PMDco: Platform Material Digital Ontology. Version 3.0.0-alpha4, https://w3id.org/pmd/co/
The Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco) is a mid-level semantic framework for Materials Science and Engineering (MSE). Aligning with the ISO/IEC 21838-2:2021 standard, PMDco constructed on basis of Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and reuses several BFO-aligned ontologies like RO, IAO, and OBI. The scope of PMDco follows the fundamental paradigm of MSE (processing, structure, and properties) and encompasses the following domains: (*) Processes: Representation of MSE-related process chains, including materials manufacturing, characterization, and simulation processes. (*) Structure/state: Description of substances, engineered materials, and specification of materials, their composition, and multiscale structural features. (*) Properties: Specification of material properties and qualities, representing processing-structure-properties dependences. PMDco also provides general entities required for representing the fundamental MSE topics (e.g., thermodynamics), as well as general semantics for entities commonly required across MSE disciplines (such as devices, roles, functions, and plans). PMDco at GitHub: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology Documentation: https://materialdigital.github.io/core-ontology/docs/
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
example of usage
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
definition
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
editor note
Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source
label
Indicates whether the ontology element is part of the minimal profile of the ontology. Useful for modularization, simplified views, or lightweight implementations.
isInMinimalProfile
An editor note referring to a pattern which shows the usage of this class or property.
pattern example
A term tracker annotation is an editor note used to track the history of an entity. For each change, it records the related GitHub issue and pull request.
hijacked from http://openenergy-platform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00020426
term tracker annotation
abbreviation
A textual annotation used to specify a commonly accepted abbreviation, acronym, or shortened form of a class label. This property is intended to support concise referencing of ontology classes, especially when standard abbreviations are widely used in practice.
"DNA" for "Deoxyribonucleic Acid"
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part of
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has part
has realization
b has realization c =Def c realizes b
As for realizes
realizes
(Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart
preceded by
b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match
precedes
(Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.
occurs in
b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank
exists at
(Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000
has occurrent part
b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday
has proper occurrent part
b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c & b and c are not identical
As for has occurrent part.
has temporal part
b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
Your life has temporal part the first year of your life
occurrent part of
(Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match
"occurrent part of" is not a BFO2020 temporalized relation. It just restricts the domain and range to "occurrent". That's why is should be OK to make it sub property of RO "part of"
proper temporal part of
b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c & not (b = c)
As for temporal part of.
proper occurrent part of
b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical
As for occurrent part of.
temporal part of
b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game
temporally projects onto
(Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle
has proper temporal part
b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b
As for has temporal part.
environs
b environs c =Def c occurs in b
Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic
history of
(Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
This life is the history of this organism
has history
b has history c =Def c history of b
This organism has history this life
specifically depended on by
b specifically depended on by c =Def c specifically depends on b
Coloured object specifically depended on by colour
specifically depends on
(Elucidation) specifically depends on is a relation between a specifically dependent continuant b and specifically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region c such that b and c share no parts in common & b is of a nature such that at all times t it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c
A shape specifically depends on the shaped object; hue, saturation and brightness of a colour sample specifically depends on each other
bearer of
b bearer of c =Def c inheres in b
A patch of ink is the bearer of a colour quality; an organism is the bearer of a temperature quality
inheres in
b inheres in c =Def b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b specifically depends on c
A shape inheres in a shaped object; a mass inheres in a material entity
occupies temporal region
p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945
occupies spatiotemporal region
(Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory
first instant of
t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday
has first instant
t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31
last instant of
t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday
has last instant
t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31
has measurement unit label
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
is about
A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan
denotes
m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input.
This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.
is quality measurement of
inverse of the relation 'denotes'
denoted by
relates a process to a time-measurement-datum that represents the duration of the process
is duration of
inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship
is quality measured as
A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality.
is quality specification of
inverse of the relation of is quality specification of
quality is specified as
see is_input_of example_of_usage
The inverse property of is specified input of
8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
has specified input
some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
is specified input of
The inverse property of is specified output of
The inverse property of is_specified_output_of
has specified output
has_specified_output
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
is specified output of
is_specified_output_of
A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.
A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
this red color is a characteristic of this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
characteristic of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
Inverse of characteristic_of
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has characteristic
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates in
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has participant
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.
is concretized as
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
quality of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
role of
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
has function
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has quality
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has role
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
disposition of
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
derives from
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
derives into
my head is the location of my brain
this cage is the location of this rat
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
location of
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
located in
x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time.
simultaneous with
starts
Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
starts with
ends
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
ends with
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
has input
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
has output
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
has member
input of
output of
A mass measurement assay measures an material's mass characteristic. A radioactivity detection assay measures the amount of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma ray emmissions) coming from a material.
A relation between an assay and a characteristic, in which the assay generates a data item which is a measure of a characteristic.
assay measures characteristic
Inverse of 'assay measures characteristic'
characteristic measured by assay
relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes)
is subject of
Inverse of 'is about'.
has process attribute
has process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000500
A relation between a process and a process attribute that depends on it.
Tensile testing process has process attribute tensile rate
has state
relates a temporally qualified continuant to the unique anchor continuant that it is a temporal phase of
is state of
complies with
entspricht
complies with is a relation between an independent continuant and an information content entity (e.g., specification or objective) that it conforms to.
in response to
inverse of responds with
responds with
The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.
stimulated by
inverse of stimulates
stimulates
A relation between a stimulating process and material property, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the material property and participates in the stimulating process, and the material property comes to be realized in the course of the stimulating process.
consists of
A continuant part property that relates Material Entity Aggregates in the direction of smaller length-scale.
A portion of steel consists of a portion of carbon and a portion of iron.
interacts with
A relation between participants of a process indicating that some of the participants SDCs are affected during the process due to the interaction of the participants.
causally influences
An entity (that is bearer of some stimulation role) causally influences another entity (that is bearer of the stimulation target role) in a process iff the target objects qualites (and/or realizable entities?) are altered in a manner that is significant in the given context/domain of discourse..
TODO: check if we should force the 'o' to be a portion of matter' through: http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/Submissions:N-Ary_Relation_Pattern_%28OWL_2%29 or https://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-n-aryRelations/
intensive bearer of
Intensive bearer of is a chain that allows to connect objects to intensive properties through "the matter they consist of".
This piece of metal intensive bearer of some temperature.
Despite has characteristic from RO does not have any domain constraints, it is still not possible to directly connect an instance of a process with an instance of a SDC. First, SDC is dependent on a IC. As RO does not have "bearer of" object property, the "has characteristic" implies that the domain should be an IC. Second, characteristic of is a functional property. Thus, two triples SDC_1 characteristc of IC_1 and SDC_2 characteristc of Process_1 (where IC_1 participates in Process_1), cannot exist simultaneously. An example of such case can be "Temperature of during the annealing process was 1000°C". Temperature is an SDC of some participant of the annealing, however it is not clear whether it is an SDC of an oven or of a sample in the oven. If we assert triple Annealing--> has characteristic --> Temperature 1000°C, then the correct triple connecting temperature SDC with either oven or specimen cannot exist.
refers to
a relation between a process attribute and an SDC of some participant in a process
a relation to between a process attribute an a SDC of some participant in a process.
integral bearer of
Integral bearer of is a property chain linking an object or object aggregate O that consits of a portion of matter PM to a SDC Q that inheres in 'portions of matter' only: O -consists of-> PM -bearer of-> Q
Talking colloquially about Intensive thermodynamic properties of an object requires this property.
has measurement value
A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it.
A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning.
A relation between a value specification and a literal.
This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject.
has specified value
has value
data property that relates an information content entity to a literal
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
entity
(Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
continuant
(Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
occurrent
(Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra
spatial region
(Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region
temporal region
(Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region
two-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space
spatiotemporal region
(Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
process
(Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
disposition
(Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
realizable entity
(Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity
zero-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
quality
(Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
specifically dependent continuant
b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
(with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
(with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
role
(Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target
fiat object part
(Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body
one-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts
An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space
object aggregate
(Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank
three-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time
site
(Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist
object
(Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
generically dependent continuant
(Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint
the function of a hammer to drive in nails
the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
function
(Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
process boundary
p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life
one-dimensional temporal region
(Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
The temporal region during which a process occurs
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
material entity
(Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings
continuant fiat boundary
(Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface
immaterial entity
b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site
fiat line
(Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous
The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin
relational quality
b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another
fiat surface
(Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected
The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant
fiat point
(Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point
The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system
zero-dimensional temporal region
(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
history
(Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity
The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence
temporal interval
(Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
The year 2018.
temporal instant
(Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
The millennium
An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.
An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.
A carbon group element atom with a symbol Fl and atomic number 114.
A boron group element atom with a symbol Nh and atomic number 113.
A pnictogen atom with a symbol Mc and atomic number 115.
A chalcogen atom with a symbol Lv and atomic number 116.
A halogen atom with a symbol Ts and atomic number 117.
A p-block element atom with a symbol Og and atomic number 118.
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.
A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.
Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.
A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.
A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek θαλλοσ, a green shoot).
Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).
A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.
Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.
A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281.
A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010.
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.
Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term.
2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
measurement unit label
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
objective specification
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
action specification
A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
datum label
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
data item
a serial number such as "12324X"
a stop sign
a written proper name such as "OBI"
An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154).
based on Oxford English Dictionary
symbol
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
information content entity
10 feet. 3 ml.
A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in this case we explicitly refer to the singular form
Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them.
scalar measurement datum
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
directive information entity
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
curation status specification
Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
data about an ontology part
PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231.
Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
plan specification
Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
measurement datum
The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology.
obsolescence reason specification
A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
document
journal article, newspaper story, book, etc.
A document that is the output of a publishing process.
publication
The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities.
A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters
denotator type
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measuring a temporal interval
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
time measurement datum
A planned process of making information, such as literature, music, and software etc., available to the public for sale or for free.
publishing process
An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
identifier
A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity.
identifier creating process
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
planned process
When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is)
examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected")
evaluant role
Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it.
12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation.
Discussion on OBI call 2023-05-01 resulted in an agreement to revise the textual definition of 'assay'. https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1683.
OBI branch derived
assay
liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient.
A role borne by a material entity that is obtained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by performing measurements or observations on the specimen.
blood taken from animal: animal continues in study, whereas blood has role specimen. something taken from study subject, leaves the study and becomes the specimen.
parasite example - when parasite in people we study people, people are subjects and parasites are specimen - when parasite extracted, they become subject in the following study specimen can later be subject.
22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role.
Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
specimen role
PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now.
organization
A mechanical function is a function that is realised via mechanical work (through an certain amount of energy transferred by some force).
mechanical function
With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role.
Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process.
A person or organization that has a manufacturer role.
A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.
Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen; collecting a stone from a site.
A material entity that is collected for potential use as an input upon which measurements or observations are performed.
GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch
specimen
Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a Manufacturing Process may be SemiFinishedProdcuts.
The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type.
Material
material
Portion of Material
A Material is a Portion Of Matter that may participate in some Manifacturing Process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the Manifacuring Process.
It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries."
portion of matter
A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.
We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
engineered material
An Engineered Material is a Material that is output of a Manufacturing Process.
Technical materials are complex object aggregates. The properties that are determined for those object aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, the behavoiral material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property.
behavioral material property
A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) We only deal with intensive (system-size independent) materrial properties. Extensive properties that depend on the testpiece/specimen/probe size should be found in the respective testing method modules.
also see "The Ontology of Fields" - Report of a Specialist Meeting Held under the Auspices of the Varenius Project: Donna Peuquet, Barry Smith, and Berit Brogaard; Bar Harbor, Maine 1998
vector field specification
a value specifcation that represents an assignment of a vector to each point in a discretized spacial region
Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class.
process attribute
process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00030019
Renamed to avoid confusion with has characteristic object property
process characteristic
a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.
Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process
plan
A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process.
simulation entity role
Simulation entity role is a role that inheres in an independent continuant (IC) and is realized in a simulation process. This role enables the IC to participate in the simulation as a proxy, model, or representative of a real or hypothetical entity within the simulated context
Schmelzprozess
melting process
A melting process is a thermally induced process during which a solid material undergoes a phase transition into a liquid state. It involves the absorption of heat and occurs at or above the material's melting point.
Ein Schmelzvorgang ist ein thermisch induzierter Prozess, bei dem ein festes Material einen Phasenübergang in einen flüssigen Zustand erfährt. Er beinhaltet die Absorption von Wärme und findet bei oder oberhalb des Schmelzpunkts des Materials statt.
The process of melting aluminum ingots in preparation for extrusion.
Heizfunktion
heating function
A heating function is a (realizable) function that, when realized, enables a system or device to increase the thermal energy of a material, typically to reach temperatures required for processing, transformation, or reaction.
Eine Heizfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die ein System oder Gerät in die Lage versetzt, die Wärmeenergie eines Materials zu erhöhen, um die für die Verarbeitung, Umwandlung oder Reaktion erforderlichen Temperaturen zu erreichen.
The function of a resistance heater in a vacuum furnace.
Kühlfunktion
cooling function
A cooling function is a (realizable) function that, when realized, enables a system or device to lower the temperature of a material, often to control solidification or maintain a stable state below a desired thermal threshold.
Eine Kühlfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die es einem System oder Gerät ermöglicht, die Temperatur eines Materials zu senken, häufig um die Erstarrung zu steuern oder einen stabilen Zustand unterhalb eines gewünschten thermischen Schwellenwerts aufrechtzuerhalten.
The function of a water-cooled mold to solidify molten metal in casting.
An electric arc furnace used in steelmaking.
Schmelzofen
melting furnace
A melting furnace is a device that bears a melting function, typically designed to raise the temperature of a solid material to initiate and sustain its transformation into a melt.
Ein Schmelzofen ist ein Gerät, das eine Schmelzfunktion hat und in der Regel dazu dient, die Temperatur eines festen Materials zu erhöhen, um seine Umwandlung in eine Schmelze einzuleiten und aufrechtzuerhalten.
Schmelzfunktion
melting function
A melting function is a heating function that, when realized, enables a device or system to initiate or sustain the phase transition of a solid material into a liquid by raising its temperature above the melting point.
Eine Schmelzfunktion ist eine Heizfunktion, die es einem Gerät oder System ermöglicht, den Phasenübergang eines festen Materials in eine Flüssigkeit einzuleiten oder aufrechtzuerhalten, indem seine Temperatur über den Schmelzpunkt angehoben wird.
The function of an induction coil in a furnace to heat metal until it melts.
input assignment
input assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as input to the computing process
https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278
output assignment
output assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as output to the computing process
For any temporally qualified continuant x@t, there exists a continuant y such that x@t has_state y, meaning that y is the anchor continuant of which x@t is a temporal phase existing at temporal regions t. The relation has_state is functional and signifies that all such temporally qualified continuants are uniquely associated with their basic anchor continuant.
temporally qualified continuant
A temporally qualified continuant is a continuant that, by reference to a determinate temporal region, is such as to possess its properties only for so long as that period obtains, being otherwise in its essentiality unchanged.
1-D is an information content entity representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis.
A two-dimensional information content entity is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena.
ASTM grainsize
The ASTM grain size is a scalar specifically describing the size of grains in a crystalline material as defined by ASTM standards.
Ab Initio MD Simulation
ab initio molecular dynamics simulation
A Simulation Process that uses quantum mechanical calculations to predict the behavior of molecular systems without empirical parameters.
Ein Simulationsprozess, der quantenmechanische Berechnungen verwendet, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme ohne empirische Parameter vorherzusagen.
Simulating the electronic structure and dynamics of a new alloy to predict its mechanical properties.
accoustic absorption coefficient
The accoustic absorption coefficient is an accoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area.
accoustic property
An accoustic property is a mechanical property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission.
Akustische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
acoustical property analyzing process
An assay, that measures the acoustic properties of materials by analyzing how sound waves interact with the material. This process involves generating sound waves and observing their reflection, transmission, absorption, or scattering to determine properties such as acoustic impedance, absorption coefficient, and sound speed.
