilling, Turning

machining geometrically undefined
type: Class
subclass of: separating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 @de
label: Spanen Mit Geometrisch Unbestimmten Schneiden @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing material using tools with undefined cutting edges, such as grinding or abrasive machining, where the exact shape of the cutting part isn't clearly defined.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit Werkzeugen mit undefinierten Schneiden abgetragen wird, wie z. B. beim Schleifen oder bei der abrasiven Bearbeitung, bei der die genaue Form des zu schneidenden Teils nicht klar definiert ist. @de
example: Grinding, Blasting

magnetic property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of magnetic field
definition: A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity.

magnetizing
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/magnetisieren/
label: Magnetisieren @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process in which ferromagnetic materials are exposed to an external magnetic field, causing the material to take on magnetic properties.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem ferromagnetische Stoffe einem äußeren Magnetfeld ausgesetzt werden wodurch der Stoff magnetische Eigenschaften übernimmt. @de
example: Static Magnetization, Pulse Magnetization.

magnetizing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Magnetisierungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for inducing a magnetic field in materials to alter their magnetic properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Induktion eines Magnetfelds in Materialien, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de

magnetizing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Magnetisierungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um ein Magnetfeld in Materialien zu induzieren, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de

magneto electrical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Magnetische Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that investigates the magnetic and electrical properties of materials, including conductivity, resistivity, permittivity, permeability, and magnetization.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die magnetischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, Permittivität, Permeabilität und Magnetisierung. @de

manufacturer company
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: manufacturer role
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: manufacturer role
label: Hersteller @de
definition: Processing Node's manufacturer name, e.g.: "Ipsen", "UPC" or "Bosch"

manufacturer role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: The manufacturer role is a role that involves the production or fabrication of materials, components, or systems.

manufacturing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Fertigungsfunktion @de
definition: A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten oder Prozessen besteht, die zur Herstellung oder Montage von Waren oder Komponenten verwendet werden. @de

manufacturing process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has input
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: material entity
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: plan
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: material entity
label: Herstellungsprozess @de
definition: A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
definition: Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess. @de

map
type: Class
subclass of: 2D
definition: A map is a 2-D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions.

mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Massenspektrometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify compounds in a sample.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Massen-zu-Ladung-Verhältnisses von Ionen zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in einer Probe. @de

mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Massenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules in a sample.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das das Masse-zu-Ladung-Verhältnis von Ionen misst, um Moleküle in einer Probe zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. @de
example: Examples are e.g. time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, particle beam mass spectrometry.

matrix role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Matrix is the role of a PortionOfConnectedMatter that implies to host the Filler.

measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Messfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um das Ausmaß, die Menge oder den Zustand einer physikalischen Eigenschaft zu bestimmen. @de

mechanical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of mechanical load
definition: A mechanical property is a material property that inheres in a material M when an object O_target that consists of M is stimulated in a process through an interaction with an object O_stimulus and M changes its stress/strain/..(mechanical?) SDCs. TODO: Check general class axiom and defintion altogether !!!

mechanical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that evaluates the mechanical characteristics of materials, such as strength, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties, often through tests that measure response to forces and loads.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Festigkeit, Härte, Elastizität und Zugfestigkeit, oft durch Tests, die die Reaktion auf Kräfte und Lasten messen. @de

melting point
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary
definition: The melting point is a phase boundary described by the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid under standard atmospheric pressure.

metal
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has continuant part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: crystal
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: bearer of
        some values from: metallic bond
IAO_0000116: Classified by morphology.
definition: A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.

metallographic texture
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The metallographic texture is a morphological quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains and phases in a metallic material, observed through metallographic analysis.

micrometer gauge
type: Class
subclass of: device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Definition Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/micrometer%20caliper
label: Bügelmessschraube @de
definition: A measuring device for making precise measurements having a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw.
definition: Diese Entität beschreibt ein Werkzeug zur Durchführung präziser Messungen mit einer Spindel, die durch eine Feingewindeschraube bewegt wird. @de

microscope
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Mikroskop @de
definition: A device used to magnify and view small objects or details that are not visible to the naked eye.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Vergrößerung und Betrachtung kleiner Objekte oder Details, die mit bloßem Auge nicht sichtbar sind. @de

microscopy process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: Mikroskopie @de
label: Mikroskopie Verfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that uses various types of microscopy techniques to visualize and analyze the microstructure and morphology of materials at different scales.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das verschiedene Arten von Mikroskopietechniken verwendet, um die Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu visualisieren und zu analysieren. @de
example: Examples of Microscopy Processes include Electron Microscopy, which provides detailed images at high resolution; Ion Microscopy, which offers high-precision imaging and material milling capabilites; and Optical Microscopy, which uses visible light to study e.g. the microstructure of materials.

microstructure
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: The microstructure represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope.

microtome
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Mikrotom @de
definition: A Microtome is a Measuring Device that cuts extremely thin slices of material, often for examination under a microscope.
definition: A device used to cut extremely thin slices of material, often for microscopic examination.
definition: Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um extrem dünne Scheiben von Material zu schneiden, oft für mikroskopische Untersuchungen. @de
definition: Ein Mikrotom ist ein Messgerät, das extrem dünne Scheiben von Material schneidet, oft zur Untersuchung unter einem Mikroskop. @de

milling machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Fräsmaschine @de
definition: A Milling Machine is a Device that performs machining operations to remove material from a workpiece using rotary cutters.
definition: Eine Fräsmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Bearbeitungsoperationen durchführt, um Material von einem Werkstück mithilfe von Fräsern zu entfernen. @de

mohs hardness
type: Class
subclass of: scratch hardness
definition: Mohs Hardness is a scalar (scale) used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another.

monte carlo simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Monte Carlo Simulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses random sampling to solve physical and mathematical problems.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der zufällige Stichproben verwendet, um physikalische und mathematische Probleme zu lösen. @de
example: Predicting the diffusion behavior of atoms in a metal at high temperatures.

morphological property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
definition: A morphological property is a material property representing the characteristics of a material's structure, such as shape, size, and distribution of its features.

multimodal deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Multimodales Deep Learning @de
definition: A Deep Learning process that integrates and processes data from multiple modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio) to improve performance and gain a more comprehensive understanding.
definition: Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Daten aus mehreren Modalitäten (z.B. Text, Bilder und Audio) integriert und verarbeitet, um die Leistung zu verbessern und ein umfassenderes Verständnis zu erlangen. @de
example: Combining microscopy images and spectroscopic data to predict the properties of new materials more accurately.

multiscale simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Multiskalensimulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that integrates models at different scales to study a system's behavior.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der Modelle auf verschiedenen Skalen integriert, um das Verhalten eines Systems zu untersuchen. @de
example: Studying the interaction between microstructural and macroscopic properties in metallic alloys.

nanoindentation process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Nanoindentationsverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Processs that measures the hardness and elastic modulus of materials at the nanoscale using a sharp indenter.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Härte und den elastischen Modulus von Materialien im Nanomaßstab mittels eines scharfen Eindringkörpers misst. @de
example: Nanoindentation of thin films to evaluate their mechanical properties for use in microelectronic devices.

natural organic material
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.

occurence of chemical reaction
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.

occurence of electic field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The occurrence of (an) electric field is a process describing the presence or generation of an electric field in a material or system.

occurence of magnetic field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The occurrence of (a) magenetic field is a process describing the presence or generation of a magnetic field in a material or system.

operator role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: An operator role is a role indicating responsibility for operating equipment or systems, typically in a laboratory or manufacturing setting.

optical microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Optisches Mikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and view small objects or details.
definition: Ein Mikroskop, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um kleine Objekte oder Details zu vergrößern und zu betrachten. @de

optical microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um eine Probe zu vergrößern und abzubilden, und weit verbreitet zur Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ist. @de
label: Optische Mikroskopie @de
definition: A Microscopy Process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and image a specimen, widely used for examining the microstructure and morphology of materials.
example: An example is Light Microscopy.

optical profilometer
type: Class
subclass of: surface profilometer
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Optisches Profilometer @de
definition: An Optical Profilometer is a device that measures surface profiles and roughness by analyzing the interference patterns of light reflected from a specimen's surface.
definition: Ein optisches Profilometer ist ein Gerät, das Oberflächenprofile und Rauheit misst, indem es die Interferenzmuster von Licht analysiert, das von der Oberfläche eines Präparats reflektiert wird. @de

optical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: waver irradiation
definition: An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.

