An identifier for the MaterialSample (as opposed to a particular digital record of the material sample). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the materialSampleID globally unique.
IGSN:ASR000001 (Resulting URI: http://igsn.org/ASR000001) is a globally unique and persistent identifier of a soil sample.
Duration of a temporal extent expressed as a number scaled by a temporal unit
A temporal entity with zero extent or duration.
A temporal entity with an extent or duration.
A collection of datasets that are published separately, but share some characteristics that group them.
An activity association is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity.
Associate an agent to an activity (`tern:Sampling`, `tern:Observation`) with a role from link:http://def.isotc211.org/iso19115/-1/2018/CitationAndResponsiblePartyInformation/code/CI_RoleCode[ISO 19115-1's CI Role Code].
Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. When an entity `e` is attributed to agent `ag`, entity `e` was generated by some unspecified activity that in turn was associated to agent `ag`. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.
Associate an agent to an entity (`tern:Sample`, `tern:FeatureOfInterest`, `tern:Site`) with a role from link:http://def.isotc211.org/iso19115/-1/2018/CitationAndResponsiblePartyInformation/code/CI_RoleCode[ISO 19115-1's CI Role Code].
A domain model for exchanging and representing ecological field survey data. A profile of SSN/SOSA, PROV and schema.org.
The TERN Ontology comprises a set of vocabularies for representing plot-based ecological data. It was developed primarily based on the SOSA (Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator) ontology. The TERN Ontology's classes and properties have been tailored to describe terrestrial ecology survey data including flora, vegetation and soil, following the methodologies outlined in the Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook.
Class to encapsulate a true-or-false value.
CosmOz is the Australian Cosmic-Ray Neutron Soil Moisture Monitoring Network Beginning in October 2010, CSIRO Land and Water installed cosmic-ray probes at a number of locations around Australia to form the inaugural CosmOz network. These sites were established at instrumented research sites operated by CSIRO and University collaborators to test and validate the operation of this new technology. These novel probes use cosmic rays originating from outer space to measure average soil moisture over an area of about 30 hectares to depths in the soil of between 10 to 50 cm. This constitutes a quantum leap over conventional on-ground soil moisture sensing technology that can only measure soil moisture content within small volumes of soil. Each system is comprised of a data logger, neutron detector, satellite telemetry, tipping bucket rain gauge, temperature humidity and pressure sensors and three surface moisture (TDR) probes. The system requires minimal maintenance and is powered by a solar charging system. The entire system is installed on a single mast. Data is logged and transmitted every 60 minutes to the CosmOz database.
Currently used by the platforms index for SHaRED.
A collection of data, published or curated by a single agent, and available for access or download in one or more representations.
This class describes the actual dataset as published by the dataset provider. In cases where a distinction between the actual dataset and its entry in the catalog is necessary (because metadata such as modification date might differ), the catalog record class can be used for the latter.
This class describes the conceptual dataset. One or more representations might be available, with differing schematic layouts and formats or serializations.
A class to encapsulate an `xsd:date` value.
A class to encapsulate an `xsd:dateTime` value.
Describes the Deployment of one or more Systems for a particular purpose. Deployment may be done on a Platform.
For example, a temperature Sensor deployed on a wall, or a whole network of Sensors deployed for an Observation campaign.
The model as defined by the manufacturer.
The dimension of a 2D square or rectangular feature. Example, the dimension of a rectangular plot Site. This class should perhaps have specialised classes to express not just square or rectangular features but also others such as circular features.
A specific representation of a dataset. A dataset might be available in multiple serializations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organization, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profiles (which might specify any or all of the above).