Eine Analyse, die die akustischen Eigenschaften von Materialien misst, indem es analysiert, wie Schallwellen mit dem Material interagieren. Dieser Prozess umfasst die Erzeugung von Schallwellen und die Beobachtung ihrer Reflexion, Übertragung, Absorption oder Streuung, um Eigenschaften wie akustische Impedanz, Absorptionskoeffizient und Schallgeschwindigkeit zu bestimmen.
For example, acoustic emission testing (AET) is used to monitor the release of energy from a material under stress, which can indicate the onset of failure or the presence of defects.
Additive Fertigungsgerät
additive manufacturing device
A device used for manufacturing objects layer by layer through additive processes such as 3D printing.
Ein Gerät zur Herstellung von Objekten Schicht für Schicht durch additive Verfahren wie 3D-Druck.
Adhäsionsprüfverfahren
adhesion testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the strength of adhesion between two bonded surfaces, assessing the quality of adhesive joints.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Stärke der Haftung zwischen zwei verklebten Oberflächen misst und die Qualität der Klebeverbindungen bewertet.
Adhesion testing of epoxy bonds in composite materials to ensure structural integrity in aircraft components.
A screwdriver used to adjust a grub screw.
Einstellungsgeräterolle
adjustment device role
Role of a device that is used to adjust another device (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole). The role is realized in an adjustment process.
Rolle eines Gerätes, das zum Einstellen eines anderen Gerätes (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole) verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert.
age
The age is a quality denoting the temporal interval since a material entity came into existance. TODO: should move to "process characteristic"
aggregate state
The aggregate state is a morphological quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gas.
Alterungsprozess
aging process
Das Aging oder Auslagern ist ein Anlassvorgang, der den Martensit (Härtungsgefüge) wieder duktil und verformbar macht. Dabei wird ein Agingvorgang genutzt, nämlich die Bildung von Ausscheidungen in Form von FeXCY - Carbiden
The process of hardening an alloy by a method that causes a constituent to precipitate from solid solution.
The Process of austenitizing and quenching a steel alloy to achieve a martensitic microstructure for hardness increase.
application of accoustic wave
An application of (an) acoustic wave is an application of (a) mechanical load describing the use of sound waves in a material or system for testing or functional purposes.
application of elastic impact
An application of (an) elastic impact represents an application of (a) mechanical load describing the process of applying a force or impact to a material to observe its elastic response.
application of electric field
An application of (an) electric field is the process of subjecting a material to an electric field to observe its behavior or modify its properties.
application of heat flux
An application of heat flux describes the process of transferring thermal energy to or from a material, often used in thermal property measurements.
application of magnetic field
An application of (a) magnetic field is the process of subjecting a material to a magnetic field to study its magnetic properties or induce magnetization.
application of mechanical load
An application of mechanical load is the process of applying force or stress to a material to observe its response or measure its properties.
application of substance
The application of (a) substance is the process of applying a material or substance to a surface or within a system.
Assemblierungsprozess
assembling process
A process to mount or demount a component.
Atomkraftmikroskop
atomic force microscope
An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a Measuring Device that maps the surface topography of materials at the nanoscale by scanning it with a mechanical probe.
Ein Atomkraftmikroskop (AFM) ist ein Messgerät, das die Oberflächentopographie von Materialien im Nanobereich durch Abtasten mit einer mechanischen Sonde kartiert.
atomic structure
The atomic structure is a material structure that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties.
Atomistische Monte Carlo Simulation
atomistic monte carlo simulation
A Monte Carlo Simulation process that focuses on the atomic scale, where the properties and behaviors of materials are modeled by considering individual atoms and their interactions.
Ein Monte Carlo Simulationsprozess, der sich auf die atomare Skala konzentriert, bei dem die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Materialien durch die Betrachtung einzelner Atome und ihrer Wechselwirkungen modelliert werden.
Simulating the behavior of electrons in a new alloy to predict its electrical conductivity.
Bandsäge
bandsaw
A band saw is a type of saw that uses a continuous, endless saw blade in the form of a band. This blade is usually a narrow, flexible steel blade with teeth along one edge. The band saw is mounted in a closed loop and is guided by two wheels, at least one of which is driven. The operation of the band saw enables precise and efficient cuts to be made in a variety of materials, including wood, metal and plastic.
Eine Bandsäge ist eine Art von Säge, die ein kontinuierliches, endloses Sägeblatt in Form eines Bands verwendet. Dieses Sägeblatt ist in der Regel eine schmale, flexible Stahlklinge mit Zähnen entlang einer Kante. Die Bandsäge ist in eine geschlossene Schleife montiert und wird über zwei Räder geführt, von denen mindestens eines angetrieben wird. Die Funktionsweise der Bandsäge ermöglicht präzise und effiziente Schnitte in unterschiedlichen Materialien, einschließlich Holz, Metall und Kunststoff.
Biegeversuchmaschine
bending testing machine
A device used to test the bending strength and flexibility of materials by applying a load and measuring deformation.
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Biegefestigkeit und Flexibilität von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Last und Messung der Verformung.
Biegeprüfverfahren
bending testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the resistance of a material to bending forces, determining its flexural strength and stiffness.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Biegekräfte misst und seine Biegefestigkeit und Steifigkeit bestimmt.
Testing the flexural strength of a plastic beam to ensure it can withstand the required load in an engineering application.
Analyseverfahren der Biokompatibilität
biocompatibility analyzing process
A Biological Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the compatibility of a material with living tissues to ensure it does not provoke an adverse biological response.
An example of a biocompatibility analyzing process is an in vitro cell culture test, where cells are cultured in the presence of the implant material to observe any cytotoxic effects, such as changes in cell morphology, proliferation rate, or cell viability.
Ein Biologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verträglichkeit eines Materials mit lebenden Geweben bewertet, um sicherzustellen, dass es keine nachteilige biologische Reaktion hervorruft.
Biologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
biological property analyzing process
An assay that examines the interaction of materials with biological systems, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, toxicity, and the effects of materials on living organisms and cells.
Eine Analyse, die die Wechselwirkung von Materialien mit biologischen Systemen untersucht, einschließlich Biokompatibilität, Abbaubarkeit, Toxizität und der Auswirkungen von Materialien auf lebende Organismen und Zellen.
“Blank.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blank. Accessed 25 Nov. 2022.
Rohling-Rolle
blank role
Role of an object, which is realized in a preparation process
Some portion of material, which to be made into something by a further operation.
boiling point
The boiling point is a phase boundary described by the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas under standard atmospheric pressure.
Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506
A Brinell Hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf.
brinell hardness
The Brinell hardness is a scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load.
bulk
The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.
bulk modulus
The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression.
Brennen
burning
Firing
A changing the properties of material process that involves burning typically refers to the application of high heat, often resulting in combustion or thermal degradation, to alter the physical or chemical properties of a material, leading to changes like hardening, alteration in chemical composition, or reduction in mass,
Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, der das Brennen beinhaltet, bezieht sich in der Regel auf die Anwendung großer Hitze, die oft zu einer Verbrennung oder thermischen Zersetzung führt, um die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials zu verändern, was zu Veränderungen wie Härtung, Änderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung oder Verringerung der Masse führt,
Firing in Pottery
CNC-Maschine
cnc machine
A CNC Machine is a Forming Machine that uses computer numerical control to precisely control machining tools for cutting, drilling, milling, and other tasks.
Eine CNC-Maschine ist eine Formmaschine, die zur präzisen Steuerung von Bearbeitungswerkzeugen für Schneid-, Bohr-, Fräs- und andere Aufgaben computergestützte numerische Steuerung verwendet.
CNC-Schweißmaschine
cnc welding machine
A CNC Welding Machine is a Device that performs welding operations controlled by a computer numerical control system.
Eine CNC-Schweißmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Schweißoperationen durch ein computergesteuertes System ausführt.
Kalibrierungsgeräterolle
calibration device role
Role of a device that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process.
Rolle eines Geräts, das zum Kalibirieren sich selbst oder eines anderen Gerätes, das die "Subject Of Calibration Role" inne hat, verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert.
Messschieber
caliper
A measuring device having two usually adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used especially to measure the dimensions of objects, such as diameters or thicknesses
Messgerät mit zwei in der Regel verstellbaren Armen, Schenkeln oder Klemmbacken, das vor allem zur Messung der Abmessungen von Gegenständen, wie z. B. des Durchmessers oder der Dicke, verwendet wird
Classified by morphology.
ceramic
Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications.
change of aggregate state
A change of aggregate state is a phase transition (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in a material, such as melting or condensation.
change of phase
A change of phase is a process describing the transition of a material from one state of matter to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas.
change of temperature
A change of temperature is a process describing the variation in thermal energy within a material or system over time or due to external influences.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
Stoffeigenschaft Ändern
changing properties of material
Changing Of Material Properties
Property Alteration
A manufacturing process that modifies the characteristics of the material from which a workpiece is made, including by processes at the submicroscopic or atomic scale, such as atomic diffusion, dislocation formation and movement in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, whereby the resulting shape changes are not characteristic of these processes.
Ein Herstellungsprozess, der die Merkmale des Materials, aus dem ein Werkstück gefertigt ist, modifiziert, was unter anderem durch Vorgänge im submikroskopischen oder atomaren Bereich erfolgt, wie etwa durch Atomdiffusion, die Versetzungsentstehung und -bewegung im Atomgitter oder durch chemische Reaktionen, wobei die dabei auftretenden Formveränderungen nicht charakteristisch für diese Verfahren sind.
Heat Treatment
chemical composition
The chemical composition is a morphological quality describing the types and proportions of elements or compounds present in a material.
Analyseverfahren für die chemische Zusammensetzung
chemical composition analyzing process
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that determines the chemical composition of a material by identifying and quantifying its constituent elements and compounds.
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die chemische Zusammensetzung eines Materials bestimmt, indem es dessen Bestandteile und Verbindungen identifiziert und quantifiziert.
chemical potential
The chemical potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.
Chemische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
chemical property analyzing process
An assay that determines the chemical composition, reactivity, and chemical stability of materials, including the identification and quantification of chemical elements and compounds.
Eine Analyse, die die chemische Zusammensetzung, Reaktivität und chemische Stabilität von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich der Identifizierung und Quantifizierung chemischer Elemente und Verbindungen.
Chromatographiefunktion
chromatography function
A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Verbindungen in einer Mischung basierend auf ihrer Verteilung zwischen einer stationären Phase und einer mobilen Phase zu trennen.
Chromatographieverfahren
chromatography process
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that enables the separation and analysis of compounds in a mixture by their distribution between a mobile and a stationary phase.
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gemisch durch ihre Verteilung zwischen einer mobilen und einer stationären Phase ermöglicht.
Chromatographiesystem
chromatography system
A device used for separating mixtures into individual components using a chromatographic column and a mobile phase.
Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Gemischen in einzelne Komponenten unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule und einer mobilen Phase.
Kreissäge
circular saw
Die Kreissäge ist eine elektrische oder motorisierte Säge, die durch ein rundes, kreisförmiges Sägeblatt angetrieben wird. Das Sägeblatt einer Kreissäge ist mit Zähnen entlang seines Randes ausgestattet, die dazu dienen, das Material zu schneiden, wenn es in die Säge eingespeist wird. Kreissägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und können für verschiedene Materialien wie Holz, Metall, Kunststoff und sogar Gestein verwendet werden, abhängig vom spezifischen Sägeblatt, das installiert ist.
The circular saw is an electric or motorized saw that is powered by a round, circular saw blade. The blade of a circular saw is equipped with teeth along its edge that are used to cut the material as it is fed into the saw. Circular saws are versatile tools and can be used for different materials such as wood, metal, plastic and even rock, depending on the specific saw blade that is installed.
Tischkreissäge
circular table saw
A stationary circular saw that is built into a table top. It is often used in workshops for precise wood cuts.
Eine stationäre Kreissäge, die in eine Tischplatte eingebaut ist. Sie wird oft in Werkstätten für präzise Holzschnitte verwendet.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8592
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8592
Reinigen
cleaning
A Seperating process that involves removing unwanted material from a surface through cleaning methods, which may include processes like blasting, washing, or chemical cleaning.
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem unerwünschtes Material von einer Oberfläche durch Reinigungsmethoden entfernt wird, die Verfahren wie Strahlen, Waschen oder chemische Reinigung umfassen können.
Chemical Cleaning, Mechanical Cleaning
Reinigungsgerät
cleaning device
A device used for removing contaminants from materials or surfaces.
Ein Gerät zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen von Materialien oder Oberflächen.
Coarse Grained Simulation
coarse grained simulation
Ein Multiskalensimulation Prozess, der das System vereinfacht, indem Atome oder Moleküle zu größeren Partikeln zusammengefasst werden, wodurch die Rechenkomplexität verringert wird und die Untersuchung größerer Systeme oder längerer Zeitskalen ermöglicht wird.
multiscale simulation process that simplifies the system by grouping atoms or molecules into larger particles, thereby reducing computational complexity and allowing for the study of larger systems or longer time scales
In materials science, coarse-grained simulations are often used to study the mechanical properties of polymers. For instance, in the simulation of polymer chains, each segment of the chain might represent a group of several monomers, rather than modeling every single atom. This approach allows researchers to investigate the behavior of polymeric materials over larger scales and longer time periods, such as the viscoelastic properties of a polymer melt.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
Beschichten
coating
A manufacturing process that aims to deposit a permanently adhering layer of a material without a form onto a workpiece, whereby the immediate state of the coating material directly before application is essential.
Ein Herstellungsprozess, der darauf abzielt, eine dauerhaft haftende Schicht aus einem Material ohne Form auf ein Werkstück aufzubringen, wobei der unmittelbare Zustand des Beschichtungsmaterials direkt vor dem Auftragen entscheidend ist.
Chemical Vapour Deposition, Physical Vapour Deposition
Beschichtungsanwendungsfunktion
coating application function
A subfunction of coating performed to apply a coating to a surface.
Eine Unterfunktion der Beschichtung, die durchgeführt wird, um eine Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen.
Beschichten Durch Löten
coating by soldering
A Coating process that involves applying a coating using soldering techniques.
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Löten beinhaltet.
Applying a protective solder layer on electronic circuit boards.
Beschichten Durch Schweissen
coating by welding
A Coating process that involves applying a coating using welding techniques.
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Schweißen beinhaltet.
Cladding a metal surface with a corrosion-resistant alloy using weld overlay.
Beschichtungsgerät
coating device
A device used for applying a coating or layer to materials to enhance their properties or appearance.
Ein Gerät zum Auftragen einer Beschichtung oder Schicht auf Materialien zur Verbesserung ihrer Eigenschaften oder ihres Aussehens.
Beschichten Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand
coating from the gaseous or vapour state
Vakuumbeschichten
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a gaseous or vapor state.
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet.
Applying a thin film of material using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
Beschichten Aus Dem Körnigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand
coating from the granular or powdery state
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a granular or powdery state.
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet.
Powder coating of metal parts.
Beschichten Aus Dem Ionisierten Zustand
coating from the ionized state
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from an ionized state.
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet.
Plasma spraying of ceramic coatings.
Beschichten Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand
coating from the liquid state
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a liquid state.
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet.
Electroplating of metals.
Beschichten Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand
coating from the plastic state
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a plastic state.
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet.
Applying a plastic film through hot melt coating.
Beschichten Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand
coating from the pulpy or pasty state
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a pulpy or pasty state.
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand beinhaltet.
Painting, a protective layer of plaster on walls.
Beschichtungsfunktion
coating function
A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance.
Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um eine Schicht oder Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen, um deren Eigenschaften oder Aussehen zu verbessern.
Farbmessgerät
colorimeter
A device used to measure the color of a sample, often used in quality control and material analysis.
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Farbe einer Probe, häufig verwendet in der Qualitätskontrolle und Materialanalyse.
composite material
A Composite Material is an Engineered Material that 'consists of' some Material that has a Matrix role and of some Material that has a Filler role.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-1
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-1
Zusammensetzen
compounding
Putting Together
A joining process that involves assembling various components or sub-assemblies to form a complex unit, commonly used in manufacturing processes where multiple parts are put together to create a final product.