optical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Optische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that assesses the optical characteristics of materials, such as refractive index, absorption, transmission, reflectivity, and luminescence.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die optischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Brechungsindex, Absorption, Transmission, Reflexion und Lumineszenz. @de

organization
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
Definition Source: OEO_00030022
definition: An organization is an immaterial entity that has the organisation role and there exists some sort of legal framework that recognises the entity and its continued existence.
term tracker annotation: issue: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/101

passing of time
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: Passing of time is a process that describes the progression of time, which can influence material aging and property changes.

person
type: Class
subclass of: object
Has Curation Status: metadata incomplete
Imported From: http://openenergy-platform.org/ontology/oeo/oeo-import-edits.owl
definition: A person is a human being.

phase boundary
type: Class
subclass of: morphological property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: change of phase
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: change of temperature
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of heat flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of mechanical load
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of substance
definition: A phase boundary is a morphological property denoting the interface between two distinct phases of a material, such as solid-liquid or liquid-gas boundaries.

photochemical process
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Photochemische Verfahren @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process in which light, typically ultraviolet (UV) light is used to trigger chemical reactions. In the printing industry and some additive manufacturing methods, this light exposure is used to harden photoresists or cure inks and resins. The process relies on the specific wavelengths of light to initiate chemical changes in the material.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem Licht, in der Regel ultraviolettes (UV) Licht, zur Auslösung chemischer Reaktionen verwendet wird. In der Druckindustrie und bei einigen additiven Fertigungsverfahren wird diese Lichteinwirkung zur Härtung von Fotolacken oder zur Aushärtung von Tinten und Harzen verwendet. Das Verfahren beruht auf den spezifischen Wellenlängen des Lichts, um chemische Veränderungen im Material auszulösen. @de
example: Exposure

physical simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
definition: a simulating approach describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions.

pole figure
type: Class
subclass of: map
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: map
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: concretizes
    some values from: metallographic texture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: concretizes
  some values from: metallographic texture
definition: A pole figure is a map representing a graphical representation of the orientation of crystallographic planes in a polycrystalline sample.

polishing machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Poliermaschine @de
definition: A Polishing Machine is a Forming Machine that smooths the surface of a material by rubbing it with a tool, abrasive, or chemical.
definition: Eine Poliermaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die die Oberfläche eines Materials durch Reiben mit einem Werkzeug, Schleifmittel oder Chemikalien glättet. @de

polymer
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
IAO_0000116: Classified by morphology.
definition: A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.

pore growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: Pore Growth is an evolution of damagfe describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties.

connected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
example: the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body

disconnected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
example: a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital

powder
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggragate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted.

precision lathe
type: Class
subclass of: lathe
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Präzisionsdrehmaschine @de
definition: A Precision Lathe is a Lathe that rotates a workpiece about an axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation with extreme accuracy.
definition: Eine Präzisionsdrehmaschine ist eine Drehmaschine, die ein Werkstück um eine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung mit extremer Genauigkeit durchzuführen. @de

pressing on - in
type: Class
subclass of: joining
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-3
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-3 @de
label: Anpressen - Einpressen @de
definition: A joining process that involves mechanically pressing one component into or onto another to create a secure fit, thereby establishing a strong mechanical connection.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Bauteil mechanisch in oder auf ein anderes gepresst wird, um eine sichere Passung und damit eine feste mechanische Verbindung herzustellen. @de
example: Clamps, Brackets, Wedging

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
disjoint with: temperature
comment: The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
definition: The pressure is a thermodynamic quality describing the force exerted per unit area on a material.

pressure measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Druckmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um den Druck von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten zu bestimmen. @de

primary shaping
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition @de
label: Urformen @de
alternative label: Primary Forming
definition: A manufacturing process that creates a defined workpiece from shapeless material by producing cohesion, whereby the characteristic properties of the material become visible in the end product.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der aus formlosem Stoff durch das Herstellen von Kohäsion ein definiertes Werkstück schafft, wobei die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Materials im Endprodukt sichtbar werden. @de
example: Casting, Sintering

primary shaping by additive manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Urformen Durch Additive Fertigung @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials through additive manufacturing techniques.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch additive Fertigungstechniken beinhaltet. @de
example: 3D printing of polymer objects.

primary shaping by welding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Urformen Durch Schweissen @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials by welding.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch Schweißen beinhaltet. @de
example: Fabrication of steel structures using welding techniques.

primary shaping from the chip or fiber state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Urformen Aus Dem Spanförmigen Oder Faserförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a chip or fiber state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem span- oder faserförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Compression molding of wood chips into particle boards.

primary shaping from the gaseous or vapor state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Urformen Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a gaseous or vapor state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for thin film production.

primary shaping from the granular or powdered state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Urformen Aus Dem Körnerförmigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a granular or powdered state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Powder metallurgy for creating metal parts.

primary shaping from the ionized state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Urformen Aus DemIonisierten Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from an ionized state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Plasma arc welding.

primary shaping from the liquid state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Urformen Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a liquid state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Casting of molten metal into molds.

primary shaping from the plastic state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Urformen Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Thermoforming of plastic sheets.

primary shaping from the pulpy or pasty state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Urformen Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials through the transition from a pulpy or pasty state into a solid form.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch den Übergang aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand in eine feste Form beinhaltet. @de
example: Pottery

project
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: plan
label: Projekt @de
definition: A series of goal-orientated (intent) activities and interactions to achieve a specific outcome.
definition: Eine Reihe von zielorientierten (absichtlichen) Aktivitäten und Interaktionen, um ein bestimmtes Ergebnis zu erzielen. @de

rebound hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material.

reflectivity
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
definition: The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects.

reinforcement learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: RL
label: Reinforcement Learning @de
definition: A Deep Learning process that involves training models to make sequences of decisions by rewarding desired actions and punishing undesired ones.
definition: Ein Deep Learning Prozess, der Modelle darin trainiert, Abfolgen von Entscheidungen zu treffen, indem gewünschte Aktionen belohnt und unerwünschte bestraft werden. @de
example: Using RL to optimize the process parameters in additive manufacturing (3D printing) to achieve the desired material properties and reduce defects.

removing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8590
Definition Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8590 @de
label: Abtragen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing material through thermical, chemical and electrochemical methods.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material durch thermische, chemische und elektrochemische Methoden abgetragen wird. @de
example: Electrical Discharge Machining, Thermal Ablation

responding process
type: Class
subclass of: process
disjoint with: stimulating process
definition: The responding process is a process describing the reaction of a material or system to an applied stimulus.

rheological property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Rheologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines the flow and deformation behavior of materials under applied forces, including viscosity, elasticity, and plasticity, often through rheometry and viscometry techniques.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Deformationsverhalten von Materialien unter Einwirkung von Kräften bestimmt, einschließlich Viskosität, Elastizität und Plastizität, oft durch Rheometrie- und Viskosimetrie-Techniken. @de

rheometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Rheometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the flow and deformation properties of materials, particularly liquids and semi-solids.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Fließ- und Verformungseigenschaften von Materialien, insbesondere von Flüssigkeiten und Halbfeststoffen. @de

rheometry
type: Class
subclass of: rheological property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Rheometry @de
definition: A Rheological Property Analyzing Process that measures the flow and deformation behavior of materials, including complex fluids and soft solids, to provide comprehensive data on viscoelastic properties using rheometers.
definition: Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Verformungsverhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich komplexer Flüssigkeiten und weicher Feststoffe, um umfassende Daten zu viskoelastischen Eigenschaften unter Verwendung von Rheometern zu liefern. @de

sample role
type: Class
subclass of: role
IAO_0000111: Sample Role
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
IAO_0000116: ANMERKUNG: Ein Sample ist ein Teil (oder das Ganze) eines Probestücks. Das Probestück wird bei der Herstellung eines industriell verwendeten Produktes gezielt für die Überprüfung des Produkteigenschaften bereitgestellt. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
IAO_0000116: In certain cases, the sample can be the specimen or the test piece itself.
IAO_0000116: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) unmittelbar als Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probe dienen. @de
IAO_0000116: NOTE: A Sample is a part (or the whole) of a Sample product. The Sample product is specifically produced portion of an industrially used and traded product for the purpose of determining the properties/quality of the product. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
Term Editor: PERSON: Matthias Jung
Definition Source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Probe-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object, which is a quantity of material taken from a (sample) product, that is sufficient for the purpose of obtaining test pieces.
definition: Rolle eines Objektes, das eine von einem Probestück/Material entnommene Menge ist, welche (vom Umfang her) geeignet ist Proben (Test Pieces) herzustellen. @de