Examples of distributions include a CSV file, a [netCDF] file, a JSON document, or a data-cube, files made accessible according to different profiles, such as XML or JSON schemas or [ShEx] or [SHACL] expressions. In some cases all distributions of a dataset will be fully informationally equivalent, in the sense that lossless transformations between the representations are possible. An example would be different serializations of an RDF graph using RDF/XML [RDF-SYNTAX-GRAMMAR], [Turtle], [N3], [JSON-LD]. However, in other cases the distributions might have different levels of fidelity to the underlying data. For example, a graphical representation about the data on a CSV file may not contain the same total information recorded in the CSV file, but they could be considered as two distributions for the same dataset as they are about the same data. As a counter-example, budget data for different years would usually be modelled as different datasets, each with their own distributions, since all distributions of one dataset should broadly contain the same data. Nevertheless, the question of whether different representations can be understood to be distributions of the same dataset, or distributions of different datasets, is application specific. Judgement about how to describe them is the responsibility of the provider, taking into account their understanding of the expectations of users, and practices in the relevant community.
This represents a general availability of a dataset. It implies no information about the actual access method of the data, i.e. whether by direct download, API, or through a Web page. The use of dcat:downloadURL property indicates directly downloadable distributions.
Earth observation satellites are satellites specifically designed to observe Earth from orbit, similar to spy satellites but intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc. Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_observation_satellite Group: Platform_Details Entry_ID: Earth Observation Satellites Group: Platform_Identification Platform_Category: Earth Observation Satellites Short_Name: Earth Observation Satellites End_Group End_Group
An ecological Site that usually hosts a Flux Tower.
Across the globe, towers stand among the landscape, with sensors monitoring these eddies for carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gasses. These so-called flux towers collect data on carbon dioxide exchange rates between the earth and atmosphere.
*Input* - Any information that is provided to a Procedure for its use.
A **wedge prism** or **relascope** can be used to estimate the Basal Area per hectare. The number of counted trees and the Basal Area Factor are inputs to estimate the Basal Area.
A class to encapsulate an integer value.
An `Intervention` is a human-induced activity that carries out a `Procedure` to observe or change the properties of a `Feature Of Interest`.
Controlled burns, breeding programs, weed and debris removal, installation of new structures, etc.
An intervention is a management process to maintain, restore or improve an ecosystem within a spatial area.
Feature which is managed for TERN purposes
A physical result of a sampling (or subsampling) event. In biological collections, the material sample is typically collected, and either preserved or destructively processed.
A whole organism preserved in a collection. A part of an organism isolated for some purpose. A soil sample. A marine microbial sample.
The set of values that the Sensor can return as the Result of an Observation under the defined Conditions with the defined system properties.
For example, a temperature sensor that can measure temperatures between -40°C and +80°C, or a humidity sensor that can measure relative humidity from 0% to 100%.
We recommend representing the method information following [ISO 9001 Processes, Procedures and Work Instructions](https://3yn1j14c4twk1bmdg82226en-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/iso-9001-procedure.pdf)
A Method describes in detailed steps how a workflow, protocol, plan or algorithm is carried out to make an Observation or a Sample. It explains the steps to be carried out to arrive at reproducible Result.
Borehole logging is a field method in which in situ physical measurements (e.g., temperature) are made down the length of a borehole by lowering measurement instruments down the borehole via cable. (Credit: PaST Thesaurus)
An observable quality (property, characteristic) of a [FeatureOfInterest](http://w3.org/ns/sosa/FeatureOfInterest). A feature-of-interest refers to a feature whose properties are measured or observed.
Sampling depth, bulk density, pH are examples of properties of a soil sample, and the soil sample is the feature-of-interest, representative of the area from which it is collected.
Collection of one or more observations, whose members share a common value for one or more property
Online resources, e.g. additional documentation for datasets.
A [FeatureOfInterest's](http://w3.org/ns/sosa/FeatureOfInterest) property or characteristic which an Observation is measuring using some Procedure.
A workflow, protocol, plan, algorithm, or computational method specifying how to make an Observation, create a Sample, or make a change to the state of the world (via an [Actuator](http://w3.org/ns/sosa/Actuator). A Procedure is re-usable, and might be involved in many Observation, Sampling, or [Actuations](http://w3.org/ns/sosa/Actuation). it explains the steps to be carried out to arrive at a reproducible Result.