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem verschiedene Komponenten oder Unterbaugruppen zu einer komplexen Einheit zusammengefügt werden. Es wird üblicherweise in Fertigungsprozessen verwendet, bei denen mehrere Teile zu einem Endprodukt zusammengefügt werden.
Interlocking, Layering
Compoundiermaschine
compounding machine
A device used for mixing or compounding materials to achieve desired properties.
Ein Gerät zur Mischung oder Compoundierung von Materialien, um gewünschte Eigenschaften zu erreichen.
Druckprüfmaschine
compression testing machine
A device used to test the compressive strength of materials by applying a compressive force.
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Druckfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Druckkraft.
Druckprüfverfahren
compression testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Processs that determines a material's behavior under compressive forces, measuring its compressive strength and modulus.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials unter Druckkräften bestimmt und seine Druckfestigkeit und seinen Druckmodul misst.
Compression testing of concrete samples to ensure they meet the required strength standards for construction.
Computer
computing device
A computing system that provides an execution environment for, e.g., simulation processes or prediction models. A computing system can be virtual (e.g., a container or virtual machine) or physical (e.g., a bare-metal servers), uses digital representations of objects as inputs and produces digital measurements, such as simulation results or predictions, as outputs.
Ein Rechnersystem, das eine Ausführungsumgebung bspw. für Simulationsprozesse oder Vorhersagemodelle bereitstellt. Ein Rechenknoten kann virtuell (bspw. ein Container oder eine virtuelle Maschine) oder physisch (z. B. ein Bare-Metal-Server) ausgestaltet sein und verwendet in der Regel digitale Repräsentationen von Objekten als Eingaben und erzeugt digitale Messungen, wie z.B. Simulationsergebnisse oder Vorhersagen, als Ausgaben.
The subclass trees of "Computing Process" are currently still proposals and serve as a working basis for the discussion round with the simulation/workflow domain experts.
Datenverarbeitung
Rechenprozess
computing process
A process that involves the systematic use of computational methods and tools to perform simulations, analyses, or data transformations to achieve specific scientific or engineering goals.
Ein Prozess, der die systematische Verwendung von rechnerischen Methoden und Werkzeugen umfasst, um Simulationen, Analysen oder Datenumwandlungen durchzuführen, um spezifische wissenschaftliche oder technische Ziele zu erreichen.
Konditionierungsprozess
conditioning process
Diese Aktivität beschreibt den Prozess und die Maßnahmen, die ergriffen werden, um einen materiellen Gegenstand auf vordefinierte Umgebungsbedingungen einzustellen.
This activity describes the process of and the measures taken to set a tangible object to pre-defined environmental conditions.
continuous simulation
a simulation approach where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time.
corpuscular irradiation
The corpuscular irradiation is an irradiation describing the exposure of a material to streams of particles, such as electrons or ions.
crack growth
The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress.
Kriechprüfmaschine
creep testing machine
A device used to test the creep behavior of materials under constant stress at high temperatures.
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Kriechverhaltens von Materialien unter konstanter Belastung bei hohen Temperaturen.
Kriechprüfverfahren
creep testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates a material's deformation over time under constant stress and temperature, determining its creep behavior.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verformung eines Materials über die Zeit unter konstanter Belastung und Temperatur bewertet und sein Kriechverhalten bestimmt.
Creep testing of turbine blades to ensure they can withstand prolonged high temperatures without deforming.
Kryogefrierschrank
cryogenic freezer
A Cryogenic Freezer is a Temperature Change Device that preserves materials at extremely low temperatures, often below -150°C.
A device used to preserve materials at extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°C.
Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen zu konservieren, typischerweise unter -150°C.
Ein Kryogefrierschrank ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen konserviert, oft unter -150°C.
crystal structure
The crystal structure is a morphologic quality that describes the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystalline material. The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.
Trennen Funktion
cut function
Schneidfunktion
A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices.
Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien mit Schneidgeräten zu trennen oder zu teilen.
Deep Learning
deep learning
A Simulation Process that employs artificial neural networks with many layers to model complex patterns in data.
Ein Simulationsprozess, der künstliche neuronale Netze mit vielen Schichten verwendet, um komplexe Muster in Daten zu modellieren.
Using deep learning to predict the formation of defects in crystalline materials.
defect density
The defect density is a morphological quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties.
deformation
The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material under the influence of stress or force.
density
The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.
Abteilung
department
Organization that it a distinct part of an organization, typically responsible for a specific area of activity, function, or expertise, and organized under a designated leader or head to carry out its duties in alignment with the broader goals and policies of the organization.
This role is also an indication that an organization is a sub section of another organization.
department role
A department role is a role describing a personal function or position within an organization that defines responsibilities or activities in a specified context.
deteriorative property
The deteriorative property is a material property representing characteristics that describe the susceptibility of a material to degradation over time.
deterministic simulation
a simulation approach where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability.
Gerät
device
A physical or virtual entity used to perform a specific function or task, often involving measurement, manipulation, or analysis of materials.
Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien.
Rolle eines Gerätes
device role
Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann.
dielectric constant
The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
Differential-Scanning-Kalorimeter
differential scanning calorimeter
A device used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in a sample as a function of temperature.
Ein Gerät zur Messung des Wärmeflusses, der mit Phasenübergängen in einer Probe in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur verbunden ist.
Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie-Verfahren
differential scanning calorimetry process
A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the heat flow into or out of a material as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature, determining its thermal transitions such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions.
Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Wärmestrom in oder aus einem Material misst, während es erhitzt, gekühlt oder bei konstanter Temperatur gehalten wird, um seine thermischen Übergänge wie Schmelzen, Kristallisation und Glasübergänge zu bestimmen.
Differential scanning calorimetry of a polymer to determine its melting temperature and crystallization behavior.
DSC
Differenzthermoanalyse-Verfahren
differential thermal analysis process
A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are subjected to a controlled temperature program, identifying phase transitions and reactions.
Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial misst, während sie einem kontrollierten Temperaturprogramm unterzogen werden, um Phasenübergänge und Reaktionen zu identifizieren.
Differential thermal analysis of a ceramic material to identify its phase transition temperatures and reaction kinetics.
DTA
Differentialthermometer
differential thermal analyzer
A device used to measure the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are heated or cooled.
Ein Gerät zur Messung des Temperaturunterschieds zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial beim Erhitzen oder Abkühlen.
Dimensionierungsfunktion
dimension measuring function
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material.
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Abmessungen eines Objekts oder Materials zu bestimmen.
Dimensions Messprozess
dimension measuring process
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that determines the physical dimensions of a material or object, such as length, width, height, diameter, and thickness, with high accuracy and precision.
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die physikalischen Dimensionen eines Materials oder Objekts, wie Länge, Breite, Höhe, Durchmesser und Dicke, mit hoher Genauigkeit und Präzision bestimmt.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8591
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8591
Zerlegen
disassembling
A Seperating process that involves disassembling a composite or assembled unit into its constituent parts or sections.
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem eine zusammengesetzte oder montierte Einheit in ihre Einzelteile oder Abschnitte zerlegt wird.
Dismantling, Emptying
discrete-event simulation
a simulation method where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8588
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8588
Zerteilen
dividing
A Seperating process that involves separating material into distinct parts using techniques like shear cutting, splitting, tearing, or breaking, typically employed in processes where precise control over the cut is less critical.
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem das Material durch Techniken wie Scherschneiden, Spalten, Reißen oder Brechen in verschiedene Teile zerlegt wird. Es wird in der Regel bei Prozessen eingesetzt, bei denen eine genaue Kontrolle über den Schnitt weniger wichtig ist.
Shearing, Cracking
Bohrmaschine
drilling machine
A Drilling Machine is a Device that creates holes in a workpiece by means of a rotating drill bit.
Eine Bohrmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Löcher in ein Werkstück durch ein sich drehendes Bohrwerkzeug erzeugt.
Dynamisch-mechanische Analyse-Verfahren
dynamic mechanical analysis process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the mechanical properties of a material as a function of temperature, time, frequency, and stress, determining its viscoelastic behavior.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, welcher die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur, Zeit, Frequenz und Spannung misst und dessen viskoelastisches Verhalten bestimmt.
Dynamic mechanical analysis of a rubber compound to assess its stiffness and damping properties over a range of temperatures.
DMA
Dynamischer mechanischer Analysator
dynamic mechanical analyzer
A device used to measure the mechanical properties of materials as a function of temperature, frequency, and time.
Ein Gerät zur Messung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien als Funktion von Temperatur, Frequenz und Zeit.
elastic modulus
An elastic modulus is a measure of a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.
electric potential
The electric potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.
electrical conductivity
The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition.
electrical property
An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity.
Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
electrical property analyzing process
An assay that determines the electrical properties of materials, including electrical conductivity, resistivity, dielectric strength, and electrical charge storage capabilities.
Eine Analyse, die die elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich elektrischer Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, dielektrischer Festigkeit und elektrischer Ladungsspeicherkapazitäten.
Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine
electron beam welding machine
An Electron Beam Welding Machine is a Welding Device that uses a high-velocity electron beam to fuse materials together, typically in a vacuum environment.
Eine Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine ist ein Schweißgerät, das einen hochgeschwindigen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um Materialien miteinander zu verschmelzen, typischerweise in einer Vakuumumgebung.
“Electron microscope.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electron%20microscope. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
Elektronenmikroskop
electron microscope
A device that uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of a sample's surface or structure.
An electron-optical instrument in which a beam of electrons is used to produce an enlarged image of a minute object.
Ein Gerät, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen.
Elektronenmikroskopie
electron microscopy
A Microscopy Process that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of an object, allowing for high-resolution visualization of the material's surface and internal structures.
Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild eines Objekts zu erzeugen, wodurch eine hochauflösende Visualisierung der Oberfläche und der inneren Strukturen des Materials ermöglicht wird.
An example of an electron microscopy process is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which provides detailed images of the surface topography and composition of a material. Another example is Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which can visualize the internal structure of a sample at atomic resolution.
Elektronenspektroskopie
electron spectroscopy
A Spectroscopy Process, that studies the energy distribution of electrons emitted from a sample when it is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or bombarded with particles.
Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Energieverteilung von Elektronen untersucht, die aus einer Probe emittiert werden, wenn diese mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung bestrahlt oder mit Teilchen bombardiert wird.
Examples are e.g. Auger electron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary electron spectroscopy.
emission of accoustic wave
The emission of (an) accoustic wave is a deformation describing the release of sound waves by a material or system, often due to vibration or stress.
emission of corpuscular radiation
The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system.
emission of radiation
The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.
emission of wave radiation
The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system.
Empirische Potential MD Simulation
empirical potential molecular dynamics simulation
A Simulation Process that uses empirical potentials derived from experimental data to model the behavior of molecular systems.
Ein Simulationsprozess, der empirische Potentiale verwendet, die aus experimentellen Daten abgeleitet sind, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme zu modellieren.
Simulating the diffusion of atoms in a crystal using Lennard-Jones potentials.
Umweltschrank
environmental chamber
A device used to simulate environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure to test materials and devices.
Ein Gerät zur Simulation von Umweltbedingungen wie Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und Druck zur Prüfung von Materialien und Geräten.
evolution of damage
An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.
“Extensometer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extensometer. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
extensometer
A device for measuring minute deformations of test specimens caused by tension, compression, bending, or twisting.
Materialermüdungsprüfmaschine
fatigue testing machine
A device used to test the fatigue resistance of materials by subjecting them to repeated stress cycles.
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Ermüdungsresistenz von Materialien, indem diese wiederholten Belastungszyklen ausgesetzt werden.
Ermüdungsprüfverfahren
fatigue testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading, determining its fatigue life and endurance limit.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, zyklischen Belastungen standzuhalten, und seine Ermüdungslebensdauer und -grenze bestimmt.
Fatigue testing of metal components in bridges to predict their lifespan under repetitive loading conditions.
ferrous alloy
A ferrous alloy is a metal describing an alloy containing iron as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-2
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-2
Füllen
filling
A joining process that involves the use of a filler material to connect parts.
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial verwendet wird, um Teile zu verbinden.
Impregnating, Soaking
Durchflusszytometer
flow cytometer
A Flow Cytometer is a Device used to measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
Ein Durchflusszytometer ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Zell- oder Partikelpopulation zu messen.
Kraftmessfunktion
force measuring function
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the force applied to or by an object.
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die auf ein Objekt ausgeübte oder von ihm ausgeübte Kraft zu bestimmen.
formation of notch or scratch
The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
Umformen
forming
Shaping
A manufacturing process that changes the shape of a solid body through plastic deformation while retaining both mass and structural integrity.
Ein Herstellungsprozess, der durch plastische Umformung die Gestalt eines festen Körpers verändert, wobei sowohl die Masse als auch die strukturelle Integrität erhalten bleiben.
Tension Forming, Compression Forming
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8586
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8586
Biegeumformen
forming by bending
A forming process that involves bending materials, typically used in manipulating sheets, tubes, or profiles into curved shapes or angles, common in metalworking and fabrication industries.
Ein Umform Prozess, der das Biegen von Materialien beinhaltet und typischerweise bei der Bearbeitung von Blechen, Rohren oder Profilen zu gekrümmten Formen oder Winkeln eingesetzt wird, wie es in der Metallverarbeitung und in der verarbeitenden Industrie üblich ist.
Bending With Linear Die Movement, Bending With Rotary Die Movement
Formmaschine
forming machine
A device used for shaping materials under various conditions, including tensile, compressive, and shearing.
Ein Gerät zur Formgebung von Materialien unter verschiedenen Bedingungen, einschließlich Zug-, Druck- und Scherbedingungen.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8584-1
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8584-1
Zugdruckumformen
forming under compressive and tensile conditions
A forming process that involves applying both tensile and compressive forces to a material.
Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem sowohl Zug- als auch Druckkräfte auf ein Material ausgeübt werden.
Stripping, Deep Drawing, Spinning
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8583-1
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8583-1
Druckumformen
forming under compressive conditions
A forming process that involves deforming materials under compressive forces, commonly used in techniques like rolling and die forming where metal is shaped by applying pressure.
Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien unter Druck verformt werden. Er wird üblicherweise bei Techniken wie Walzen und Gesenkformen eingesetzt, bei denen Metall durch Druck in Form gebracht wird.
Rolling, Coining
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8587
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8587
Schubumformen
forming under shearing conditions
A forming process that involves displacement or twisting materials to achieve deformation, often used in operations where materials are shaped by applying torsional forces.
Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Werkstoffe durch Verschieben oder Verdrehen verformt werden. Es wird häufig bei Verfahren verwendet, bei denen Werkstoffe durch Anwendung von Torsionskräften geformt werden.
Twisting, Displacement
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8585-1
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8585-1
Zugumformen
forming under tensile conditions
A forming process that involves stretching or elongating materials to achieve desired dimensions or shapes.
Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien gestreckt oder gedehnt werden, um die gewünschten Abmessungen oder Formen zu erreichen.
Expanding, Stretch Forming
Bruchzähigkeitsprüfverfahren
fracture toughness testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's ability to resist crack propagation, determining its fracture toughness.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, der Rissausbreitung zu widerstehen, und seine Bruchzähigkeit bestimmt.
Measuring the fracture toughness of ceramic materials used in aerospace components to ensure reliability under stress.
Classified by the role in a system.
functional material
A Functional Material F is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.
“Furnace.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/furnace. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
Ofen
furnace
An enclosed structure in which heat is produced (as for heating a house or for reducing ore).
Eine geschlossene Struktur, in der Wärme erzeugt wird (z. B. zum Heizen eines Hauses oder zum Einschmelzen von Erz).
Gaschromatographie Verfahren
gas chromatography process
A Chromatography Process that separates and analyzes compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition, using a gas as the mobile phase and a solid or liquid stationary phase.
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Verbindungen trennt und analysiert, die ohne Zersetzung verdampft werden können, indem ein Gas als mobile Phase und eine feste oder flüssige stationäre Phase verwendet wird.
Gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of volatile organic compounds in a polymer matrix.
Gaschromatographiesystem
gas chromatography system
A device used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture using a chromatographic column.
Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule.
Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie Verfahren
gel permeation chromatography process
A Chromatography Process that separates molecules based on their size by passing the sample through a porous gel matrix, also known as size exclusion chromatography.
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Größe trennt, indem die Probe durch eine poröse Gelmatrix geleitet wird, auch bekannt als Größenausschlusschromatographie.
Gel permeation chromatography is used to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer sample.
Gelpermeations-Chromatographiesystem
gel permeation chromatography system
A device used for separating and analyzing polymers based on their molecular size using gel permeation chromatography.
Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Polymeren basierend auf ihrer Molekülgröße durch Gelpermeationschromatographie.
Generatives Deep Learning
generative deep learning
A Deep Learning process that involves creating models capable of generating new data instances that resemble the training data.
Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Modelle erstellt, die in der Lage sind, neue Dateninstanzen zu erzeugen, die den Trainingsdaten ähneln.
Using generative adversarial networks to design new molecular structures with desired properties, such as improved conductivity or strength.
It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
glass
A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-8
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-8
Kleben
glueing
Bonding
A joining process that involves using adhesives to bond materials together, suitable for a wide range of materials including metals, plastics, and composites, and used in various applications from automotive to aerospace.
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem Klebstoffe verwendet werden, um Materialien miteinander zu verbinden. Es eignet sich für eine Vielzahl von Materialien, darunter Metalle, Kunststoffe und Verbundstoffe, und wird in verschiedenen Anwendungen von der Automobilindustrie bis zur Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt.
Bonding With Physically Hardening Adhesives, Bonding With Chemically Hardening Adhesives (Reaction Bonding)
Korn
crystal grain
A crystal grain is a crystal that is continuant part of a polycrystal.
Gravimetrischer Analysator
gravimetric analyzer
A device used to measure the mass of a sample to determine its composition or concentration.
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Masse einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung oder Konzentration.
Gravimetrisches Analyseverfahren
gravimetrical analyzing process
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that measures the quantity of a substance by its mass, often involving the precipitation, filtration, drying, and weighing of the substance.
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Menge einer Substanz durch ihre Masse misst und dabei häufig die Fällung, Filtration, Trocknung und Wägung der Substanz umfasst.
An example of a Gravimetrical Analyzing Process is the determination of sulfate content in a sample by precipitating it as barium sulfate, filtering, drying, and weighing the precipitate.
Schleifmaschine
grinding machine
A Grinding Machine is a Forming Machine that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the surface of a workpiece, typically for finishing or precision work.
Eine Schleifmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die ein Schleifrad verwendet, um Material von der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks zu entfernen, typischerweise für Feinarbeiten oder Präzisionsarbeiten.
Halterungsklemmen
grips
Diese Gerät beschreibt ein Bauelement / Teil, mit dem etwas, normalerweise ein materielles Objekt, fest gegriffen oder eingespannt wird. Typischerweise sind Halterungen, Klemm- bzw. Spannsysteme Teil eines Befestigungssystems (Prozessknoten), das sich auf ein Prüfsystem bezieht.
This device is a part by which something, usually a tangible object, is grasped. Typically, grips are part of a mounting system (processing node) referring to a testing system.
Bügelsäge
hacksaw
A hacksaw is a hand saw designed for cutting various materials, particularly metal. It consists of a fine-toothed blade, tensioned in a frame, and a handle. The frame of a hacksaw is typically C-shaped, allowing the blade to be easily replaced when necessary. Hacksaws are commonly used in metalworking and other applications where a controlled and precise cut through metal is required. The fine teeth on the hacksaw blade enable it to cut through metal with efficiency, and the tensioned frame provides stability during the cutting process. Hacksaws are versatile tools and are often used for tasks such as cutting pipes, rods, and metal sheets. They are available in different sizes and tooth configurations to suit various cutting needs.
Eine Bügelsäge ist eine Art Handsäge zum Schneiden verschiedener Materialien, insbesondere Metall. Sie besteht aus einem fein gezahnten Blatt, das in einem Rahmen gespannt ist, und einem Griff. Der Rahmen einer Bügelsäge ist in der Regel C-förmig, so dass das Blatt bei Bedarf leicht ausgewechselt werden kann. Bügelsägen werden häufig bei der Metallbearbeitung und anderen Anwendungen eingesetzt, bei denen ein kontrollierter und präziser Schnitt durch Metall erforderlich ist. Die feinen Zähne des Sägeblatts ermöglichen ein effizientes Schneiden durch Metall, und der gespannte Rahmen sorgt für Stabilität während des Schneidens. Bügelsägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und werden häufig für Aufgaben wie das Schneiden von Rohren, Stangen und Blechen verwendet. Sie sind in verschiedenen Größen und Zahnkonfigurationen erhältlich, um verschiedenen Schneidanforderungen gerecht zu werden.
half-life
The half-life is a process attribute describing the time it takes for a material entity or a quality of a material entity to reduce its initial value to a half
radioactive decay, material degradation
hand holdable disposition
in der Hand haltbar
Disposion eines Objektes, das per Hand gehalten, betrieben oder verwendet werden kann.
Disposition of an object that can be hold, operated or used manually.
Handkreissäge
hand circular saw
A handheld circular saw is a portable circular saw that is guided by hand. It is well suited for precise cuts in construction and woodwork.
Die Handkreissäge is eine tragbare Kreissäge, die von Hand geführt wird. Sie eignet sich gut für präzise Schnitte bei Bau- und Holzarbeiten.
Handsäge
handsaw
Die Handsäge ist eine manuell betriebene Säge, die dazu dient, verschiedene Materialien, insbesondere Holz, zu schneiden. Diese Art von Säge besteht typischerweise aus einem langen, dünnen Blatt mit Zähnen, das an einem Griff befestigt ist. Der Griff ermöglicht es dem Benutzer, die Säge von Hand zu führen und den Schnitt durch Vor- und Zurückbewegen des Blatts zu erzeugen. Handsägen sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen erhältlich, je nach der beabsichtigten Anwendung. Es gibt beispielsweise Handsägen für Holz, Metall oder Kunststoff, und sie können unterschiedliche Zahngeometrien und Blattlängen aufweisen, um optimal auf verschiedene Schneidanforderungen abgestimmt zu sein.
The handsaw is a manually operated saw that is used to cut various materials, especially wood. This type of saw typically consists of a long, thin blade with teeth attached to a handle. The handle allows the user to guide the saw by hand and make the cut by moving the blade back and forth. Handsaws are available in different designs, depending on the intended application. For example, there are handsaws for wood, metal or plastic, and they can have different tooth geometries and blade lengths to best suit different cutting requirements.
Verfestigen Durch Umformen
hardening by forming
A Changing Properties Of Material process, that involves altering material properties by mechanical deformation.
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die Eigenschaften des Materials durch mechanische Verformung verändert.
Sheet Metal Rolling to Achieve Higher Strength.
hardness
The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.
Härteprüfgerät
hardness tester
A Hardness Tester is a Hardness Testing Machine that measures the resistance of a material to deformation, typically by indentation.
Ein Härteprüfgerät ist eine Härteprüfmaschine, die den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung, typischerweise durch Eindrücken, misst.
Härteprüfmaschine
hardness testing machine
A device used to measure the hardness of materials through various testing methods such as indentation or scratch tests.
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Härte von Materialien durch verschiedene Prüfmethoden wie Eindrück- oder Kratzversuche.
Härteprüfverfahren
hardness testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures a material's resistance to deformation, typically using indentation methods to determine hardness.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung misst und typischerweise Eindringverfahren verwendet, um die Härte zu bestimmen.
Hardness testing of steel using the Rockwell method to classify its grade for industrial applications.
heat capacity
The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.
Official definition can be found in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Page 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Seite 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
Wärmebehandlung
heat treatment
Wärmebehandeln
A Changing Properties of Materials process in which a solid (ferrous) product is fully or partially exposed to specific time-temperature sequences through a series of process steps with the aim of modifying its properties and/or its internal structure.
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem durch eine Reihe von Verfahrensschritten ein festes (Eisen-)Produkt ganz oder teilweise bestimmten Zeit-Temperatur-Abfolgen ausgesetzt wird, mit dem Ziel, seine Eigenschaften und/oder seine innere Struktur zu modifizieren.
Annealing, Ageing, Hardening
Wärmebehandlungsgerät
heat treatment device
A device used for treating materials through heating and cooling processes to alter their properties.
Ein Gerät zur Behandlung von Materialien durch Erwärmungs- und Abkühlungsprozesse zur Veränderung ihrer Eigenschaften.
Wärmebehandlungsfunktion
heat treatment function
A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien durch kontrollierte Wärme- und Abkühlungsprozesse zu verändern.
Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie Verfahren
high-performance liquid chromatography process
A Chromatography Process that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a liquid sample using high pressure to pass the sample through a column packed with a stationary phase.
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Komponenten in einer flüssigen Probe trennt, identifiziert und quantifiziert, indem hoher Druck verwendet wird, um die Probe durch eine mit einer stationären Phase gefüllte Säule zu leiten.
High-performance liquid chromatography is used to analyze the purity and concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in a formulation.
Hochdurchsatzsimulation
high throughput simulation
A Simulation Process that performs a large number of simulations automatically to explore a wide range of conditions.
Ein Simulationsprozess, der eine große Anzahl von Simulationen automatisch durchführt, um eine breite Palette von Bedingungen zu erkunden.
Screening thousands of potential material compounds to identify those with optimal properties for battery applications.
Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographiesystem
high performance liquid chromatography system
A device used for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in liquid samples through high performance liquid chromatography.
Ein Gerät zur Trennung, Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in Flüssigkeitsproben durch Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie.
Hochtemperatur-Gaschromatographiesystem
high temperature gas chromatography system
A device used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture at high temperatures using a chromatographic column.
Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch bei hohen Temperaturen unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule.
hybrid simulation
a simulation approach that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior.
Schlagprüfverfahren
impact testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines a material's ability to absorb energy and withstand impact forces, typically using pendulum or drop-weight testers.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bestimmt, Energie zu absorbieren und Schlagkräfte zu widerstehen, typischerweise unter Verwendung von Pendel- oder Fallgewichtsprüfgeräten.
Impact testing of helmet materials to ensure they provide adequate protection against head injuries.
indentation hardness
The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness.
index of refraction
The index of refraction is an optical property representing a measure of how much light bends when passing through a material, affecting its optical properties.
Induktionsofen
induction furnace
An Induction Furnace is a Furnace that heats materials using electromagnetic induction, generating heat directly within the material.
Ein Induktionsofen ist ein Ofen, der Materialien durch elektromagnetische Induktion erhitzt, wobei die Wärme direkt im Material erzeugt wird.
initiator role
An initiator role is a role describing the position or function responsible for starting or catalyzing a process, often related to material testing or experiments.
Spritzgießmaschine
injection molding machine
An Injection Molding Machine is a Device used to produce plastic parts by injecting molten plastic into molds under high pressure.
Eine Spritzgießmaschine ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Kunststoffteile durch Einspritzen von geschmolzenem Kunststoff in Formen unter hohem Druck herzustellen.
Ionenaustauschchromatographie Verfahren
ion exchange chromatography process
A Chromatography Process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge by using an ion exchange resin to attract and retain the ions from the sample.
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Ionen und polare Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Ladung trennt, indem ein Ionenaustauscherharz verwendet wird, um die Ionen aus der Probe anzuziehen und zu halten.
Ion exchange chromatography is used to purify and separate proteins in a solution for material characterization.
Ionenaustausch-Chromatographiesystem
ion exchange chromatography system
A device used for separating ions in a sample using ion exchange resins in a chromatographic column.
Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Ionen in einer Probe unter Verwendung von Ionenaustauschharzen in einer chromatographischen Säule.
Ionenmikroskop
ion microscope
A device that uses ions to create high-resolution images of the surface or structure of a sample.
Ein Gerät, das Ionen verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen.
Ionenmikroskopie
ion microscopy
A Microscopy Process that uses a focused beam of ions to image a specimen, providing high-resolution images and compositional information, often used for surface analysis and depth profiling.
Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen fokussierten Ionenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild einer Probe zu erzeugen, hochauflösende Bilder und Zusammensetzungsinformationen liefert und häufig für Oberflächenanalysen und Tiefenprofilierung verwendet wird.
An example of an ion microscopy process is Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), which offers high-resolution imaging with minimal sample damage, or Field Ion Microscopy, which provides atomic-level resolution imaging by using a strong electric field to ionize atoms at the surface of a sharp tip, or Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), which allows for high-precision material removal and imaging by using a focused beam of ions to mill the sample surface while simultaneously capturing detailed SEM images.
Ionen-Spektrometer
ion spectrometer
A device used for analyzing ions in a sample to determine their composition and concentration.
Ein Gerät zur Analyse von Ionen in einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung und Konzentration.
Ionenspektroskopie
ion spectroscopy
A Spectroscopy Process, that analyzes the properties and behavior of ions in a sample by measuring their interaction with electromagnetic fields or other ions.
Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Ionen in einer Probe analysiert, indem es ihre Wechselwirkung mit elektromagnetischen Feldern oder anderen Ionen misst.
Examples are e.g. ion mobility spectroscopy, ion-beam spectroscopy.
Bestrahlen
irradiating
A Changing Properties Of Material process that employs radiation exposure, to alter and enhance a material's physical or chemical attributes.
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials durch Bestrahlung verändert und verbessert werden.
Polymer Curing
irradiation process
An irradiation process is a process in which a radiation source (bearing a stimulus role) emits radiation towards a material entity (bearing the target role)
Irradiationsgerät
irradiation device
A device used for exposing materials to radiation to induce changes in their properties.
Ein Gerät zum Aussetzen von Materialien gegenüber Strahlung zur Induktion von Veränderungen ihrer Eigenschaften.
Irradiationsfunktion
irradiation function
A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien Strahlung auszusetzen, um deren Eigenschaften zu verändern.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
Fügen
joining
A manufacturing process that enables the continuous bonding or joining of two or more workpieces with a specific, fixed shape or of such workpieces with a shapeless material, whereby the cohesion is created at specific points and reinforced overall.
Ein Herstellungsprozess, der das dauerhafte Verbinden oder das Zusammenfügen von zwei oder mehr Werkstücken mit spezifischer, fester Form oder von solchen Werkstücken mit einem formlosen Material ermöglicht, wobei der Zusammenhalt an spezifischen Stellen erzeugt und insgesamt verstärkt wird.
Joining By Welding, Assembling
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-4
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-4
Fügen durch Urformen
joining by primary shaping
Joining By Master Forming
A joining process that involves creating a part or component in its final shape from a liquid or semi-liquid material.
Ein Fügeverfahren, bei dem ein Teil oder eine Komponente aus einem flüssigen oder halbflüssigen Material in seine endgültige Form gebracht wird.
Pouring, Embedding, Encasing
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-5
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-5
Fügen Durch Umformen
joining by shaping
Joining By Forming
A joining process that involves deforming one or more components to achieve a mechanical interlock or fit, commonly used for press-fit joints, crimping, or swaging.
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem eine oder mehrere Komponenten verformt werden, um eine mechanische Verriegelung oder Passung zu erreichen, die üblicherweise für Pressverbindungen, Crimpen oder Schmieden verwendet wird.
Joining By Riveting, Joining By Forming Wire-Shaped Bodies
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-7
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-7
Fügen Durch Löten
joining by soldering
A joining process that involves using a filler material (solder) to join metal parts by melting the solder between them without melting the base materials, a technique widely used in electronics and plumbing. This process creates a strong, conductive bond suitable for various applications.
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial (Lot) verwendet wird, um Metallteile zu verbinden, indem das Lot zwischen ihnen geschmolzen wird, ohne die Grundmaterialien zu schmelzen. Diese Technik wird häufig in der Elektronik und im Sanitärbereich eingesetzt. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine starke, leitfähige Verbindung, die für verschiedene Anwendungen geeignet ist.
Joint Soft Soldering, Joint Hard Soldering
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-6
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-6
Fügen Durch Schweißen
joining by welding
A joining process that involves fusing two or more metal parts by applying heat, pressure, or both, often with the addition of a filler material. This method creates a permanent and strong bond, essential in manufacturing and construction for durable structures and components.