saw
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: cut function
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
definition: A saw is a device used to cut materials, especially wood. It usually consists of a thin, sharp metal blade fitted with teeth and a handle or frame that allows the user to guide the saw. There are different types of saws designed for different applications, including handsaws, circular saws, hacksaws and band saws. Each type of saw is designed for specific tasks and materials to enable efficient cutting.
definition: Eine Säge ist ein Gerät, das zum Zerteilen von Materialien, insbesondere von Holz, verwendet wird. Sie besteht in der Regel aus einem dünnen, scharfen Metallblatt, das mit Zähnen versehen ist, und einem Griff oder Rahmen, der es dem Benutzer ermöglicht, die Säge zu führen. Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Sägen, die für verschiedene Anwendungen konzipiert sind, darunter Handsägen, Kreissägen, Bügelsägen und Bandsägen. Jede Art von Säge ist auf bestimmte Aufgaben und Materialien abgestimmt, um effizientes Schneiden zu ermöglichen. @de
definition: Säge @de

scanning electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Rasterelektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is a Measuring Device that produces high-resolution images of a sample surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons.
definition: Ein Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) ist ein Messgerät, das hochauflösende Bilder einer Probenoberfläche erzeugt, indem es sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl abtastet. @de

pair of scissors
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: cut function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Schere @de
definition: A tool with two sharp blades that are brought together by pressure on the handles to cut paper, fabric, or other materials.
definition: Ein Werkzeug mit zwei scharfen Klingen, die durch Druck auf die Griffe zusammengeführt werden, um Papier, Stoff oder andere Materialien zu schneiden. @de

scratch hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
Definition Source: A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
definition: The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.

scratch testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Kratzprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the scratch resistance of materials by applying a scratching force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Kratzfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Kratzkraft. @de

scratch testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ritzhärteprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates a material's resistance to scratching, measuring hardness and adhesion properties.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Kratzer bewertet und seine Härte- und Haftungseigenschaften misst. @de
example: Scratch testing of a coated surface to determine the adhesion quality of the coating to the substrate.

separating
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: manufacturing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: cut function
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: cut function
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: Cutting
Definition Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition
label: Trennen @de
definition: A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Objekten aufgehoben wird, was zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Verringerung der Kohäsion führt. @de
example: Disassembling, Removal

shear testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Schubprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to measure the shear strength of materials by applying a shearing force and measuring deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Scherfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Schubkraft und Messung der Verformung. @de

shear testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Schubprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures a material's response to shear forces, determining its shear strength and shear modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Scherkräfte misst und seine Scherfestigkeit und seinen Schermodul bestimmt. @de
example: Shear testing of rivets to ensure they can hold structural components together under lateral loads.

simulation method specification
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
definition: A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions.

simulation device
type: Class
subclass of: computing device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Simulationsknoten @de
definition: A processing node that implements foo as well as consumes and creates simulation objects and parameters.

simulation process
type: Class
subclass of: computing process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Simulationsprozess @de
definition: A Computing Process that models the behavior of a system over time using mathematical or computational techniques.
definition: Ein Datenverarbeitungsprozess, der das Verhalten eines Systems im Laufe der Zeit mit mathematischen oder rechnerischen Techniken modelliert @de

sintering
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/sintern/
label: Sintern @de
definition: A changing properties of materials process in which granular and powdery materials, which have already been shaped in the first step, are mixed and combined and compacted by heating.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, bei dem körnige und pulverförmige Stoffe, welche im ersten Schritt bereits in Form gebracht wurden, vermischt und durch Erwärmung verbunden und verdichtet werden. @de
example: Metal Powder Sintering, Ceramic Sintering

sizing saw
type: Class
subclass of: circular saw
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Formatkreissäge @de
definition: A sizing saw is an industrial circular saw designed for large cutting formats in woodworking and furniture production.
definition: Eine Formatkreissäge ist eine industrielle Kreissäge, die für große Schnittformate in der Holzverarbeitung und Möbelherstellung ausgelegt ist. @de

slide
type: Class
subclass of: device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Schlitten @de
definition: A moving piece that is guided by a part along its path, providing the mount for objects.

soldering device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Lötgerät @de
definition: A device used for joining materials together by melting and applying a filler metal.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen und Auftragen eines Füllmetalls. @de

soldering function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Lötfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of joining performed to connect materials using soldering techniques.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Löttechniken zu verbinden. @de

spalling testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Abplatzprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the resistance of materials to spalling or flaking under various conditions.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Materialien gegenüber Abplatzungen oder Abblätterungen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen. @de

spalling testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Abplatzprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the resistance of a material to surface spalling or flaking under high impact or thermal stresses.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen Oberflächenabplatzungen oder Abblättern unter hohen Stoß- oder thermischen Belastungen bewertet. @de
example: Spalling testing of refractory bricks used in furnaces to ensure their longevity and performance under extreme conditions.

specific surface area
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The specific surface area is a morphologic quality describing the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.

specimen role
type: Class
subclass of: role
IAO_0000111: Specimen Role
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
IAO_0000116: ANMERKUNG: Ein Specimen ist ein Teilstück (potenziell alles) eines Samples, welches für die Herstellung von Test Pieces bearbeitet wurde, jedoch nicht zwingend das Test Piece selbst darstellt. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
IAO_0000116: In certain cases, the specimen can be the sample or the test piece itself.
IAO_0000116: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) unmittelbar als Prüfling (Specimen) oder der Prüfling (Specimen) unmittelbar als Probe (Test Piece) dienen. @de
IAO_0000116: NOTE: A Specimen is a part (potentially the whole) taken from a Sample, which was somehow machined/altered for the production of Test Pieces; it does not necessarily represent the Test Piece itself. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
Term Editor: PERSON: Matthias Jung
Definition Source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Prüfling-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object which has been taken from a sample by forming and/or machining and/or heat treatment for the pupose of producing test pieces.
definition: Rolle eines Objektes, das aus einem Probenabschnitt (Sample) entnommen wurde (durch Umformen und/oder maschinelles Bearbeiten und/oder Wärmebehandlung) mit dem Zweck Proben (Test Pieces) aus diesem Objekt herzustellen. @de

spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Spektrometer @de
definition: A Spectrometer is a Measuring Device that measures the properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically to analyze the composition of a material.
definition: Ein Spektrometer ist ein Messgerät, das die Eigenschaften von Licht über einen bestimmten Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums misst, typischerweise zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung eines Materials. @de

spectroscopy process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Spektroskopie Verfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that measures the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter to determine e.g. the composition, structure, and other properties of materials.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit Materie misst, um die Zusammensetzung, Struktur und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Materialien zu bestimmen. @de

spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
disjoint with: time series
definition: A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation.

speed of sound
type: Class
subclass of: accoustic property
definition: The speed of sound is an accoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties.

stiffness
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: deformation
disjoint with: strength
definition: The stiffness is a mechanical property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.

stimulating process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.

stochastic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
definition: a simulation approach that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes.

strength
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The strength is a mechanical property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.

structural and chemical decay
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions.

structural material
type: Class
subclass of: functional material
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: functional material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: consists of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: bearer of
        some values from: mechanical function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: consists of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: object
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: bearer of
      some values from: mechanical function
IAO_0000116: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A Structural Material S is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying.

structural optimization simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Strukturoptimierungssimulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that aims to find the most stable structure of a molecular system by minimizing its energy.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der darauf abzielt, die stabilste Struktur eines molekularen Systems durch Minimierung seiner Energie zu finden. @de
example: Optimizing the atomic structure of a catalyst to enhance its performance.

structural property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that examines the external and internal structure and morphology of materials, including the arrangement of atoms, crystals, grains, and phases, often using techniques like microscopy and diffraction.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die äußere und innere Struktur und Morphologie von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich der Anordnung von Atomen, Kristallen, Körnern und Phasen, oft unter Verwendung von Techniken wie Mikroskopie und Beugung. @de

subject of adjustment role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Einstellungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is being adjusted. The role is realized in an adjustment process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Einstellungsgegenstand), das eingestellt wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. @de

subject of calibration role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Kalibrierungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Kalibrierungsgegenstand), das kalibriert wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de

sublimation point
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary
definition: The sublimation point is a phase boundary that describes the temperature at which a material transitions directly from a solid to a gaseous state without passing through the liquid phase.