The procedure for collecting photopoints are specified in the [AusPlots Rangelands Survey Protocols Manual](http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4287.3607). The DEC Nature Conservation Service Biodiversity have defined [standard procedures](https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/monitoring/sop/sop_establishingvegetationquadrats_20090818_v1.0.pdf) for establishing quadrats for vegetation sampling.
Input can be used to capture any input values for a procedure, such as the input value of the basal wedge to estimate the basal area per hectare.
A set of RDF triples that are published, maintained or aggregated by a single provider.
This is a specialised version of the `void:Dataset` class where it may be constrained by additional property shapes in the future.
A device that is used by, or implements, a (`Sampling`) `Procedure` to create or transform one or more samples.
A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). However, sometimes the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device.
Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms.
A group of organisms (sensu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026) considered by taxonomists to form a homogeneous unit.
The genus Truncorotaloides as published by Bronnimann et al. in 1953 in the Journal of Paleontology Vol. 27(6) p. 817-820.
A transect is a path where observations and samplings may occur.
There are several types of transects in ecology such as strip transects, line transects, belt transects, point transects and curved line transects.
A class representing the vertical extent of an object or phenomenon in a given context.
The vertical extent of a mountain range.
The area of the Mitchell Grass Rangeland SuperSite Supersite is approximately 47 M (million) ha.
Point to a concept representing the attribute.
The temperature sensor was calibrated by TERN's calibration laboratory on 2024-01-15.
Links to the actual measured value obtained during calibration. This represents the value returned by the system or device being calibrated.
Links to a value representing the difference between the reference and actual results during calibration. This offset can be used for measurement corrections.
Links to a reference value used during calibration. This represents the known, standard, or expected value against which the actual measurement is compared.
The cardinal direction of the *thing* represented as a string and expressed by cardinal and intercardinal points.
The centroid point of an object-of-interest.
The geometric center of 1-ha vegetation plot expressed as [sf:Point](http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#Point).
The Köppen Climate Classification code that categorizes climates based on temperature, precipitation, and seasonal patterns. It was developed by Wladimir Köppen in 1884 and has been refined over time.
Alice Smith is one of collaborators for ant survey project.
The data manager of a project, platform or system.
Alice Smith is one of data managers for ant survey project.
The date when, e.g., a Site is ready to commence its operations, after it is successfully installed and tested.
1 August 2017 is the date commisioned of the [Collie flux station](http://ozflux.org.au/monitoringsites/collie/index.html)
Use ISO 8601 international standard for representing dates and times. Missing start date may be set to the first of the month.
The date when, e.g., a Site is decommissioned or stopped operating.
30 Nov 2019 is the date decommisioned of the [Collie flux station](http://ozflux.org.au/monitoringsites/collie/index.html)
Use ISO 8601 international standard for representing dates and times. Missing end date may be set to the end of the month.
Vegetation, soil, disturbance, landform, etc.
Alice Smith is one of editors for ant survey dataset.
The environment description of a dataset.
A dataset collected from weather monitoring stations across the country.
The feature type of a [Feature of Interest](#FeatureofInterest).
The unique identifier for flux towers registered with FLUXNET.
Environment department is one of funders for ant survey project.
A property that links a concept from a vocabulary to another concept in an authoritative/endorsed vocabulary.
The concept dry soil colour is defined in two vocabularies, [CORVEG](http://linked.data.gov.au/def/corveg-cv/1842b772-72a4-430f-a264-dcfd6c2c23b4) and [Ausplots](http://linked.data.gov.au/def/ausplots-cv/aa11e5f7-aec2-4e92-95b8-6332911f0c4e). The property global value is used to map the concept from the two vocabularies to the relevant [concept](http://linked.data.gov.au/def/tern-cv/beceaa5a-a296-4385-a55a-3b8c8d5b2369) specified in the main vocabulary, i.e., TERN Vocabularies.