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem zwei oder mehr Metallteile durch Anwendung von Hitze, Druck oder beidem verschmolzen werden, oft unter Zugabe eines Füllstoffs. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine dauerhafte und starke Verbindung, die in der Fertigung und im Bauwesen für dauerhafte Strukturen und Komponenten unerlässlich ist.
Pressure Welding, Fusion Welding
Verbindungsgerät
joining device
A general device used for joining materials through various methods, including welding and soldering.
Ein allgemeines Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden, einschließlich Schweißen und Löten.
Verbindungsfunktion
joining function
A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering.
Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden wie Schweißen oder Löten zu verbinden.
Messer
knife
A tool with a sharp edge, typically made of metal, used for cutting food, materials, or other substances.
Ein Werkzeug mit einer scharfen Schneide, üblicherweise aus Metall, das zum Schneiden von Lebensmitteln, Materialien oder anderen Substanzen verwendet wird.
“Laboratory.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/laboratory. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
Labor
laboratory
A place equipped for experimental study in a science or for testing and analysis.
issue: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/101
laboratory role
A laboratory role is a role specifying the functions or activities specific to experimental and analytical tasks performed in a laboratory setting.
Laserspektroskopie
laser spectroscopy
A Spectroscopy Process, that uses laser light to probe the properties of materials.
Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das Laserlicht verwendet, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen.
Examples are e.g. laser absorption spectroscopy, laser emission spectroscopy, ultra-fast laser spectroscopy.
Laserschneider
lasercutter
A device that utilizes laser beams to create precise cuts in various materials such as wood, plastic, metal, etc.
Ein Gerät, das Laserstrahlen verwendet, um präzise Schnitte in verschiedenen Materialien wie Holz, Kunststoff, Metall usw. zu erzeugen.
Drehmaschine
lathe
A Lathe is a Device that rotates a workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation.
Eine Drehmaschine ist ein Gerät, das ein Werkstück um seine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung durchzuführen.
Lichtmikroskopie
light microscopy
An Optical Microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and visualize specimens, enabling the study of the microstructure and morphology of materials.
Ein optisches Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um Proben zu vergrößern und zu visualisieren, wodurch die Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ermöglicht wird.
An example of a light microscopy process is Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, which uses laser light to scan specimens and create high-resolution, three-dimensional images. Another example is Fluorescence Microscopy, which uses fluorescent dyes to label specific components of the specimen, allowing for the visualization of structures that are otherwise difficult to see. A third example is Polarized Light Microscopy, which utilizes polarized light to enhance contrast in samples with birefringent properties, such as crystalline materials.
Kraftmessdose
load cell
A load cell converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can be measured and standardized. It is a force transducer. As the force applied to the load cell increases, the electrical signal changes proportionally. The most common types of load cell are pneumatic, hydraulic, and strain gauges.
Maschinelles Lernen
machine learning
A Simulation Process that uses algorithms to enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.
Ein Simulationsprozess, der Algorithmen verwendet, um Computern das Lernen aus Daten und das Treffen von Vorhersagen zu ermöglichen.
Predicting the mechanical properties of composite materials based on their composition.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0
Spanen Mit Geometrisch Bestimmten Schneiden
machining geometrically defined
A Seperating process that involves removing material with a tool that has a defined shape and sharp edges, such as in sawing and drilling operations.
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit einem Werkzeug mit definierter Form und scharfen Kanten entfernt wird, wie z. B. beim Sägen und Bohren.
Drilling, Turning
Spanen Mit Geometrisch Unbestimmten Schneiden
machining geometrically undefined
A Seperating process that involves removing material using tools with undefined cutting edges, such as grinding or abrasive machining, where the exact shape of the cutting part isn't clearly defined.
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit Werkzeugen mit undefinierten Schneiden abgetragen wird, wie z. B. beim Schleifen oder bei der abrasiven Bearbeitung, bei der die genaue Form des zu schneidenden Teils nicht klar definiert ist.
Grinding, Blasting
magnetic property
A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity.
Magnetisieren
magnetizing
A Changing Properties Of Material process in which ferromagnetic materials are exposed to an external magnetic field, causing the material to take on magnetic properties.
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem ferromagnetische Stoffe einem äußeren Magnetfeld ausgesetzt werden wodurch der Stoff magnetische Eigenschaften übernimmt.
Static Magnetization, Pulse Magnetization.
Magnetisierungsgerät
magnetizing device
A device used for inducing a magnetic field in materials to alter their magnetic properties.
Ein Gerät zur Induktion eines Magnetfelds in Materialien, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern.
Magnetisierungsfunktion
magnetizing function
A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um ein Magnetfeld in Materialien zu induzieren, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern.
Magnetische Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
magneto electrical property analyzing process
An assay that investigates the magnetic and electrical properties of materials, including conductivity, resistivity, permittivity, permeability, and magnetization.
Eine Analyse, die die magnetischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, Permittivität, Permeabilität und Magnetisierung.
Fertigungsfunktion
manufacturing function
A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components.
Eine Funktion, die in Geräten oder Prozessen besteht, die zur Herstellung oder Montage von Waren oder Komponenten verwendet werden.
Herstellungsprozess
manufacturing process
A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess.
map
A map is a 2-D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions.
Massenspektrometer
mass spectrometer
A device used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify compounds in a sample.
Ein Gerät zur Messung des Massen-zu-Ladung-Verhältnisses von Ionen zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in einer Probe.
Massenspektroskopie
mass spectrometry
A Spectroscopy Process, that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules in a sample.
Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das das Masse-zu-Ladung-Verhältnis von Ionen misst, um Moleküle in einer Probe zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren.
Examples are e.g. time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, particle beam mass spectrometry.
matrix role
Matrix is the role of a PortionOfConnectedMatter that implies to host the Filler.
Messfunktion
measuring function
A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um das Ausmaß, die Menge oder den Zustand einer physikalischen Eigenschaft zu bestimmen.
mechanical property
A mechanical property is a material property that inheres in a material M when an object O_target that consists of M is stimulated in a process through an interaction with an object O_stimulus and M changes its stress/strain/..(mechanical?) SDCs. TODO: Check general class axiom and defintion altogether !!!
Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
mechanical property analyzing process
An assay that evaluates the mechanical characteristics of materials, such as strength, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties, often through tests that measure response to forces and loads.
Eine Analyse, die die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Festigkeit, Härte, Elastizität und Zugfestigkeit, oft durch Tests, die die Reaktion auf Kräfte und Lasten messen.
melting point
The melting point is a phase boundary described by the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid under standard atmospheric pressure.
metal
A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.
metallographic texture
The metallographic texture is a morphological quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains and phases in a metallic material, observed through metallographic analysis.
Bügelmessschraube
micrometer gauge
A measuring device for making precise measurements having a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw.
Diese Entität beschreibt ein Werkzeug zur Durchführung präziser Messungen mit einer Spindel, die durch eine Feingewindeschraube bewegt wird.
Mikroskop
microscope
A device used to magnify and view small objects or details that are not visible to the naked eye.
Ein Gerät zur Vergrößerung und Betrachtung kleiner Objekte oder Details, die mit bloßem Auge nicht sichtbar sind.
Mikroskopie Verfahren
microscopy process
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that uses various types of microscopy techniques to visualize and analyze the microstructure and morphology of materials at different scales.
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das verschiedene Arten von Mikroskopietechniken verwendet, um die Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu visualisieren und zu analysieren.
Examples of Microscopy Processes include Electron Microscopy, which provides detailed images at high resolution; Ion Microscopy, which offers high-precision imaging and material milling capabilites; and Optical Microscopy, which uses visible light to study e.g. the microstructure of materials.
Mikroskopie
microstructure
The microstructure represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope.
Mikrotom
microtome
A Microtome is a Measuring Device that cuts extremely thin slices of material, often for examination under a microscope.
A device used to cut extremely thin slices of material, often for microscopic examination.
Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um extrem dünne Scheiben von Material zu schneiden, oft für mikroskopische Untersuchungen.
Ein Mikrotom ist ein Messgerät, das extrem dünne Scheiben von Material schneidet, oft zur Untersuchung unter einem Mikroskop.
Fräsmaschine
milling machine
A Milling Machine is a Device that performs machining operations to remove material from a workpiece using rotary cutters.
Eine Fräsmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Bearbeitungsoperationen durchführt, um Material von einem Werkstück mithilfe von Fräsern zu entfernen.
mohs hardness
Mohs Hardness is a scalar (scale) used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another.
Monte Carlo Simulation
monte carlo simulation
A Simulation Process that uses random sampling to solve physical and mathematical problems.
Ein Simulationsprozess, der zufällige Stichproben verwendet, um physikalische und mathematische Probleme zu lösen.
Predicting the diffusion behavior of atoms in a metal at high temperatures.
morphological property
A morphological property is a material property representing the characteristics of a material's structure, such as shape, size, and distribution of its features.
Multimodales Deep Learning
multimodal deep learning
A Deep Learning process that integrates and processes data from multiple modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio) to improve performance and gain a more comprehensive understanding.
Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Daten aus mehreren Modalitäten (z.B. Text, Bilder und Audio) integriert und verarbeitet, um die Leistung zu verbessern und ein umfassenderes Verständnis zu erlangen.
Combining microscopy images and spectroscopic data to predict the properties of new materials more accurately.
Multiskalensimulation
multiscale simulation
A Simulation Process that integrates models at different scales to study a system's behavior.
Ein Simulationsprozess, der Modelle auf verschiedenen Skalen integriert, um das Verhalten eines Systems zu untersuchen.
Studying the interaction between microstructural and macroscopic properties in metallic alloys.
Nanoindentationsverfahren
nanoindentation process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Processs that measures the hardness and elastic modulus of materials at the nanoscale using a sharp indenter.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Härte und den elastischen Modulus von Materialien im Nanomaßstab mittels eines scharfen Eindringkörpers misst.
Nanoindentation of thin films to evaluate their mechanical properties for use in microelectronic devices.
natural organic material
Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.
occurence of chemical reaction
The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.
occurence of electic field
The occurrence of (an) electric field is a process describing the presence or generation of an electric field in a material or system.
occurence of magnetic field
The occurrence of (a) magenetic field is a process describing the presence or generation of a magnetic field in a material or system.
operator role
An operator role is a role indicating responsibility for operating equipment or systems, typically in a laboratory or manufacturing setting.
Optisches Mikroskop
optical microscope
A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and view small objects or details.
Ein Mikroskop, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um kleine Objekte oder Details zu vergrößern und zu betrachten.
Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um eine Probe zu vergrößern und abzubilden, und weit verbreitet zur Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ist.
Optische Mikroskopie
optical microscopy
A Microscopy Process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and image a specimen, widely used for examining the microstructure and morphology of materials.
An example is Light Microscopy.
Optisches Profilometer
optical profilometer
An Optical Profilometer is a device that measures surface profiles and roughness by analyzing the interference patterns of light reflected from a specimen's surface.
Ein optisches Profilometer ist ein Gerät, das Oberflächenprofile und Rauheit misst, indem es die Interferenzmuster von Licht analysiert, das von der Oberfläche eines Präparats reflektiert wird.
optical property
An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.
Optische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
optical property analyzing process
An assay that assesses the optical characteristics of materials, such as refractive index, absorption, transmission, reflectivity, and luminescence.
Eine Analyse, die die optischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Brechungsindex, Absorption, Transmission, Reflexion und Lumineszenz.
passing of time
Passing of time is a process that describes the progression of time, which can influence material aging and property changes.
person
A person is a human being.
phase boundary
A phase boundary is a morphological property denoting the interface between two distinct phases of a material, such as solid-liquid or liquid-gas boundaries.
Photochemische Verfahren
photochemical process
A Changing Properties Of Material process in which light, typically ultraviolet (UV) light is used to trigger chemical reactions. In the printing industry and some additive manufacturing methods, this light exposure is used to harden photoresists or cure inks and resins. The process relies on the specific wavelengths of light to initiate chemical changes in the material.
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem Licht, in der Regel ultraviolettes (UV) Licht, zur Auslösung chemischer Reaktionen verwendet wird. In der Druckindustrie und bei einigen additiven Fertigungsverfahren wird diese Lichteinwirkung zur Härtung von Fotolacken oder zur Aushärtung von Tinten und Harzen verwendet. Das Verfahren beruht auf den spezifischen Wellenlängen des Lichts, um chemische Veränderungen im Material auszulösen.
Exposure
physical simulation
a simulating approach describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions.
pole figure
A pole figure is a map representing a graphical representation of the orientation of crystallographic planes in a polycrystalline sample.
Poliermaschine
polishing machine
A Polishing Machine is a Forming Machine that smooths the surface of a material by rubbing it with a tool, abrasive, or chemical.
Eine Poliermaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die die Oberfläche eines Materials durch Reiben mit einem Werkzeug, Schleifmittel oder Chemikalien glättet.
polymer
A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
pore growth
Pore Growth is an evolution of damagfe describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties.
connected material entity aggregate
A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body
disconnected material entity aggregate
A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital
powder
A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggragate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted.
Präzisionsdrehmaschine
precision lathe
A Precision Lathe is a Lathe that rotates a workpiece about an axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation with extreme accuracy.
Eine Präzisionsdrehmaschine ist eine Drehmaschine, die ein Werkstück um eine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung mit extremer Genauigkeit durchzuführen.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-3
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-3
Anpressen - Einpressen
pressing on - in
A joining process that involves mechanically pressing one component into or onto another to create a secure fit, thereby establishing a strong mechanical connection.
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Bauteil mechanisch in oder auf ein anderes gepresst wird, um eine sichere Passung und damit eine feste mechanische Verbindung herzustellen.
Clamps, Brackets, Wedging
The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
pressure
The pressure is a thermodynamic quality describing the force exerted per unit area on a material.
Druckmessfunktion
pressure measuring function
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids.
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um den Druck von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten zu bestimmen.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
Urformen
primary shaping
Primary Forming
A manufacturing process that creates a defined workpiece from shapeless material by producing cohesion, whereby the characteristic properties of the material become visible in the end product.
Ein Herstellungsprozess, der aus formlosem Stoff durch das Herstellen von Kohäsion ein definiertes Werkstück schafft, wobei die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Materials im Endprodukt sichtbar werden.
Casting, Sintering
Urformen Durch Additive Fertigung
primary shaping by additive manufacturing
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials through additive manufacturing techniques.
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch additive Fertigungstechniken beinhaltet.
3D printing of polymer objects.
Urformen Durch Schweissen
primary shaping by welding
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials by welding.
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch Schweißen beinhaltet.
Fabrication of steel structures using welding techniques.
Urformen Aus Dem Spanförmigen Oder Faserförmigen Zustand
primary shaping from the chip or fiber state
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a chip or fiber state.
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem span- oder faserförmigen Zustand beinhaltet.
Compression molding of wood chips into particle boards.
Urformen Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand
primary shaping from the gaseous or vapor state
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a gaseous or vapor state.
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for thin film production.
Urformen Aus Dem Körnerförmigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand
primary shaping from the granular or powdered state
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a granular or powdered state.
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet.
Powder metallurgy for creating metal parts.
Urformen Aus DemIonisierten Zustand
primary shaping from the ionized state
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from an ionized state.
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet.
Plasma arc welding.
Urformen Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand
primary shaping from the liquid state
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a liquid state.
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet.
Casting of molten metal into molds.
Urformen Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand
primary shaping from the plastic state
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a plastic state.
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet.
Thermoforming of plastic sheets.
Urformen Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand
primary shaping from the pulpy or pasty state
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials through the transition from a pulpy or pasty state into a solid form.
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch den Übergang aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand in eine feste Form beinhaltet.
Pottery
Projekt
project
A series of goal-orientated (intent) activities and interactions to achieve a specific outcome.
Eine Reihe von zielorientierten (absichtlichen) Aktivitäten und Interaktionen, um ein bestimmtes Ergebnis zu erzielen.
rebound hardness
The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material.
reflectivity
The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects.