supercritical fluid chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Überkritische Fluidchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that utilizes a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase to separate components, offering higher speed and efficiency compared to traditional methods.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das ein überkritisches Fluid als mobile Phase verwendet, um Komponenten zu trennen, und im Vergleich zu traditionellen Methoden eine höhere Geschwindigkeit und Effizienz bietet. @de
example: Supercritical fluid chromatography is used to separate and analyze complex mixtures of polymers and plastics.

supercritical fluid chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Überkritisches Fluid-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing compounds using supercritical fluids as the mobile phase in chromatography.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen unter Verwendung von überkritischen Flüssigkeiten als mobile Phase in der Chromatographie. @de

supervised machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: machine learning
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: supervised learning @de
definition: A Machine Learning process that learns a function mapping from input data to labeled output data.
definition: Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der eine Funktion erlernt, die Eingabedaten auf beschriftete Ausgabedaten abbildet. @de
example: Training a model to predict the tensile strength of a material based on its composition and manufacturing process parameters. This involves using a dataset where the tensile strength is already known (labeled data) to train the model.

surface layer (fiat object part)
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
definition: A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process.
example: When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal.

surface profilometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Oberflächenprofilometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the surface profile and texture of materials.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Oberflächenprofils und der Textur von Materialien. @de

temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
comment: To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature.
definition: The temperature is a universal intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.

temperature change device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
label: Temperaturänderungswerkzeug @de
definition: A device that is used for the alteration and adjustment of the temperature of a tangible object or the environment, e.g., a furnace and cooling media.
definition: Diese Entität beschreibt allgemein jedes Werkzeug, das zur Änderung und Einstellung der Temperatur eines materiellen Objekts oder der Umgebung verwendet wird, z. B. einen Ofen und Kühlmittel. @de

temperature change function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Temperaturänderungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Wärmebehandlung, die durchgeführt wird, um Temperaturänderungen hervorzurufen, um die Materialeigenschaften zu verändern. @de

temperature measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Temperaturmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Temperatur eines Objekts oder einer Umgebung zu bestimmen. @de

temporal property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: passing of time
definition: A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process.

tensile testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Zugprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the tensile strength and elongation of materials by applying a stretching force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Dehnkraft.

tensile testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Zugprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines a material's response to tensile forces, measuring its tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Zugkräfte bestimmt und seine Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung und seinen Elastizitätsmodul misst. @de
example: Tensile testing of polymer films to ensure they can stretch without breaking in packaging applications

test piece role
type: Class
subclass of: role
IAO_0000111: Test Piece Role
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
IAO_0000116: ANMERKUNG: Ein Test Piece ist ein Teilstück (potenziell alles) eines Specimens, welches die Bedingungen erfüllt, die durch ein anzuwendendes Prüfverfahren gestellt werden. Ein Specimen erfüllt diese Anforderungen im Allgemeinen erst nach weiterer Bearbeitung. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
IAO_0000116: In certain cases, the test piece can be the sample or the specimen itself.
IAO_0000116: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) oder der Prüfling (Specimen) unmittelbar als Probe dienen. @de
IAO_0000116: NOTE: A Test Piece is a piece that is taken from a specimen (potentially the whole specimen), which fulfills the requirements, that are set by the test procedure in which the test piece is about to be used. A specimen fulfills this requierements generally speaking only after further treatment/processing. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
Term Editor: PERSON: Matthias Jung
Definition Source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Proben-Rolle @de
definition: Rolle eines Objekts, welches eine Probe ist, die aus einem Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probenabschnitt (Sample) entnommen wurde; die Probe hat festgelegte Dimensionen, kann maschinell bearbeitet sein, wurde in einen für die Verwendung in einem Prüfverfahren notwendigen Zustand gebracht @de
definition: role of object which is a part taken from a specimen or sample; the part has specified dimensions, is machined or un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test

testing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Testfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften, Leistung oder Qualität von Materialien oder Geräten zu bewerten. @de

textile joining
type: Class
subclass of: joining
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
Definition Source: Keine offizielle Definition in DIN @de
Definition Source: No offical definition in DIN
label: Textiles Fügen @de
definition: A joining process that involves connecting textile materials.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem textile Materialien miteinander verbunden werden. @de
example: Sewing, Stapling

thermal conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
definition: The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat.

thermal conductivity measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: TCMP
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessverfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the thermal conductivity of a material, determining its ability to conduct heat.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines Materials misst und dessen Fähigkeit bestimmt, Wärme zu leiten. @de
example: Measuring the thermal conductivity of a composite material used in aerospace applications to ensure efficient heat dissipation.

thermal conductivity measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessfunktion @de
definition: A function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten besteht, die zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Materialien verwendet werden. @de

thermal property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of heat flux
definition: A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.

thermal property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that measures the thermal behavior of materials, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and phase transitions in response to temperature changes.
definition: Eine Analyse, die das thermische Verhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich Wärmekapazität, Wärmeleitfähigkeit, thermischer Ausdehnung und Phasenübergängen in Reaktion auf Temperaturänderungen. @de

thermocouple
type: Class
subclass of: device
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Definition Source: “Thermocouple.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermocouple. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Thermoelement @de
definition: A device for measuring temperature in which a pair of wires of dissimilar metals (such as copper and iron) are joined and the free ends of the wires are connected to an instrument (such as a voltmeter) that measures the difference in potential created at the junction of the two metals.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Temperaturmessung, bei dem ein Paar Drähte aus unterschiedlichen Metallen (z. B. Kupfer und Eisen) verbunden und die freien Enden der Drähte mit einem Instrument (z. B. einem Voltmeter) verbunden werden, das die an der Verbindungsstelle erzeugte der beiden Metalle Potentialdifferenz misst . @de

thermocycler
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Thermocycler @de
definition: A Thermocycler is a Temperature Change Device that rapidly changes the temperature of a sample in cycles, often used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR).
definition: Ein Thermocycler ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das die Temperatur einer Probe in Zyklen schnell ändert, oft verwendet in der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR). @de

thermogravimetric analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: TGA
label: Thermogravimetrische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the change in mass of a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere, determining its thermal stability and composition.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Massenänderung eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur oder Zeit in einer kontrollierten Atmosphäre misst und dessen thermische Stabilität und Zusammensetzung bestimmt. @de
example: Thermogravimetric analysis of a metal alloy to determine its oxidation stability at high temperatures.

thermomechanical analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: TMA
label: Thermomechanische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermoanalytical Process that measures the dimensional changes of a material as a function of temperature, determining its coefficient of thermal expansion.
definition: Ein Thermoanalytisches Verfahren, das die Maßänderungen eines Materials als Funktion der Temperatur misst und seinen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten bestimmt. @de
example: Thermomechanical analysis of a polymer to ensure it maintains dimensional stability under varying temperature conditions.

thermomechanical treatment
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
Has Curation Status: ready for release
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Thermomechanisches Behandeln @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process that involves the simultaneous application of heat and mechanical stresses. Thermomechanical treatment is utilized to alter and improve the material's microstructure and mechanical properties.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die gleichzeitige Anwendung von Wärme und mechanischen Spannungen beinhaltet. Die thermomechanische Behandlung wird eingesetzt, um die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials zu verändern und zu verbessern. @de
example: Hot Isostatic Pressing

thin-layer chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Dünnschichtchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates non-volatile mixtures by applying a sample on a thin layer of an adsorbent material and using a solvent to move the components up the layer based on their affinities.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das nichtflüchtige Gemische trennt, indem eine Probe auf eine dünne Schicht eines Adsorptionsmaterials aufgetragen und ein Lösungsmittel verwendet wird, um die Komponenten basierend auf ihren Affinitäten entlang der Schicht zu bewegen. @de
example: Using thin-layer chromatography to analyze the composition of a polymer mixture to identify different components.

thin layer chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Dünnschichtchromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating compounds in a sample using a thin layer of adsorbent material on a plate.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Verbindungen in einer Probe unter Verwendung einer dünnen Schicht adsorbierenden Materials auf einer Platte. @de

3d printer
type: Class
subclass of: additive manufacturing device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: 3D-Drucker @de
definition: A 3D Printer is an Additive Manufacturing Device that creates three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer from a digital model.
definition: Ein 3D-Drucker ist ein Gerät für die additive Fertigung, das dreidimensionale Objekte durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus einem digitalen Modell erzeugt. @de

time series
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
definition: A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends.