The global vocabulary refers to the main vocabulary, which takes precedence over other similar vocabularies to promote data harmonisation.
A link to a [tern:Calibration](https://w3id.org/tern/ontologies/tern/Calibration) which represents a calibration activity performed on this System's properties to ensure accurate measurements and proper functioning.
A property that links a concept to a collection containing its categorical values.
The subject has some environmental characteristic. Points to a set of Observations within an EnvironmentalCharacteristic.
A link to a [tern:IGSN](https://w3id.org/tern/ontologies/tern/IGSN) which represents a globally unique identifier assigned to physical samples to enable traceability, citation, and reuse in scientific research, adhering to FAIR data principles.
A property that links a concept to a parameter.
The direct link to the value either as an IRI or an RDF literal. The simple value is always equivalent to the value captured in [rdf:value](http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#value) of the tern:Value instance.
An IRI, true, false, 1, "string", or a "string with language"@en, etc.
A property that links, e.g., a Site to a [Site Visit](#EcologicalSiteVisit).
A link to a [tern:Value](https://w3id.org/tern/ontologies/tern/Value) which encapulates the value of this thing.
The IGBP classification code that identifies the biome type and land cover characteristics of a flux tower site.
GRA - Grasslands: Lands with herbaceous types of cover. Tree and shrub cover is less than 10%.
Describe the instructions of the procedure/method.
The entity that manages a platform or system.
The entity that operates a platform or system.
A property that links an activity to its parent activity.
Location description of the AusPlots site NTABRT0004 in the Alice Mulga SuperSite: Pine Hill Station. 25km South East of Ti-Tree. 20km East of Stuart Highway. South west corner of the site is 200m north west of proposed supersite flux tower
Link to a procedure used to obtain the location.
The maximum altitude of a vertical extent in a given context.
The maximum altitude of a mountain range is 1000m.
A particular method type used to conduct some survey.
The minimum altitude of a vertical extent in a given context.
The minimum altitude of a mountain range is 100m.
Environment department is one of owners for ant survey project.
The unique identifier for flux towers in the OzFlux network, which provides observations of energy, carbon and water exchange between the atmosphere and Australian/NZ ecosystems.
The type of platform to conduct surveys.
The principal investigator of a project, platform or system.
Alice Smith is one of principal investigators for ant survey project.
Alice Smith is one of producers for ant survey dataset.
The result time is the instant of time when the Observation, Actuation or Sampling activity was completed.
A change request has been submitted to SOSA at https://github.com/w3c/sdw/issues/1338. Once the change request is submitted, this property `tern:resultDateTime` should be deprecated in favour of `sosa:resultTime`.
At the time of writing (2022-03-02), SOSA specifies `sosa:resultTime` with an `rdfs:range` of `xsd:dateTime`. This means that all values of `sosa:resultTime` must have the datatype `xsd:dateTime`. This is problematic for the BDR because most ecological surveys only have a precision of day and not date time. Ingestion of data may fail due to internal validators from TopQuadrant's EDG.
A property that links a [PhysicalSpecimen](#PhysicalSpecimen) to the location [Point](http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#Point) of where it is stored.
The sample sub type of an [IGSN](#IGSN).
Contextual information is collected at each site. This includes measures of slope an aspect, surface strew and lithology, and information on the grazing and fire history of the site (Credit: TERN AusPlots).
Value is usually a summary sentence of the site.
The term used to classify the SoilProfile.
Soil horizon classifier as defined in the Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook on page 148.
A stratum is a distinct, easily seen, layer of foliage and branches of a measurable height.
Value should be from a controlled vocabulary identified by a URI.
The supplemental information of a dataset.
This dataset includes metadata about the data collection process and quality control measures.
The type of system. Values are from some controlled vocabulary.
The technician of a project, platform or system.
Alice Smith is one of technicians for ant survey project.
Describes the direction of the transect.
Refers to the [sf:Point](http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#Point) representing the end of a transect.