Reinforcement Learning
reinforcement learning
A Deep Learning process that involves training models to make sequences of decisions by rewarding desired actions and punishing undesired ones.
Ein Deep Learning Prozess, der Modelle darin trainiert, Abfolgen von Entscheidungen zu treffen, indem gewünschte Aktionen belohnt und unerwünschte bestraft werden.
Using RL to optimize the process parameters in additive manufacturing (3D printing) to achieve the desired material properties and reduce defects.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8590
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8590
Abtragen
removing
A Seperating process that involves removing material through thermical, chemical and electrochemical methods.
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material durch thermische, chemische und elektrochemische Methoden abgetragen wird.
Electrical Discharge Machining, Thermal Ablation
responding process
The responding process is a process describing the reaction of a material or system to an applied stimulus.
Rheologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
rheological property analyzing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines the flow and deformation behavior of materials under applied forces, including viscosity, elasticity, and plasticity, often through rheometry and viscometry techniques.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Deformationsverhalten von Materialien unter Einwirkung von Kräften bestimmt, einschließlich Viskosität, Elastizität und Plastizität, oft durch Rheometrie- und Viskosimetrie-Techniken.
Rheometer
rheometer
A device used to measure the flow and deformation properties of materials, particularly liquids and semi-solids.
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Fließ- und Verformungseigenschaften von Materialien, insbesondere von Flüssigkeiten und Halbfeststoffen.
Rheometry
rheometry
A Rheological Property Analyzing Process that measures the flow and deformation behavior of materials, including complex fluids and soft solids, to provide comprehensive data on viscoelastic properties using rheometers.
Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Verformungsverhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich komplexer Flüssigkeiten und weicher Feststoffe, um umfassende Daten zu viskoelastischen Eigenschaften unter Verwendung von Rheometern zu liefern.
ANMERKUNG: Ein Sample ist ein Teil (oder das Ganze) eines Probestücks. Das Probestück wird bei der Herstellung eines industriell verwendeten Produktes gezielt für die Überprüfung des Produkteigenschaften bereitgestellt. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert.
In certain cases, the sample can be the specimen or the test piece itself.
Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) unmittelbar als Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probe dienen.
NOTE: A Sample is a part (or the whole) of a Sample product. The Sample product is specifically produced portion of an industrially used and traded product for the purpose of determining the properties/quality of the product. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
Probe-Rolle
sample role
Role of an object, which is a quantity of material taken from a (sample) product, that is sufficient for the purpose of obtaining test pieces.
Rolle eines Objektes, das eine von einem Probestück/Material entnommene Menge ist, welche (vom Umfang her) geeignet ist Proben (Test Pieces) herzustellen.
saw
A saw is a device used to cut materials, especially wood. It usually consists of a thin, sharp metal blade fitted with teeth and a handle or frame that allows the user to guide the saw. There are different types of saws designed for different applications, including handsaws, circular saws, hacksaws and band saws. Each type of saw is designed for specific tasks and materials to enable efficient cutting.
Eine Säge ist ein Gerät, das zum Zerteilen von Materialien, insbesondere von Holz, verwendet wird. Sie besteht in der Regel aus einem dünnen, scharfen Metallblatt, das mit Zähnen versehen ist, und einem Griff oder Rahmen, der es dem Benutzer ermöglicht, die Säge zu führen. Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Sägen, die für verschiedene Anwendungen konzipiert sind, darunter Handsägen, Kreissägen, Bügelsägen und Bandsägen. Jede Art von Säge ist auf bestimmte Aufgaben und Materialien abgestimmt, um effizientes Schneiden zu ermöglichen.
Säge
Rasterelektronenmikroskop
scanning electron microscope
A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is a Measuring Device that produces high-resolution images of a sample surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons.
Ein Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) ist ein Messgerät, das hochauflösende Bilder einer Probenoberfläche erzeugt, indem es sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl abtastet.
Schere
pair of scissors
A tool with two sharp blades that are brought together by pressure on the handles to cut paper, fabric, or other materials.
Ein Werkzeug mit zwei scharfen Klingen, die durch Druck auf die Griffe zusammengeführt werden, um Papier, Stoff oder andere Materialien zu schneiden.
A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
scratch hardness
The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
Kratzprüfmaschine
scratch testing machine
A device used to test the scratch resistance of materials by applying a scratching force.
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Kratzfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Kratzkraft.
Ritzhärteprüfverfahren
scratch testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates a material's resistance to scratching, measuring hardness and adhesion properties.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Kratzer bewertet und seine Härte- und Haftungseigenschaften misst.
Scratch testing of a coated surface to determine the adhesion quality of the coating to the substrate.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition
Trennen
separating
A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion.
Ein Herstellungsprozess, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Objekten aufgehoben wird, was zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Verringerung der Kohäsion führt.
Disassembling, Removal
Cutting
Schubprüfmaschine
shear testing machine
A device used to measure the shear strength of materials by applying a shearing force and measuring deformation.
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Scherfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Schubkraft und Messung der Verformung.
Schubprüfverfahren
shear testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures a material's response to shear forces, determining its shear strength and shear modulus.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Scherkräfte misst und seine Scherfestigkeit und seinen Schermodul bestimmt.
Shear testing of rivets to ensure they can hold structural components together under lateral loads.
simulation method specification
A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions.
Simulationsknoten
simulation device
A processing node that implements foo as well as consumes and creates simulation objects and parameters.
Simulationsprozess
simulation process
A Computing Process that models the behavior of a system over time using mathematical or computational techniques.
Ein Datenverarbeitungsprozess, der das Verhalten eines Systems im Laufe der Zeit mit mathematischen oder rechnerischen Techniken modelliert
Sintern
sintering
A changing properties of materials process in which granular and powdery materials, which have already been shaped in the first step, are mixed and combined and compacted by heating.
Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, bei dem körnige und pulverförmige Stoffe, welche im ersten Schritt bereits in Form gebracht wurden, vermischt und durch Erwärmung verbunden und verdichtet werden.
Metal Powder Sintering, Ceramic Sintering
Formatkreissäge
sizing saw
A sizing saw is an industrial circular saw designed for large cutting formats in woodworking and furniture production.
Eine Formatkreissäge ist eine industrielle Kreissäge, die für große Schnittformate in der Holzverarbeitung und Möbelherstellung ausgelegt ist.
Schlitten
slide
A moving piece that is guided by a part along its path, providing the mount for objects.
Lötgerät
soldering device
A device used for joining materials together by melting and applying a filler metal.
Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen und Auftragen eines Füllmetalls.
Lötfunktion
soldering function
A subfunction of joining performed to connect materials using soldering techniques.
Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Löttechniken zu verbinden.
Abplatzprüfmaschine
spalling testing machine
A device used to test the resistance of materials to spalling or flaking under various conditions.
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Materialien gegenüber Abplatzungen oder Abblätterungen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen.
Abplatzprüfverfahren
spalling testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the resistance of a material to surface spalling or flaking under high impact or thermal stresses.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen Oberflächenabplatzungen oder Abblättern unter hohen Stoß- oder thermischen Belastungen bewertet.
Spalling testing of refractory bricks used in furnaces to ensure their longevity and performance under extreme conditions.
specific surface area
The specific surface area is a morphologic quality describing the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.
Spektrometer
spectrometer
A Spectrometer is a Measuring Device that measures the properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically to analyze the composition of a material.
Ein Spektrometer ist ein Messgerät, das die Eigenschaften von Licht über einen bestimmten Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums misst, typischerweise zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung eines Materials.
Spektroskopie Verfahren
spectroscopy process
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that measures the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter to determine e.g. the composition, structure, and other properties of materials.
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit Materie misst, um die Zusammensetzung, Struktur und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Materialien zu bestimmen.
spectrum
A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation.
speed of sound
The speed of sound is an accoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties.
stiffness
The stiffness is a mechanical property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.
stimulating process
The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.
stochastic simulation
a simulation approach that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes.
strength
The strength is a mechanical property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.
structural and chemical decay
The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions.
structural material
A Structural Material S is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying.
Strukturoptimierungssimulation
structural optimization simulation
A Simulation Process that aims to find the most stable structure of a molecular system by minimizing its energy.
Ein Simulationsprozess, der darauf abzielt, die stabilste Struktur eines molekularen Systems durch Minimierung seiner Energie zu finden.
Optimizing the atomic structure of a catalyst to enhance its performance.
Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
structural property analyzing process
An assay that examines the external and internal structure and morphology of materials, including the arrangement of atoms, crystals, grains, and phases, often using techniques like microscopy and diffraction.
Eine Analyse, die die äußere und innere Struktur und Morphologie von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich der Anordnung von Atomen, Kristallen, Körnern und Phasen, oft unter Verwendung von Techniken wie Mikroskopie und Beugung.
Einstellungsgegenstandsrolle
subject of adjustment role
Role of a device that is being adjusted. The role is realized in an adjustment process.
Rolle eines Gerätes (Einstellungsgegenstand), das eingestellt wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert.
Kalibrierungsgegenstandsrolle
subject of calibration role
Role of a device that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process.
Rolle eines Gerätes (Kalibrierungsgegenstand), das kalibriert wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert.
sublimation point
The sublimation point is a phase boundary that describes the temperature at which a material transitions directly from a solid to a gaseous state without passing through the liquid phase.
supercritical fluid chromatography process
Überkritische Fluidchromatographie Verfahren
A Chromatography Process that utilizes a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase to separate components, offering higher speed and efficiency compared to traditional methods.
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das ein überkritisches Fluid als mobile Phase verwendet, um Komponenten zu trennen, und im Vergleich zu traditionellen Methoden eine höhere Geschwindigkeit und Effizienz bietet.
Supercritical fluid chromatography is used to separate and analyze complex mixtures of polymers and plastics.
supercritical fluid chromatography system
Überkritisches Fluid-Chromatographiesystem
A device used for separating and analyzing compounds using supercritical fluids as the mobile phase in chromatography.
Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen unter Verwendung von überkritischen Flüssigkeiten als mobile Phase in der Chromatographie.
supervised learning
A Machine Learning process that learns a function mapping from input data to labeled output data.
Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der eine Funktion erlernt, die Eingabedaten auf beschriftete Ausgabedaten abbildet.
Training a model to predict the tensile strength of a material based on its composition and manufacturing process parameters. This involves using a dataset where the tensile strength is already known (labeled data) to train the model.
surface layer (fiat object part)
A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process.
When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal.
Oberflächenprofilometer
surface profilometer
A device used to measure the surface profile and texture of materials.
Ein Gerät zur Messung des Oberflächenprofils und der Textur von Materialien.
The concept refers to an absolute tempeature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference.
To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature.
temperature
The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.
Temperaturänderungswerkzeug
temperature change device
A device that is used for the alteration and adjustment of the temperature of a tangible object or the environment, e.g., a furnace and cooling media.
Diese Entität beschreibt allgemein jedes Werkzeug, das zur Änderung und Einstellung der Temperatur eines materiellen Objekts oder der Umgebung verwendet wird, z. B. einen Ofen und Kühlmittel.
Temperaturänderungsfunktion
temperature change function
A subfunction of heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties.
Eine Unterfunktion der Wärmebehandlung, die durchgeführt wird, um Temperaturänderungen hervorzurufen, um die Materialeigenschaften zu verändern.
Temperaturmessfunktion
temperature measuring function
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment.
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Temperatur eines Objekts oder einer Umgebung zu bestimmen.
temporal property
A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process.
Zugprüfmaschine
tensile testing machine
A device used to test the tensile strength and elongation of materials by applying a stretching force.
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Dehnkraft.
Zugprüfverfahren
tensile testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines a material's response to tensile forces, measuring its tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Zugkräfte bestimmt und seine Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung und seinen Elastizitätsmodul misst.
Tensile testing of polymer films to ensure they can stretch without breaking in packaging applications
ANMERKUNG: Ein Test Piece ist ein Teilstück (potenziell alles) eines Specimens, welches die Bedingungen erfüllt, die durch ein anzuwendendes Prüfverfahren gestellt werden. Ein Specimen erfüllt diese Anforderungen im Allgemeinen erst nach weiterer Bearbeitung. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert.
In certain cases, the test piece can be the sample or the specimen itself.
Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) oder der Prüfling (Specimen) unmittelbar als Probe dienen.
NOTE: A Test Piece is a piece that is taken from a specimen (potentially the whole specimen), which fulfills the requirements, that are set by the test procedure in which the test piece is about to be used. A specimen fulfills this requierements generally speaking only after further treatment/processing. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
Proben-Rolle
test piece role
Rolle eines Objekts, welches eine Probe ist, die aus einem Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probenabschnitt (Sample) entnommen wurde; die Probe hat festgelegte Dimensionen, kann maschinell bearbeitet sein, wurde in einen für die Verwendung in einem Prüfverfahren notwendigen Zustand gebracht
role of object which is a part taken from a specimen or sample; the part has specified dimensions, is machined or un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test
Testfunktion
testing function
A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften, Leistung oder Qualität von Materialien oder Geräten zu bewerten.
Keine offizielle Definition in DIN
No offical definition in DIN
Textiles Fügen
textile joining
A joining process that involves connecting textile materials.
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem textile Materialien miteinander verbunden werden.
Sewing, Stapling
thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat.
Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessverfahren
thermal conductivity measurement process
A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the thermal conductivity of a material, determining its ability to conduct heat.
Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines Materials misst und dessen Fähigkeit bestimmt, Wärme zu leiten.
Measuring the thermal conductivity of a composite material used in aerospace applications to ensure efficient heat dissipation.
TCMP
Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessfunktion
thermal conductivity measuring function
A function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.
Eine Funktion, die in Geräten besteht, die zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Materialien verwendet werden.
thermal property
A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.
Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
thermal property analyzing process
An assay that measures the thermal behavior of materials, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and phase transitions in response to temperature changes.
Eine Analyse, die das thermische Verhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich Wärmekapazität, Wärmeleitfähigkeit, thermischer Ausdehnung und Phasenübergängen in Reaktion auf Temperaturänderungen.
“Thermocouple.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermocouple. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
Thermoelement
thermocouple
A device for measuring temperature in which a pair of wires of dissimilar metals (such as copper and iron) are joined and the free ends of the wires are connected to an instrument (such as a voltmeter) that measures the difference in potential created at the junction of the two metals.
Ein Gerät zur Temperaturmessung, bei dem ein Paar Drähte aus unterschiedlichen Metallen (z. B. Kupfer und Eisen) verbunden und die freien Enden der Drähte mit einem Instrument (z. B. einem Voltmeter) verbunden werden, das die an der Verbindungsstelle erzeugte der beiden Metalle Potentialdifferenz misst .
Thermocycler
thermocycler
A Thermocycler is a Temperature Change Device that rapidly changes the temperature of a sample in cycles, often used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR).
Ein Thermocycler ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das die Temperatur einer Probe in Zyklen schnell ändert, oft verwendet in der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR).
Thermogravimetrische Analyse-Verfahren
thermogravimetric analysis process
A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the change in mass of a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere, determining its thermal stability and composition.
Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Massenänderung eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur oder Zeit in einer kontrollierten Atmosphäre misst und dessen thermische Stabilität und Zusammensetzung bestimmt.
Thermogravimetric analysis of a metal alloy to determine its oxidation stability at high temperatures.
TGA
Thermomechanische Analyse-Verfahren
thermomechanical analysis process
A Thermoanalytical Process that measures the dimensional changes of a material as a function of temperature, determining its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Ein Thermoanalytisches Verfahren, das die Maßänderungen eines Materials als Funktion der Temperatur misst und seinen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten bestimmt.
Thermomechanical analysis of a polymer to ensure it maintains dimensional stability under varying temperature conditions.
TMA
Thermomechanisches Behandeln
thermomechanical treatment
A Changing Properties Of Material process that involves the simultaneous application of heat and mechanical stresses. Thermomechanical treatment is utilized to alter and improve the material's microstructure and mechanical properties.