torsion testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Torsionsprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the resistance of materials to twisting forces by applying a torque and measuring the resulting deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Widerstands von Materialien gegenüber Drehkräften durch Anwendung eines Drehmoments und Messung der resultierenden Verformung. @de

torsion testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Torsionsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's behavior when subjected to twisting forces, determining its torsional strength and shear modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials bei Torsionskräften bewertet und seine Torsionsfestigkeit und Schermodul bestimmt. @de
example: Evaluating the torsional strength of a metal rod used in a mechanical shaft to prevent failure under rotational loads.

triple point
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary
definition: The triple point is a phase boundary described by the specific temperature and pressure at which three phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium.

ultrasonic cleaner
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ultraschallreiniger @de
definition: A device that uses ultrasound and a cleaning solvent to clean delicate or complex items.
definition: An Ultrasonic Cleaner is a Cleaning Device that uses high-frequency sound waves and a cleaning solvent to remove contaminants from delicate or complex items.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Ultraschall und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um empfindliche oder komplexe Gegenstände zu reinigen. @de
definition: Ein Ultraschallreiniger ist ein Reinigungsgerät, das Hochfrequenzschallwellen und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um Verunreinigungen von empfindlichen oder komplexen Gegenständen zu entfernen. @de

ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Ultraviolett-Visible-Spektrophotometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the absorbance of a sample in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Absorption einer Probe im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums. @de

unsupervised machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: machine learning
Has Curation Status: requires discussion
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Unsupervised Learning @de
definition: A Machine Learning process that identifies patterns and relationships in data without using labeled outcomes.
definition: Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der Muster und Zusammenhänge in Daten identifiziert, ohne beschriftete Ergebnisse zu verwenden. @de
example: Using clustering algorithms to group similar materials based on their properties (e.g., hardness, elasticity, thermal conductivity) without prior knowledge of the categories. For instance, discovering new categories of alloy compositions that exhibit similar thermal properties.

viscometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Viskosimeter @de
definition: A device used to measure the viscosity of liquids, providing information about their flow properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten, das Informationen über ihre Fließeigenschaften liefert. @de

viscometry
type: Class
subclass of: rheological property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Viskosimetrie @de
definition: A Rheological Property Analyzing Process that measures the viscosity of a fluid, which is its resistance to gradual deformation by shear or tensile stress, using viscometers or rheometers.
definition: Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Viskosität einer Flüssigkeit misst, also deren Widerstand gegen allmähliche Verformung durch Scher- oder Zugspannung, unter Verwendung von Viskosimetern oder Rheometern. @de

water purification system
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Wasseraufbereitungssystem @de
definition: A Water Purification System is a Device used to remove contaminants from water to produce clean and safe drinking water.
definition: Ein Wasseraufbereitungssystem ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Verunreinigungen aus Wasser zu entfernen, um sauberes und sicheres Trinkwasser herzustellen. @de

waterjet cutter
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: cut function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Wasserstrahlschneider @de
definition: A device that utilizes a high-pressure stream of water or a water stream with abrasive particles to cut materials such as metal, stone, plastic, etc.
definition: Ein Gerät, das einen Hochdruckwasserstrahl oder einen Wasserstrahl mit abrasiven Partikeln verwendet, um Materialien wie Metall, Stein, Kunststoff usw. zu schneiden. @de

waver irradiation
type: Class
subclass of: irradiation process
definition: A waver irradiation is an irradiation describing an exposure of a material or system to electromagnetic waves or radiation.

wear testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Verschleißprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the wear resistance of materials by subjecting them to abrasive conditions.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Verschleißfestigkeit von Materialien durch Aussetzen dieser Bedingungen unter Abrasivbedingungen. @de

wear testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Verschleißprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the resistance of a material to wear and abrasion, simulating real-life conditions of friction.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahrenn, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verschleiß und Abrieb bewertet und reale Reibungsbedingungen simuliert. @de
example: Wear testing of automotive brake pads to ensure longevity and performance under repetitive braking conditions.

welding device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Schweißgerät @de
definition: A device used for joining materials by melting them together, typically with the addition of a filler material.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen, üblicherweise unter Zugabe eines Füllmaterials. @de

welding function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Schweißfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of joining performed to fuse materials together using welding techniques.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Schweißtechniken zu verbinden. @de

x-ray analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Röntgen Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that uses X-rays to investigate the internal structure, composition, and properties of materials by measuring the interaction of X-rays with the sample.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um die innere Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen, indem die Wechselwirkung der Röntgenstrahlen mit der Probe gemessen wird. @de

x-ray computed tomography
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: CT
label: Röntgen-Computertomographie @de
definition: A X-ray Analyzing Process, that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of an object.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um detaillierte Querschnittsbilder eines Objekts zu erstellen. @de
example: For example, X-ray Computed Tomography can be used to analyze the porosity of cement. This process allows researchers to visualize and quantify the distribution, size, and connectivity of pores within the cement.

x-ray diffraction process
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
IAO_0000118: XRD
label: Beugungsprozess @de
definition: An X-ray Analyzing Process, that involves the interaction of X-rays with the crystalline structure of a material.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit der kristallinen Struktur eines Materials umfasst. @de
example: XRD is used to e.g. determine the crystal structure of newly synthesized compounds to determine the crystal lattice arrangement.

x-ray mapping
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Röntgen-Mapping @de
definition: An X-ray Analyzing Process that generates a spatial distribution map of the elements within a specimen by scanning the sample with an electron or X-ray beam and detecting the emitted X-rays, providing detailed compositional information across the sample's surface.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das eine räumliche Verteilungskarte der Elemente innerhalb einer Probe erstellt, indem die Probe mit einem Elektronen- oder Röntgenstrahl abgetastet und die emittierten Röntgenstrahlen detektiert werden, wodurch detaillierte Zusammensetzungsinformationen über die Oberfläche der Probe geliefert werden. @de
example: An example of an X-ray Mapping process is X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

x-ray microanalysis
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Röntgen-Mikroanalyse @de
definition: An X-ray Analyzing Process that determines the elemental composition and chemical properties of a specimen by detecting and analyzing the characteristic X-rays emitted from the sample when it is irradiated with a focused electron beam.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die elementare Zusammensetzung und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Probe bestimmt, indem die charakteristischen Röntgenstrahlen detektiert und analysiert werden, die von der Probe emittiert werden, wenn sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl bestrahlt wird. @de
example: An example for X-ray Microanalysis process is Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.

x-ray spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Röntgenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that analyzes the interaction of X-rays with matter to determine the material's composition and structure.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit Materie analysiert, um die Zusammensetzung und Struktur des Materials zu bestimmen. @de
example: Examples are e.g. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection spectroscopy.

x-ray diffractometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Röntgenbeugungsgerät @de
definition: An X-Ray Diffractometer is a Measuring Device that determines the crystal structure of materials by analyzing the diffraction patterns of X-rays passed through a sample.
definition: Ein Röntgenbeugungsgerät ist ein Messgerät, das die Kristallstruktur von Materialien durch Analyse der Beugungsmuster von durch eine Probe geleiteten Röntgenstrahlen bestimmt. @de

x-ray analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Röntgenanalysator @de
definition: A device used to analyze the composition and properties of materials through X-ray techniques such as diffraction or fluorescence.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien durch Röntgenverfahren wie Beugung oder Fluoreszenz. @de

x-ray computed tomography system
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Röntgen-Computertomographiesystem @de
definition: A device that uses X-ray computed tomography techniques to produce cross-sectional images of a material.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Röntgen-Computertomographietechniken verwendet, um Querschnittsbilder eines Materials zu erstellen. @de

x-ray mapping device
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Röntgenkartierungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for mapping the spatial distribution of elements or compounds within a material using X-ray fluorescence or diffraction techniques.
definition: Ein Gerät, das zur Kartierung der räumlichen Verteilung von Elementen oder Verbindungen innerhalb eines Materials mithilfe von Röntgenfluoreszenz- oder -beugungstechniken verwendet wird. @de

x-ray microanalysis system
type: Class
subclass of: device
Term Editor: PMDco Team
label: Röntgenmikroanalyssystem @de
definition: A device used for microanalysis of materials using X-ray techniques to determine elemental composition at a microscopic scale.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Mikroanalyse von Materialien unter Verwendung von Röntgentechniken zur Bestimmung der Elementzusammensetzung auf mikroskopischer Ebene. @de

assay
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: plan
IAO_0000112: Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
IAO_0000118: measuring
IAO_0000118: scientific observation
Imported From: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070
label: Analyse @de
definition: A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it.
definition: Ein geplanter Prozess, der das Ziel hat, Informationen über eine materielle Einheit (den Bewertungsgegenstand) zu gewinnen, indem er diese untersucht. @de

phase (spatial)
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: A phase is a 3D spatial region occupied by a Portion Of Matter whose qualities or dispositions or Material Properties are (considered) uniform at the length scale of interest.

filler role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Filler is the role of a PortionOfDisconnectedMatter that implies being hosted in a Matrix.

precipitate role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Precipitate is the role of a Portion Of Matter that implies being hosted in a Matrix and the Precipitate derives from the Matrix or the Precipitate derives from the Thing that the Matrix derives from.

crystal
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A crystal is an object that has part some entities that concretize a Bravais lattice.

chemical composition specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: A 'chemical composition specification' is an information content entity that 'specifies the value of' the chemical components of a material. The chemical components that are quanitfied are the 'portions of atomic species' or 'portions of matter' that the material 'consists of'. A 'chemical composition specification' 'has continuant parts' that quantify the mass proportions or molar proportions that the material 'conists of'.
example: A 'portion of steel' has a quality 'chemical composition CC'. The 'chemical composition specification CCS' specifies the value of CC and 'has continuant part' some 'scalar value specifications SVS_Fe and SVS_C'. SVS_Fe 'specifies the value of' the relational property 'mass proportion' that inheres in the 'portion of steel' as well as the 'portion of iron' that the steel 'consists of'. SVS_C 'specifies the value of' the relational property 'mass proportion' that inheres in the 'proportion of steel' as well as the 'portion of carbon' that the steel 'consists of'.

metallic grain structures
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bainite
  one of: austenite
  one of: ferrite
  one of: ledeburite
  one of: pearlite
  one of: widmanstatten structure
  one of: martensite
subclass of: nature constant
definition: Metallic grain structures are descriptors for the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.

hydrogen bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition: A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one molecule’s hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule.
example: The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxigen end.

pure substance
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: TODO: it is not clear if we really need the 'Portion of pure substance" or if we can just refer to the respecitve chemical entity directly (e.g. in chemical composition).
alternative label: Portion of Chemical Entity
definition: A Pure Substance is a Portion Of Matter that 'has part' only one kind of chebi:chemical entity or other similar entity. It has no structural qualities or realizable entites beyond representing its parts of a single enitiy type.
example: Pure water, a portion of iron atoms. Refer to: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24431 In contrast, salt water 'consists of' a portion of pure water and a portion of pure NaCl. Steel 'consists of ' a 'portion of pure iron', a 'portion of pure carbon' and possibly portions of other alloying- and impurity-elements.

portion of iron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: iron atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom.

portion of indium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: indium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Indium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom.

portion of chromium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: chromium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Chromium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom.

portion of carbon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Carbon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom.

portion of germanium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: germanium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Germanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom.

portion of tungsten
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: tungsten
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tungsten' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten.

portion of erbium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: erbium
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Erbium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium.

portion of molybdenum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: molybdenum atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Molybdenum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom.

portion of niobium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: niobium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Niobium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom.

portion of rhenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: rhenium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Rhenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom.

portion of lithium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: lithium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Lithium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom.

portion of nitrogen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: nitrogen atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Nitrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom.

portion of cobalt
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: cobalt atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cobalt' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom.

portion of gold
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: gold atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Gold' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom.

portion of argon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: argon atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Argon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom.

portion of cadmium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: cadmium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cadmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom.

portion of barium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: barium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Barium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom.

portion of tantalum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: tantalum atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tantalum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom.

portion of antimony
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: antimony atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Antimony' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom.

portion of potassium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: potassium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Potassium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom.

portion of phosphorus
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: phosphorus atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Phosphorus' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom.

portion of boron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: boron atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Boron' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom.

portion of helium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: helium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Helium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom.

portion of silicon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: silicon atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Silicon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom.

portion of nickel
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: nickel atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Nickel' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom.

portion of yttrium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: yttrium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Yttrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom.

portion of zirconium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: zirconium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Zirconium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom.

portion of copper
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: copper atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Copper' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom.

portion of bohrium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: bohrium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bohrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom.

portion of fluorine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: fluorine atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Fluorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom.

portion of platinum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: platinum
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Platinum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum.

portion of cerium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: cerium
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cerium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium.

portion of sulfur
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: sulfur atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Sulfur' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom.

portion of lead
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: lead atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Lead' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom.

portion of krypton
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: krypton atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Krypton' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom.

portion of bismuth
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: bismuth atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bismuth' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom.

portion of neon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: neon atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Neon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom.

portion of thallium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: thallium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Thallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium.

portion of selenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: selenium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Selenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom.

portion of ruthenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: ruthenium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Ruthenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom.

portion of magnesium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: magnesium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Magnesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom.

portion of zinc
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: zinc atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Zinc' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom.

portion of mercury
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: mercury atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Mercury' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom.

portion of xenon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: xenon atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Xenon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom.

portion of aluminium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: aluminium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Aluminium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom.

portion of sodium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: sodium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Sodium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom.

portion of iodine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: iodine atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iodine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom.

portion of caesium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: caesium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Caesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom.

portion of chlorine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: chlorine atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Chlorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom.

portion of silver
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: silver atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Silver' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom.

portion of samarium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: samarium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Samarium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom.

portion of manganese
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: manganese atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Manganese' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom.

portion of arsenic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: arsenic atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Arsenic' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom.

portion of beryllium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: beryllium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Beryllium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom.

portion of calcium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: calcium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Calcium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom.

portion of neodymium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: neodymium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Neodymium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom.

portion of hydrogen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: hydrogen atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Hydrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom.

portion of osmium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: osmium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Osmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom.

portion of iridium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: iridium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iridium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom.

portion of gallium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: gallium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Gallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom.

portion of bromine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: bromine atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bromine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom.

portion of tin
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: tin atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tin' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom.

portion of hafnium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: hafnium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Hafnium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom.

portion of uranium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: uranium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Uranium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom.

portion of oxygen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: oxygen atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Oxygen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom.

portion of palladium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: palladium
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Palladium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium.

portion of vanadium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: vanadium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Vanadium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom.

portion of scandium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: scandium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Scandium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom.

portion of titanium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pure substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: consists of
    all values from: titanium atom
subclass of: pure substance
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Titanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom.

steel
type: Class
subclass of: ferrous alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: consists of
  some values from: portion of carbon
definition: Steel is a ferrous alloy that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities).

nature constant
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
definition: A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, magintude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics.
example: Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, and the 14 Bravais lattices.

bravais lattice (3d)
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bravais lattice triclinic primitve
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice cubic face-centered
subclass of: nature constant
definition: The Bravais Lattice is a nature constant that describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements. TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso

proportion
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
disjoint with: bond
definition: A Proportion is a relational quality between two entites (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.

mass proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.

molar proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
alternative label: Molar Ratio
definition: The Molar Proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entites count of the whole.
example: The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxigen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.

volume proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.

mineral
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: A mineral is a material that has part some crystal.

polycrystal
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A polycrystall is an object aggregate that has continuant part some crystal grains.

graphite
type: Class
subclass of: mineral
definition: A mineral that has part some crystal that in turn consists of some portion of carbon

grain size distribution
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.

aerosol
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gasous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate)

aggregate state value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: aggregate state solid
  one of: aggregate state liquid
  one of: aggregate state gasous
  one of: aggregate state plasma
  one of: aggregate state atom gas
  one of: aggregate state supercritical fluid
  one of: aggregate state mesomorphic
  one of: aggregate state suprafluid
  one of: aggregate state suprasolid
subclass of: nature constant
definition: The aggregate state type is a nature constant that concretizes the aggregatge state quality.

foam
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
definition: A foam is a material entity aggregate that conssists of some 'Composite Material' c. The parts of c that bear the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that bear the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its sourrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending of the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell.

thermodynamic system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time.

reversible process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process.

intensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
alternative label: Point property
definition: An intensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.

size
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Size is the quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.

mass
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Mass is a quality that inheres in an object, object aggregate or fiat object part and affects those in processes where gravitation, acceleration, thermal mass etc are relevant.

stimulus role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: The stimulus role is a role that an object bears in a process when causally influencing another object that bears a stimulation target role in the same process. 'Role' implies here, that the 'bearing' assignment depends on the intent.