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die gleichzeitige Anwendung von Wärme und mechanischen Spannungen beinhaltet. Die thermomechanische Behandlung wird eingesetzt, um die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials zu verändern und zu verbessern.
Hot Isostatic Pressing
Dünnschichtchromatographie Verfahren
thin-layer chromatography process
A Chromatography Process that separates non-volatile mixtures by applying a sample on a thin layer of an adsorbent material and using a solvent to move the components up the layer based on their affinities.
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das nichtflüchtige Gemische trennt, indem eine Probe auf eine dünne Schicht eines Adsorptionsmaterials aufgetragen und ein Lösungsmittel verwendet wird, um die Komponenten basierend auf ihren Affinitäten entlang der Schicht zu bewegen.
Using thin-layer chromatography to analyze the composition of a polymer mixture to identify different components.
Dünnschichtchromatographiesystem
thin layer chromatography system
A device used for separating compounds in a sample using a thin layer of adsorbent material on a plate.
Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Verbindungen in einer Probe unter Verwendung einer dünnen Schicht adsorbierenden Materials auf einer Platte.
3D-Drucker
3d printer
A 3D Printer is an Additive Manufacturing Device that creates three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer from a digital model.
Ein 3D-Drucker ist ein Gerät für die additive Fertigung, das dreidimensionale Objekte durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus einem digitalen Modell erzeugt.
time series
A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends.
Torsionsprüfmaschine
torsion testing machine
A device used to test the resistance of materials to twisting forces by applying a torque and measuring the resulting deformation.
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Widerstands von Materialien gegenüber Drehkräften durch Anwendung eines Drehmoments und Messung der resultierenden Verformung.
Torsionsprüfverfahren
torsion testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's behavior when subjected to twisting forces, determining its torsional strength and shear modulus.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials bei Torsionskräften bewertet und seine Torsionsfestigkeit und Schermodul bestimmt.
Evaluating the torsional strength of a metal rod used in a mechanical shaft to prevent failure under rotational loads.
triple point
The triple point is a phase boundary described by the specific temperature and pressure at which three phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium.
Ultraschallreiniger
ultrasonic cleaner
A device that uses ultrasound and a cleaning solvent to clean delicate or complex items.
An Ultrasonic Cleaner is a Cleaning Device that uses high-frequency sound waves and a cleaning solvent to remove contaminants from delicate or complex items.
Ein Gerät, das Ultraschall und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um empfindliche oder komplexe Gegenstände zu reinigen.
Ein Ultraschallreiniger ist ein Reinigungsgerät, das Hochfrequenzschallwellen und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um Verunreinigungen von empfindlichen oder komplexen Gegenständen zu entfernen.
Ultraviolett-Visible-Spektrophotometer
ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer
A device used to measure the absorbance of a sample in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Absorption einer Probe im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums.
Unsupervised Learning
unsupervised machine learning
A Machine Learning process that identifies patterns and relationships in data without using labeled outcomes.
Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der Muster und Zusammenhänge in Daten identifiziert, ohne beschriftete Ergebnisse zu verwenden.
Using clustering algorithms to group similar materials based on their properties (e.g., hardness, elasticity, thermal conductivity) without prior knowledge of the categories. For instance, discovering new categories of alloy compositions that exhibit similar thermal properties.
Viskosimeter
viscometer
A device used to measure the viscosity of liquids, providing information about their flow properties.
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten, das Informationen über ihre Fließeigenschaften liefert.
Viskosimetrie
viscometry
A Rheological Property Analyzing Process that measures the viscosity of a fluid, which is its resistance to gradual deformation by shear or tensile stress, using viscometers or rheometers.
Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Viskosität einer Flüssigkeit misst, also deren Widerstand gegen allmähliche Verformung durch Scher- oder Zugspannung, unter Verwendung von Viskosimetern oder Rheometern.
Wasseraufbereitungssystem
water purification system
A Water Purification System is a Device used to remove contaminants from water to produce clean and safe drinking water.
Ein Wasseraufbereitungssystem ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Verunreinigungen aus Wasser zu entfernen, um sauberes und sicheres Trinkwasser herzustellen.
Wasserstrahlschneider
waterjet cutter
A device that utilizes a high-pressure stream of water or a water stream with abrasive particles to cut materials such as metal, stone, plastic, etc.
Ein Gerät, das einen Hochdruckwasserstrahl oder einen Wasserstrahl mit abrasiven Partikeln verwendet, um Materialien wie Metall, Stein, Kunststoff usw. zu schneiden.
waver irradiation
A waver irradiation is an irradiation describing an exposure of a material or system to electromagnetic waves or radiation.
Verschleißprüfmaschine
wear testing machine
A device used to test the wear resistance of materials by subjecting them to abrasive conditions.
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Verschleißfestigkeit von Materialien durch Aussetzen dieser Bedingungen unter Abrasivbedingungen.
Verschleißprüfverfahren
wear testing process
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the resistance of a material to wear and abrasion, simulating real-life conditions of friction.
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahrenn, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verschleiß und Abrieb bewertet und reale Reibungsbedingungen simuliert.
Wear testing of automotive brake pads to ensure longevity and performance under repetitive braking conditions.
Schweißgerät
welding device
A device used for joining materials by melting them together, typically with the addition of a filler material.
Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen, üblicherweise unter Zugabe eines Füllmaterials.
Schweißfunktion
welding function
A subfunction of joining performed to fuse materials together using welding techniques.
Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Schweißtechniken zu verbinden.
Röntgen Analyseverfahren
x-ray analyzing process
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that uses X-rays to investigate the internal structure, composition, and properties of materials by measuring the interaction of X-rays with the sample.
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um die innere Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen, indem die Wechselwirkung der Röntgenstrahlen mit der Probe gemessen wird.
Röntgen-Computertomographie
x-ray computed tomography
A X-ray Analyzing Process, that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of an object.
Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um detaillierte Querschnittsbilder eines Objekts zu erstellen.
For example, X-ray Computed Tomography can be used to analyze the porosity of cement. This process allows researchers to visualize and quantify the distribution, size, and connectivity of pores within the cement.
Beugungsprozess
x-ray diffraction process
An X-ray Analyzing Process, that involves the interaction of X-rays with the crystalline structure of a material.
Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit der kristallinen Struktur eines Materials umfasst.
XRD is used to e.g. determine the crystal structure of newly synthesized compounds to determine the crystal lattice arrangement.
XRD
Röntgen-Mapping
x-ray mapping
An X-ray Analyzing Process that generates a spatial distribution map of the elements within a specimen by scanning the sample with an electron or X-ray beam and detecting the emitted X-rays, providing detailed compositional information across the sample's surface.
Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das eine räumliche Verteilungskarte der Elemente innerhalb einer Probe erstellt, indem die Probe mit einem Elektronen- oder Röntgenstrahl abgetastet und die emittierten Röntgenstrahlen detektiert werden, wodurch detaillierte Zusammensetzungsinformationen über die Oberfläche der Probe geliefert werden.
An example of an X-ray Mapping process is X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.
Röntgen-Mikroanalyse
x-ray microanalysis
An X-ray Analyzing Process that determines the elemental composition and chemical properties of a specimen by detecting and analyzing the characteristic X-rays emitted from the sample when it is irradiated with a focused electron beam.
Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die elementare Zusammensetzung und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Probe bestimmt, indem die charakteristischen Röntgenstrahlen detektiert und analysiert werden, die von der Probe emittiert werden, wenn sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl bestrahlt wird.
An example for X-ray Microanalysis process is Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.
Röntgenspektroskopie
x-ray spectroscopy
A Spectroscopy Process, that analyzes the interaction of X-rays with matter to determine the material's composition and structure.
Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit Materie analysiert, um die Zusammensetzung und Struktur des Materials zu bestimmen.
Examples are e.g. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection spectroscopy.
Röntgenbeugungsgerät
x-ray diffractometer
An X-Ray Diffractometer is a Measuring Device that determines the crystal structure of materials by analyzing the diffraction patterns of X-rays passed through a sample.
Ein Röntgenbeugungsgerät ist ein Messgerät, das die Kristallstruktur von Materialien durch Analyse der Beugungsmuster von durch eine Probe geleiteten Röntgenstrahlen bestimmt.
Röntgenanalysator
x-ray analyzer
A device used to analyze the composition and properties of materials through X-ray techniques such as diffraction or fluorescence.
Ein Gerät zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien durch Röntgenverfahren wie Beugung oder Fluoreszenz.
Röntgen-Computertomographiesystem
x-ray computed tomography system
A device that uses X-ray computed tomography techniques to produce cross-sectional images of a material.
Ein Gerät, das Röntgen-Computertomographietechniken verwendet, um Querschnittsbilder eines Materials zu erstellen.
Röntgenkartierungsgerät
x-ray mapping device
A device used for mapping the spatial distribution of elements or compounds within a material using X-ray fluorescence or diffraction techniques.
Ein Gerät, das zur Kartierung der räumlichen Verteilung von Elementen oder Verbindungen innerhalb eines Materials mithilfe von Röntgenfluoreszenz- oder -beugungstechniken verwendet wird.
Röntgenmikroanalyssystem
x-ray microanalysis system
A device used for microanalysis of materials using X-ray techniques to determine elemental composition at a microscopic scale.
Ein Gerät zur Mikroanalyse von Materialien unter Verwendung von Röntgentechniken zur Bestimmung der Elementzusammensetzung auf mikroskopischer Ebene.
cutting device
A device designed to cut, slice, divide, or sever objects.
hand held device
A device that has the disposition to be grasped and operated by a human hand and is designed for manual use.
phase (spatial)
A phase is a 3D spatial region occupied by a Portion Of Matter whose qualities or dispositions or Material Properties are (considered) uniform at the length scale of interest.
filler role
Filler is the role of a PortionOfDisconnectedMatter that implies being hosted in a Matrix.
precipitate role
Precipitate is the role of a Portion Of Matter that implies being hosted in a Matrix and the Precipitate derives from the Matrix or the Precipitate derives from the Thing that the Matrix derives from.
crystal
A crystal is an object that has part some entities that concretize a Bravais lattice.
chemical composition specification
A 'chemical composition specification' is an information content entity that 'specifies the value of' the chemical components of a material. The chemical components that are quanitfied are the 'portions of atomic species' or 'portions of matter' that the material 'consists of'. A 'chemical composition specification' 'has continuant parts' that quantify the mass proportions or molar proportions that the material 'conists of'.
A 'portion of steel' has a quality 'chemical composition CC'. The 'chemical composition specification CCS' specifies the value of CC and 'has continuant part' some 'scalar value specifications SVS_Fe and SVS_C'. SVS_Fe 'specifies the value of' the relational property 'mass proportion' that inheres in the 'portion of steel' as well as the 'portion of iron' that the steel 'consists of'. SVS_C 'specifies the value of' the relational property 'mass proportion' that inheres in the 'proportion of steel' as well as the 'portion of carbon' that the steel 'consists of'.
metallic grain structures
Metallic grain structures are descriptors for the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.
hydrogen bond
A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one molecule’s hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule.
The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxigen end.
TODO: it is not clear if we really need the 'Portion of pure substance" or if we can just refer to the respecitve chemical entity directly (e.g. in chemical composition).
pure substance
Portion of Chemical Entity
A Pure Substance is a Portion Of Matter that 'has part' only one kind of chebi:chemical entity or other similar entity. It has no structural qualities or realizable entites beyond representing its parts of a single enitiy type.
Pure water, a portion of iron atoms. Refer to: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24431 In contrast, salt water 'consists of' a portion of pure water and a portion of pure NaCl. Steel 'consists of ' a 'portion of pure iron', a 'portion of pure carbon' and possibly portions of other alloying- and impurity-elements.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms.
portion of iron
A 'Portion Of Iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms.
portion of indium
A 'Portion Of Indium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms.
portion of chromium
A 'Portion Of Chromium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms.
portion of carbon
A 'Portion Of Carbon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms.
portion of germanium
A 'Portion Of Germanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms.
portion of tungsten
A 'Portion Of Tungsten' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms.
portion of erbium
A 'Portion Of Erbium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms.
portion of molybdenum
A 'Portion Of Molybdenum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms.
portion of niobium
A 'Portion Of Niobium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms.
portion of rhenium
A 'Portion Of Rhenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms.
portion of lithium
A 'Portion Of Lithium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms.
portion of nitrogen
A 'Portion Of Nitrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms.
portion of cobalt
A 'Portion Of Cobalt' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms.
portion of gold
A 'Portion Of Gold' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms.
portion of argon
A 'Portion Of Argon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms.
portion of cadmium
A 'Portion Of Cadmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms.
portion of barium
A 'Portion Of Barium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms.
portion of tantalum
A 'Portion Of Tantalum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms.
portion of antimony
A 'Portion Of Antimony' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms.
portion of potassium
A 'Portion Of Potassium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms.
portion of phosphorus
A 'Portion Of Phosphorus' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms.
portion of boron
A 'Portion Of Boron' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms.
portion of helium
A 'Portion Of Helium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms.
portion of silicon
A 'Portion Of Silicon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms.
portion of nickel
A 'Portion Of Nickel' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms.
portion of yttrium
A 'Portion Of Yttrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms.
portion of zirconium
A 'Portion Of Zirconium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms.
portion of copper
A 'Portion Of Copper' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms.
portion of bohrium
A 'Portion Of Bohrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms.
portion of fluorine
A 'Portion Of Fluorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms.
portion of platinum
A 'Portion Of Platinum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms.
portion of cerium
A 'Portion Of Cerium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms.
portion of sulfur
A 'Portion Of Sulfur' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms.
portion of lead
A 'Portion Of Lead' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms.
portion of krypton
A 'Portion Of Krypton' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms.
portion of bismuth
A 'Portion Of Bismuth' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms.
portion of neon
A 'Portion Of Neon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms.
portion of thallium
A 'Portion Of Thallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms.
portion of selenium
A 'Portion Of Selenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms.
portion of ruthenium
A 'Portion Of Ruthenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms.
portion of magnesium
A 'Portion Of Magnesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms.
portion of zinc
A 'Portion Of Zinc' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms.
portion of mercury
A 'Portion Of Mercury' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms.
portion of xenon
A 'Portion Of Xenon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms.
portion of aluminium
A 'Portion Of Aluminium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms.
portion of sodium
A 'Portion Of Sodium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms.
portion of iodine
A 'Portion Of Iodine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms.
portion of caesium
A 'Portion Of Caesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms.
portion of chlorine
A 'Portion Of Chlorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms.
portion of silver
A 'Portion Of Silver' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms.
portion of samarium
A 'Portion Of Samarium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms.
portion of manganese
A 'Portion Of Manganese' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms.
portion of arsenic
A 'Portion Of Arsenic' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms.
portion of beryllium
A 'Portion Of Beryllium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms.
portion of calcium
A 'Portion Of Calcium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms.
portion of neodymium
A 'Portion Of Neodymium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms.
portion of hydrogen
A 'Portion Of Hydrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms.
portion of osmium
A 'Portion Of Osmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms.
portion of iridium
A 'Portion Of Iridium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms.
portion of gallium
A 'Portion Of Gallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms.
portion of bromine
A 'Portion Of Bromine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms.
portion of tin
A 'Portion Of Tin' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms.
portion of hafnium
A 'Portion Of Hafnium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms.
portion of uranium
A 'Portion Of Uranium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms.
portion of oxygen
A 'Portion Of Oxygen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms.
portion of palladium
A 'Portion Of Palladium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms.
portion of vanadium
A 'Portion Of Vanadium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms.
portion of scandium
A 'Portion Of Scandium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms.
portion of titanium
A 'Portion Of Titanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom.
steel
Steel is a ferrous alloy that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities).
nature constant
A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, magintude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics.
Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, and the 14 Bravais lattices.
bravais lattice (3d)
The Bravais Lattice is a nature constant that describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements. TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso
proportion
concentration
fraction
A Proportion is a relational quality between two entites (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.
mass proportion
The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.
molar proportion
Molar Ratio
The Molar Proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entites count of the whole.
The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxigen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.
volume proportion
The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.
mineral
A mineral is a material that has part some crystal.
polycrystal
Polycrystal is an object aggregate that has continuant part some crystal grains
graphite
A mineral that has part some crystal that in turn consists of some portion of carbon
grain size distribution
An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.
fluid (object)
fuild (object) is an object that consists of some portion of matter which bears an aggregate state that concretizes a liquid or gaseous aggregate state.
medium role
Medium role is a role beared by an object which implies that the object serves as an intermediary for the transmission of something else, like energy, force, or information.
Air in the air cooling process, N2 atmosphere in a furnace cooling process, oil in a quenching process, crystal lattice in a solid state diffusion
aerosol
An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gasous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate)
aggregate state value
The aggregate state type is a nature constant that concretizes the aggregatge state quality.
foam
A foam is a material entity aggregate that conssists of some 'Composite Material' c. The parts of c that bear the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that bear the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its sourrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending of the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell.
thermodynamic system
A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time.
reversible process
A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process.
intensive quality
Point property
An intensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.
size
Size is the quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.
Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc.
mass
Mass is fundamental extensive quality.
stimulus role
The stimulus role is a role that an object bears in a process when causally influencing another object that bears a stimulation target role in the same process. 'Role' implies here, that the 'bearing' assignment depends on the intent.
stimulation target role
See 'Stimulus role'
lot
A lot is an object aggregate whose parts are output of the same prodction process.
Schmelze
melt
A melt is an object (material entity) that exists in a liquid state as a result of the phase transition from solid due to thermal energy input. In materials science, it typically refers to metals, alloys, or other substances maintained above their melting point.
Eine Schmelze ist ein Objekt (eine materielle Einheit), das aufgrund des Phasenübergangs von einem Festkörper durch thermische Energiezufuhr in einem flüssigen Zustand vorliegt. In der Werkstoffkunde bezieht sich der Begriff in der Regel auf Metalle, Legierungen oder andere Stoffe, die oberhalb ihres Schmelzpunkts gehalten werden.
A pool of molten steel during casting.
energy
Energy is a quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)
process chain
A process chain is a process that 'has contiuant part' subprocesses S1...Sn where S1...Sn precede each other and where some object or object aggregate that are output of Sn are then input to Sn+1.
product (chemical reaction)
Product is the role of a material entity that is output of a chemical reaction and is created or transformed during the reaction.
educt
Educt is the role of a material entity that is input of a chemical reaction and is consumed or transformed during the reaction
catalyst
Catalyst is the role of a participant in a chemical reaction that does not alter its qualities/realizable entities after the chemical reaction.
extensive quality
An extensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.
volume
Volume is a three dimensional size.
internal energy
Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work.
component
A component is an object aggregate that bears a function in a technical system.
technical system
A technical system is an object aggretate: 1. that is output of a manufacturing process, 2. that bears some function 3. whose continuant parts are some components.
interatomic interaction energy
Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate.
heat (metallurgy)
A heat is a fixed amount of metallic alloy that may be input to some Manifacturing Process.
Fläche
area
Area a two dimesional size
Section area or a surface area
force
Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerces the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects.
section
Section is a planar fiat surface cutting across the object
crack
A crack is a physical separation of a material entity at the level of (atomic) Bonds.
notch
A notch is a geometric feature of the 'surface layer' of an object that introduces a strong change in shape or cross section.
pore
A pore is a cavity in the 'bulk' of an object
defect role
A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E.
A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load.
amount of substance
Amount of substance n is a molar propotion when the whole is a object aggregate N, which has Avogadro number objects (of same type) as parts (n = N/N_A).
operation
alteration of quality
Length is a size that describes the spacial extend of its bearer in one dimension.
length
dimension
bond
A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.
covalent bond
A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
In a water molecule (H₂O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons.
metallic bond
A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.
ionic bond
An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
thermoplastics
A Thermoplastic is a Polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling.
polyethylene
Polyethylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating ethylene monomer units.
low-density polyethylene
Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density.
high-density polyethylene
High-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density.
linear low-density polyethylene
Linear Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching.
polypropylene
Polypropylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating propylene monomer units.
isotactic polypropylene
Isotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain.
syndiotactic polypropylene
Syndiotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain.
atactic polypropylene
Atactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain.
polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinyl Chloride is a Thermoplastic that is formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers.
rigid polyvinyl chloride
Rigid PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability.
uPVC
flexible polyvinyl chloride
Flexible PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility.
polystyrene
Polystyrene is a Thermoplastic that is produced by the polymerization of styrene monomers.
general purpose polystyrene
General Purpose Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing.
high impact polystyrene
High Impact Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance.
polyethylene terephthalate
Polyethylene Terephthalate is a Thermoplastic that is synthesized from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
amorphous polyethylene terephthalate
Amorphous PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure.
crystalline polyethylene terephthalate
Crystalline PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure.
thermosetting polymers
A Thermosetting Polymer is a Polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape.
epoxy resins
Epoxy Resins are Thermosetting Polymers that form rigid, cross-linked networks upon curing.
bisphenol a epoxy
Bisphenol A Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is formulated using bisphenol A to enhance its mechanical properties.
novolac epoxy
Novolac Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance.
phenolic resins
Phenolic Resins are Thermosetting Polymers formed by the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde.
phenol-formaldehyde resin
Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin is a Phenolic Resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde.
melamine formaldehyde
Melamine Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer produced from melamine and formaldehyde, known for its high hardness.
urea formaldehyde
Urea Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds.
elastomers
An Elastomer is a Polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation.
natural rubber
Natural Rubber is an Elastomer that is derived from the latex of rubber trees.
synthetic rubber
Synthetic Rubber is an Elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubber’s properties.
styrene-butadiene rubber
Styrene-Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is composed of styrene and butadiene to enhance abrasion resistance.
nitrile butadiene rubber
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is formulated from acrylonitrile and butadiene to provide resistance to oils and chemicals.
ethylene propylene diene monomer
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a Synthetic Rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer to offer excellent weather resistance.
biodegradable polymers
Biodegradable Polymers are Polymers that can be decomposed by biological organisms into environmentally benign substances.
polylactic acid
Polylactic Acid is a Biodegradable Polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch.
polyhydroxyalkanoates
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are Biodegradable Polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids.
polybutylene succinate
Polybutylene Succinate is a Biodegradable Polymer that is a thermoplastic polyester recognized for its compostability.
natural ceramics
Natural Ceramics (Traditional Ceramics) are Ceramics that are produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica.
silicate ceramics
Silicate Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are composed primarily of silicate minerals.
clay-based ceramics
Clay-Based Ceramics are Silicate Ceramics that are formed from natural clays.
earthenware
Earthenware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material.
stoneware
Stoneware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material.
porcelain
Porcelain is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance.
aluminosilicates
Aluminosilicates are Silicate Ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides.
mullite
Mullite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability.
kaolinite
Kaolinite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity.
non-clay ceramics
Non-Clay Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are formed from raw materials other than clay.
glass-ceramics
Glass-Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are produced by controlled crystallization of glass, combining properties of both glass and ceramics.
leucite-based glass-ceramics
Leucite-Based Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are Non-Clay Ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties.
fritted ceramics
Fritted Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials.
technical ceramics
Technical Ceramics (Advanced Ceramics) are Ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications.
oxide ceramics
Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed primarily of metal oxides.
alumina
Alumina is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of aluminum oxide, renowned for its hardness and insulation properties.
zirconia
Zirconia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of zirconium dioxide, noted for its high strength and toughness.
yttria-stabilized zirconia
Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance.
magnesia-stabilized zirconia
Magnesia-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability.
titania
Titania is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties.
beryllia
Beryllia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
non-oxide ceramics
Non-Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed of compounds other than metal oxides.
carbide ceramics
Carbide Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal carbides.
silicon carbide
Silicon Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and carbon, celebrated for its high hardness and thermal conductivity.
tungsten carbide
Tungsten Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of tungsten and carbon, recognized for its exceptional wear resistance.
boron carbide
Boron Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density.
nitride ceramics
Nitride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that are composed of metal nitrides.
silicon nitride
Silicon Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and nitrogen, offering high fracture toughness.
aluminum nitride
Aluminum Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity.
boron nitride
Boron Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and nitrogen, with a structure analogous to graphite.
boride ceramics
Boride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal borides.
titanium diboride
Titanium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point.
zirconium diboride
Zirconium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability.
composite ceramics
Composite Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are produced by combining two or more ceramic phases to enhance overall performance.
oxide-oxide composites
Oxide-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that consist entirely of oxide ceramic phases.
alumina matrix composites
Alumina Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases.
zirconia matrix composites
Zirconia Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases.
non-oxide composites
Non-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that are formed by combining ceramic phases other than oxides.
silicon carbide matrix composites
SiC Matrix Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that are built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases.
carbon-silicon carbide composites (carbon-silicon carbide)
C-SiC Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that consist of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance.
electroceramics
Electroceramics are Ceramics that are specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications.
dielectric ceramics
Dielectric Ceramics are Electroceramics that serve primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants.
barium titanate
Barium Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties.
lead zirconate titanate
Lead Zirconate Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior.
magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
Magnetic Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides.
soft ferrites
Soft Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by low coercivity and high permeability, making them ideal for transformer cores.
hard ferrites
Hard Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by high coercivity, making them suitable for permanent magnets.
superconducting ceramics
Superconducting Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature.
yttrium barium copper oxide
Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature.
bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide
Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure.
bioceramics
Bioceramics are Ceramics that are engineered to be compatible with biological systems.
bioinert ceramics
Bioinert Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions.
alumina-based ceramics
Alumina-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of alumina, valued for their biocompatibility.
zirconia-based ceramics
Zirconia-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of zirconia, offering high strength and inertness.
bioactive ceramics
Bioactive Ceramics are Bioceramics that interact with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration.
hydroxyapatite
Hydroxyapatite is a Bioactive Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone.
bioglass
Bioglass is a Bioactive Ceramic that is a silicate-based glass formulated to bond with and stimulate biological tissues.
bioresorbable ceramics
Bioresorbable Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue.
tricalcium phosphate
Tricalcium Phosphate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate, commonly used in bone grafting applications.
calcium sulfate
Calcium Sulfate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium sulfate, known for its solubility in biological environments.
silicate glasses
Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are composed primarily of silica.
soda-lime glass
Soda-Lime Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated from silica, soda, and lime and is widely used in windows and containers.
clear float glass
Clear Float Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is known for its clarity and uniform thickness.
patterned glass
Patterned Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is modified with surface textures for decorative purposes.
tinted glass
Tinted Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is treated with coloring agents to alter its light transmission.
borosilicate glass
Borosilicate Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with boron oxide to improve thermal resistance.
pyrex-type glass
Pyrex-Type Glass is a form of Borosilicate Glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock.
aluminosilicate glass
Aluminosilicate Glass is a form of Silicate Glass that is specifically formulated to resist high temperatures.
lead glass
Lead Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with lead oxide to increase brilliance and refractive index.
potash lead glass
Potash Lead Glass is a form of Lead Glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide.
barium glass
Barium Glass is a form of Lead Glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties.
high-temperature resistant glass
High-Temperature Resistant Glass is an Aluminosilicate Glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures.
non-silicate glasses
Non-Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are not primarily composed of silica.
phosphate glass
Phosphate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of phosphate compounds, offering distinct optical properties.
borate glass
Borate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of boron oxide and is known for its low melting point.
germanate glass
Germanate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission.
optical glass
Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is formulated for high-precision light transmission and refractive performance.
fused silica glass
Fused Silica Glass is an Optical Glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.
crown glass
Crown Glass is an Optical Glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity.
flint glass
Flint Glass is an Optical Glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion.
specialty glasses
Specialty Glasses are Advanced Glasses that are engineered for specific functional roles.
chemically strengthened glass
Chemically Strengthened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength.
ion-exchanged glass
Ion-Exchanged Glass is a form of Chemically Strengthened Glass that is produced by exchanging ions to improve durability.
aluminosilicate gorilla glass
Aluminosilicate Gorilla Glass is a Chemically Strengthened Glass that is enhanced with an aluminosilicate composition for superior scratch resistance.
toughened (tempered) glass
Toughened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety.
laminated glass
Laminated Glass is a Specialty Glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance.
electrochromic glass
Electrochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied.
photochromic glass
Photochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light.
thermochromic glass
Thermochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature.
lithium disilicate glass-ceramics
Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal.
transparent glass-ceramics
Transparent Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization.
functional glass
Functional Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications.
conductive glass
Conductive Glass is Functional Glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity.
indium tin oxide coated glass
Indium Tin Oxide Coated Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with a thin film of indium tin oxide to enable electrical conduction.
fluorine-doped tin oxide glass
Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with tin oxide doped with fluorine for enhanced conductivity.
magnetic glass
Magnetic Glass is Functional Glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties.
iron-borosilicate glass
Iron-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior.
cobalt-borosilicate glass
Cobalt-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties.
nonlinear optical glass
Nonlinear Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light.
chalcogenide glass
Chalcogenide Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is composed of chalcogen elements, offering infrared transmission and nonlinear optical behavior.
tellurite glass
Tellurite Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties.
bioactive glass
Bioactive Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to interact beneficially with biological tissues.
silicate-based bioactive glass
Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue.
45S5 bioglass
45S5 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone.
S53P4 bioglass
S53P4 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity.
phosphate-based bioactive glass
Phosphate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed predominantly of phosphate compounds.
borate-based bioactive glass
Borate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction.
amorphous metal glass
Amorphous Metal Glass is Glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid.
iron-based metallic glass
Iron-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is predominantly composed of iron.
magnesium-based metallic glass
Magnesium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density.
zirconium-based metallic glass
Zirconium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength.
categorical measurement datum
A measurement datum that is reported on a categorical scale.
device specification
A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance.
material specification
A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context.
recipe
A plan specification that outlines the ingredients, proportions, and procedural steps required to prepare a specific product, typically in cooking, manufacturing, or chemical processes.
specification datum
A data item that provides specification for entities
European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/690248
Biologische Abbaubarkeit
biodegradabilty
"[Biodegradabilty] [...] is understood as the microbial conversion of all its organic constituents to carbon dioxide (or carbon dioxide and methane in conditions where oxygen is not present), new microbial biomass and mineral salts, within a timescale short enough not to lead to lasting harm or accumulation in the open environment."
"[Biologische Abbaubarkeit] [...] beschreibt die mikrobielle Umwandlung all seiner organischen Bestandteile in Kohlendioxid oder – unter sauerstofffreien Bedingungen – in Kohlendioxid und Methan, neue mikrobielle Biomasse und Mineralsalze verstanden, und zwar innerhalb eines Zeitraums, der so kurz ist, dass es nicht zu dauerhaften Schäden oder Anreicherungen in der offenen Umwelt kommt."
example to be eventually removed
The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
failed exploratory term
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
metadata complete
Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
organizational term
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
ready for release
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
metadata incomplete
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
uncurated
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
pending final vetting
placeholder removed
An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.
terms merged
This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.
term imported
This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.
term split
Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf
universal
A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
"definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.
defined class
A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions
named class expression
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
to be replaced with external ontology term
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
requires discussion
The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.
bravais lattice triclinic primitve
bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
bravais lattice cubic primitive
bravais lattice cubic body-centered
bravais lattice cubic face-centered
bainite
austenite
ferrite
ledeburite
pearlite
widmanstatten structure
martensite
aggregate state solid
A state where the bonds between entites trasmit shear forces.
aggregate state liquid
A state where the bonds of the entites transmit no shear force.
aggregate state gasous
A state where the entities have no bonding.
aggregate state plasma
An aggregate state where the entites are atom nuclei and have no bonds.
aggregate state atom gas
A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.
aggregate state supercritical fluid
A state with strong bindings between entites that do not transmit shear force.
aggregate state mesomorphic
A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.
aggregate state suprafluid
A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entites.
aggregate state suprasolid
A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.