stimulation target role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: See 'Stimulus role'

lot
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A lot is an object aggregate whose parts are output of the same prodction process.

melt
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: Schmelze @de
definition: A melt is an object (material entity) that exists in a liquid state as a result of the phase transition from solid due to thermal energy input. In materials science, it typically refers to metals, alloys, or other substances maintained above their melting point.
definition: Eine Schmelze ist ein Objekt (eine materielle Einheit), das aufgrund des Phasenübergangs von einem Festkörper durch thermische Energiezufuhr in einem flüssigen Zustand vorliegt. In der Werkstoffkunde bezieht sich der Begriff in der Regel auf Metalle, Legierungen oder andere Stoffe, die oberhalb ihres Schmelzpunkts gehalten werden. @de
example: A pool of molten steel during casting.

energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
Definition Source: OEO_00000150
definition: Energy is a quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)

process chain
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process chain is a process that 'has contiuant part' subprocesses S1...Sn where S1...Sn precede each other and where some object or object aggregate that are output of Sn are then input to Sn+1.

product (chemical reaction)
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Product is the role of a material entity that is output of a chemical reaction and is created or transformed during the reaction.

educt
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Educt is the role of a material entity that is input of a chemical reaction and is consumed or transformed during the reaction

catalyst
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Catalyst is the role of a participant in a chemical reaction that does not alter its qualities/realizable entities after the chemical reaction.

extensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: An extensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.

volume
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: Volume is a universal extensive quality that affects those in processes where a spatial region/spatial extent is relevant.

internal energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work.

component
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A component is an object aggregate that bears a function in a technical system.

technical system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A technical system is an object aggretate: 1. that is output of a manufacturing process, 2. that bears some function 3. whose continuant parts are some components.

interatomic interaction energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate.

heat (metallurgy)
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: melt
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: blank role
definition: A heat is a fixed amount of metallic alloy that may be input to some Manifacturing Process.

force
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerces the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects.

crack
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A crack is a physical separation of a material entity at the level of (atomic) Bonds.

notch
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A notch is a geometric feature of the 'surface layer' of an object that introduces a strong change in shape or cross section.

pore
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A pore is a cavity in the 'bulk' of an object

defect (role)
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E.
example: A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load.

Length
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: A size that characterizes the main spatial extend of an object or distance between characteristic points of an object.

bond
type: Class
subclass of: force
definition: A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.

covalent bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
Definition Source: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
example: In a water molecule (H₂O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons.

metallic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
Definition Source: metallic-bond-definition-properties-and-examples-4117948
definition: A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.

ionic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
Definition Source: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
example: An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.

thermoplastics
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: A Thermoplastic is a Polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling.

polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyethylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating ethylene monomer units.

low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density.

high-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: High-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density.

linear low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: Linear Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching.

polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polypropylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating propylene monomer units.

isotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Isotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain.

syndiotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Syndiotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain.

atactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Atactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain.

polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyvinyl Chloride is a Thermoplastic that is formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers.

Rigid PVC (uPVC)
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: Rigid PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability.

Flexible PVC (fPVC)
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: Flexible PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility.

polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polystyrene is a Thermoplastic that is produced by the polymerization of styrene monomers.

general purpose polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: General Purpose Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing.

high impact polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: High Impact Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance.

polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyethylene Terephthalate is a Thermoplastic that is synthesized from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.

Amorphous PET (APET)
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: Amorphous PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure.

Crystalline PET (CPET)
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: Crystalline PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure.

thermosetting polymers
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: A Thermosetting Polymer is a Polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape.

epoxy resins
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Epoxy Resins are Thermosetting Polymers that form rigid, cross-linked networks upon curing.

bisphenol a epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resins
definition: Bisphenol A Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is formulated using bisphenol A to enhance its mechanical properties.

novolac epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resins
definition: Novolac Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance.

phenolic resins
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Phenolic Resins are Thermosetting Polymers formed by the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde.

phenol-formaldehyde resin
type: Class
subclass of: phenolic resins
definition: Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin is a Phenolic Resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde.

melamine formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Melamine Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer produced from melamine and formaldehyde, known for its high hardness.

urea formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Urea Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds.

elastomers
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: An Elastomer is a Polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation.

natural rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomers
definition: Natural Rubber is an Elastomer that is derived from the latex of rubber trees.

synthetic rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomers
definition: Synthetic Rubber is an Elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubber’s properties.

styrene-butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Styrene-Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is composed of styrene and butadiene to enhance abrasion resistance.

nitrile butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Nitrile Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is formulated from acrylonitrile and butadiene to provide resistance to oils and chemicals.

ethylene propylene diene monomer
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a Synthetic Rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer to offer excellent weather resistance.

biodegradable polymers
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: Biodegradable Polymers are Polymers that can be decomposed by biological organisms into environmentally benign substances.

polylactic acid
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polylactic Acid is a Biodegradable Polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch.

polyhydroxyalkanoates
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polyhydroxyalkanoates are Biodegradable Polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids.

polybutylene succinate
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polybutylene Succinate is a Biodegradable Polymer that is a thermoplastic polyester recognized for its compostability.

natural ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Natural Ceramics (Traditional Ceramics) are Ceramics that are produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica.

silicate ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramics
definition: Silicate Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are composed primarily of silicate minerals.

clay-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: silicate ceramics
definition: Clay-Based Ceramics are Silicate Ceramics that are formed from natural clays.

earthenware
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Earthenware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material.

stoneware
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Stoneware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material.

porcelain
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Porcelain is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance.

aluminosilicates
type: Class
subclass of: silicate ceramics
definition: Aluminosilicates are Silicate Ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides.

mullite
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicates
definition: Mullite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability.

kaolinite
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicates
definition: Kaolinite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity.

non-clay ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramics
definition: Non-Clay Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are formed from raw materials other than clay.

glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass
subclass of: non-clay ceramics
definition: Glass-Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are produced by controlled crystallization of glass, combining properties of both glass and ceramics.

leucite-based glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Leucite-Based Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are Non-Clay Ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties.

fritted ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-clay ceramics
definition: Fritted Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials.

technical ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Technical Ceramics (Advanced Ceramics) are Ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications.

oxide ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed primarily of metal oxides.

Alumina (Al₂O₃)
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Alumina is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of aluminum oxide, renowned for its hardness and insulation properties.

Zirconia (ZrO₂)
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Zirconia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of zirconium dioxide, noted for its high strength and toughness.

Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
type: Class
subclass of: Zirconia (ZrO₂)
definition: Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance.

magnesia-stabilized zirconia
type: Class
subclass of: Zirconia (ZrO₂)
definition: Magnesia-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability.

Titania (TiO₂)
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Titania is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties.

Beryllia (BeO)
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Beryllia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.

Non-Oxide Ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Non-Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed of compounds other than metal oxides.

Carbide Ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: Non-Oxide Ceramics
definition: Carbide Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal carbides.

Silicon Carbide (SiC)
type: Class
subclass of: Carbide Ceramics
definition: Silicon Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and carbon, celebrated for its high hardness and thermal conductivity.

Tungsten Carbide (WC)
type: Class
subclass of: Carbide Ceramics
definition: Tungsten Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of tungsten and carbon, recognized for its exceptional wear resistance.

Boron Carbide (B₄C)
type: Class
subclass of: Carbide Ceramics
definition: Boron Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density.

Nitride Ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: Non-Oxide Ceramics
definition: Nitride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that are composed of metal nitrides.

Silicon Nitride (Si₃N₄)
type: Class
subclass of: Nitride Ceramics
definition: Silicon Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and nitrogen, offering high fracture toughness.

Aluminum Nitride (AlN)
type: Class
subclass of: Nitride Ceramics
definition: Aluminum Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity.

Boron Nitride (BN)
type: Class
subclass of: Nitride Ceramics
definition: Boron Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and nitrogen, with a structure analogous to graphite.

boride ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: Non-Oxide Ceramics
definition: Boride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal borides.

Titanium Diboride (TiB₂)
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramics
definition: Titanium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point.

Zirconium Diboride (ZrB₂)
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramics
definition: Zirconium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability.

composite ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Composite Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are produced by combining two or more ceramic phases to enhance overall performance.

oxide-oxide composites
type: Class
subclass of: composite ceramics
definition: Oxide-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that consist entirely of oxide ceramic phases.

alumina matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composites
definition: Alumina Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases.

zirconia matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composites
definition: Zirconia Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases.

non-oxide composites
type: Class
subclass of: composite ceramics
definition: Non-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that are formed by combining ceramic phases other than oxides.

SiC Matrix Composites
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composites
definition: SiC Matrix Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that are built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases.

C-SiC Composites (Carbon-Silicon Carbide)
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composites
definition: C-SiC Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that consist of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance.

electroceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Electroceramics are Ceramics that are specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications.

dielectric ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Dielectric Ceramics are Electroceramics that serve primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants.

Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃)
type: Class
subclass of: dielectric ceramics
definition: Barium Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties.

lead zirconate titanate (pzt)
type: Class
subclass of: dielectric ceramics
definition: Lead Zirconate Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior.

magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Magnetic Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides.

soft ferrites
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
definition: Soft Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by low coercivity and high permeability, making them ideal for transformer cores.

hard ferrites
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
definition: Hard Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by high coercivity, making them suitable for permanent magnets.

superconducting ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Superconducting Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature.

yttrium barium copper oxide
type: Class
subclass of: superconducting ceramics
definition: Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature.

bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide
type: Class
subclass of: superconducting ceramics
definition: Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure.

bioceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Bioceramics are Ceramics that are engineered to be compatible with biological systems.

bioinert ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioinert Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions.

alumina-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioinert ceramics
definition: Alumina-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of alumina, valued for their biocompatibility.

zirconia-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioinert ceramics
definition: Zirconia-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of zirconia, offering high strength and inertness.

bioactive ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioactive Ceramics are Bioceramics that interact with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration.

hydroxyapatite
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive ceramics
definition: Hydroxyapatite is a Bioactive Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone.

bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive ceramics
definition: Bioglass is a Bioactive Ceramic that is a silicate-based glass formulated to bond with and stimulate biological tissues.

bioresorbable ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioresorbable Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue.

tricalcium phosphate
type: Class
subclass of: bioresorbable ceramics
definition: Tricalcium Phosphate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate, commonly used in bone grafting applications.

calcium sulfate
type: Class
subclass of: bioresorbable ceramics
definition: Calcium Sulfate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium sulfate, known for its solubility in biological environments.

silicate glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are composed primarily of silica.

soda-lime glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Soda-Lime Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated from silica, soda, and lime and is widely used in windows and containers.

clear float glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Clear Float Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is known for its clarity and uniform thickness.

patterned glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Patterned Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is modified with surface textures for decorative purposes.

tinted glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Tinted Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is treated with coloring agents to alter its light transmission.

borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Borosilicate Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with boron oxide to improve thermal resistance.

pyrex-type glass
type: Class
subclass of: borosilicate glass
definition: Pyrex-Type Glass is a form of Borosilicate Glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock.

aluminosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Aluminosilicate Glass is a form of Silicate Glass that is specifically formulated to resist high temperatures.

lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Lead Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with lead oxide to increase brilliance and refractive index.

potash lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: Potash Lead Glass is a form of Lead Glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide.

barium glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: Barium Glass is a form of Lead Glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties.

high-temperature resistant glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
definition: High-Temperature Resistant Glass is an Aluminosilicate Glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures.

non-silicate glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Non-Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are not primarily composed of silica.

phosphate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Phosphate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of phosphate compounds, offering distinct optical properties.

borate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Borate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of boron oxide and is known for its low melting point.

germanate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Germanate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission.

optical glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is formulated for high-precision light transmission and refractive performance.

fused silica glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Fused Silica Glass is an Optical Glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.

crown glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Crown Glass is an Optical Glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity.

flint glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Flint Glass is an Optical Glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion.

specialty glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Specialty Glasses are Advanced Glasses that are engineered for specific functional roles.

chemically strengthened glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Chemically Strengthened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength.

ion-exchanged glass
type: Class
subclass of: chemically strengthened glass
definition: Ion-Exchanged Glass is a form of Chemically Strengthened Glass that is produced by exchanging ions to improve durability.

aluminosilicate gorilla glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
subclass of: chemically strengthened glass
definition: Aluminosilicate Gorilla Glass is a Chemically Strengthened Glass that is enhanced with an aluminosilicate composition for superior scratch resistance.

toughened (tempered) glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Toughened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety.

laminated glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Laminated Glass is a Specialty Glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance.

electrochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Electrochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied.

photochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Photochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light.

thermochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Thermochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature.

lithium disilicate glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal.

transparent glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Transparent Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization.

functional glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Functional Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications.

conductive glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Conductive Glass is Functional Glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity.

indium tin oxide coated glass
type: Class
subclass of: conductive glass
definition: Indium Tin Oxide Coated Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with a thin film of indium tin oxide to enable electrical conduction.

fluorine-doped tin oxide glass
type: Class
subclass of: conductive glass
definition: Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with tin oxide doped with fluorine for enhanced conductivity.

magnetic glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Magnetic Glass is Functional Glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties.

iron-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic glass
definition: Iron-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior.

cobalt-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic glass
definition: Cobalt-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties.

nonlinear optical glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Nonlinear Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light.

chalcogenide glass
type: Class
subclass of: nonlinear optical glass
definition: Chalcogenide Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is composed of chalcogen elements, offering infrared transmission and nonlinear optical behavior.

tellurite glass
type: Class
subclass of: nonlinear optical glass
definition: Tellurite Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties.

bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Bioactive Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to interact beneficially with biological tissues.

silicate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue.

45S5 Bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: 45S5 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone.

S53P4 Bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: S53P4 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity.

phosphate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Phosphate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed predominantly of phosphate compounds.

borate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Borate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction.

amorphous metal glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Amorphous Metal Glass is Glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid.

iron-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Iron-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is predominantly composed of iron.

magnesium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Magnesium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density.

zirconium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Zirconium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength.

categorical measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: measurement datum
Definition Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000938
definition: A measurement datum that is reported on a categorical scale.

device specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance.

material specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context.

recipe
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that outlines the ingredients, proportions, and procedural steps required to prepare a specific product, typically in cooking, manufacturing, or chemical processes.

specification datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that provides specification for entities

example to be eventually removed
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: example to be eventually removed

failed exploratory term
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: failed exploratory term
IAO_0000115: The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
Term Editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

metadata complete
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: metadata complete
IAO_0000115: Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.

organizational term
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: organizational term
IAO_0000115: Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release

ready for release
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: ready for release
IAO_0000115: Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."

metadata incomplete
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: metadata incomplete
IAO_0000115: Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.

uncurated
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: uncurated
IAO_0000115: Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.

pending final vetting
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: pending final vetting
IAO_0000115: All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.

placeholder removed
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: placeholder removed

terms merged
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: terms merged
IAO_0000116: An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.

term imported
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: term imported
IAO_0000116: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.

term split
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: term split
IAO_0000116: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.

universal
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: universal
IAO_0000116: Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
Term Editor: Alan Ruttenberg
Definition Source: A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf

defined class
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: defined class
IAO_0000115: A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
IAO_0000116: "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.
Term Editor: Alan Ruttenberg

named class expression
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: named class expression
IAO_0000115: A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
IAO_0000116: named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions
Term Editor: Alan Ruttenberg

to be replaced with external ontology term
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: to be replaced with external ontology term
IAO_0000115: Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
Term Editor: Alan Ruttenberg
Definition Source: group:OBI

requires discussion
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000111: requires discussion
IAO_0000115: A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
Term Editor: Alan Ruttenberg
Definition Source: group:OBI

out of scope
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000115: The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
IAO_0000116: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.
Term Editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
IAO_0000233: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77
IAO_0000234: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432

bravais lattice triclinic primitve
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice cubic primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice cubic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice cubic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bainite
type: NamedIndividual

austenite
type: NamedIndividual

ferrite
type: NamedIndividual

ledeburite
type: NamedIndividual

pearlite
type: NamedIndividual

widmanstatten structure
type: NamedIndividual

martensite
type: NamedIndividual

aggregate state solid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds between entites trasmit shear forces.

aggregate state liquid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds of the entites transmit no shear force.

aggregate state gasous
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the entities have no bonding.

aggregate state plasma
type: NamedIndividual
definition: An aggregate state where the entites are atom nuclei and have no bonds.

aggregate state atom gas
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.

aggregate state supercritical fluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with strong bindings between entites that do not transmit shear force.

aggregate state mesomorphic
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.

aggregate state suprafluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entites.

aggregate state suprasolid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.