Refers to the [sf:Point](http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#Point) representing the start of a transect.
measurement = (best estimate ± uncertainty) units
Relation to Method that should be taken before current one.
Relation to Method that should be taken after current one.
Relation to Method that could be taken complementarily.
Relation to Method that could be undertaken concurrently.
The unit of measure of the value. Use [QUDT units of measure vocabulary](http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/).
Relates a Property to a specialisation of tern:Value.
Use it to describe an instance of sosa:ObservableProperty and its recommended tern:Value type such as tern:QuantitativeMeasure, tern:Boolean, etc.
The vertical extent of an object or phenomenon in a given context.
The measurement or extent of something from side to side.
An activity to calibrate properties of a System (such as a Sensor or Sampler) to ensure accurate measurements and proper functioning of the device.
For example, calibrating a temperature sensor against a reference thermometer to ensure accurate temperature readings, or calibrating a pH meter using standard buffer solutions.
A moving mobile platform on land, in water or in space.
Act of carrying out an (`Observation`) `Procedure` to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a `FeatureOfInterest`. Links to a `Sensor` to describe what made the `Observation` and how; links to an `ObservableProperty` to describe what the result is an estimate of, and to a `FeatureOfInterest` to detail what that property was associated with.
The activity of measuring properties such as wind speed and direction by an anemometer sensor. The results of the observation are the measurement values of the properties estimated by the sensor.
The result of an `Observation`, `Actuation`, or act of `Sampling`. To store an observation's simple result value one can use the `hasSimpleResult` property.
The value 20 as the height of a certain tree together with the unit, e.g., Meter.
An activity of `Sampling` carries out a (`Sampling`) `Procedure` to create or transform one or more `Samples`.
Crushing a rock sample in a ball mill to create sub-samples of the rock. Digging a pit through a soil sequence. Dividing a field site into quadrants. Drawing blood from a patient. Drilling an observation well. Establishing a station for environmental monitoring. Registering an image of the landscape. Sieving a powder to separate the subset finer than 100-mesh. Selecting a subset of a population. Splitting a piece of drill-core to create two new samples. Taking a diamond-drill core from a rock outcrop.
A Site Visit is a `Survey` that visits a `Site`.
A Survey is an `Activity` during which `Sampling` or `Observation` Activities occur.
Link a concept to an upper concept (in the closed system).
A property that links a `Concept` or `Procedure` to a `Method`.
A property that links, e.g., a Sampling to a SamplingPoint.
A property that links, e.g., a Site Visit to a Site.
Link from an [Attribute](https://w3id.org/tern/ontologies/tern/Attribute) to some individual.
An inverse property of [globalMatch](#globalMatch); Links an upper concept to a concept (in the closed system).
The inverse property [hasSamplingPoint](#hasSamplingPoint).
A property-value pair to capture attributes of an individual where observations are not suitable.
Follows a similar modelling pattern to link:https://schema.org/PropertyValue[`schema:PropertyValue`].
The thing whose property is being estimated or calculated in the course of an Observation to arrive at a Result or whose property is being manipulated by an Actuator, or which is being sampled or transformed in an act of Sampling.
When measuring the height of a tree, the height is the observed ObservableProperty, 20m may be the Result of the Observation, and the tree is the FeatureOfInterest. A window is a FeatureOfInterest for an automatic window control Actuator.
An ecological monitoring site where observations and samplings occur. This `Site` class is a subclass of `Sample` since ecological sites are designed to be representative of an environmental system (which may be an ecosystem or bioregion) or zone (which may be a zone such as a parcel or tract).
Ausplots Rangelands Site 59858 (Site Name: WAACOO0011)
System is a unit of abstraction for pieces of infrastructure that implement Procedures. A System may have components, its subsystems, which are other Systems.
A globally unique identifier assigned to physical samples to enable traceability, citation, and reuse in scientific research, adhering to FAIR data principles.
The IGSN 'AU1234567' represents a rock sample collected from a geological survey in Australia, with metadata detailing its location, collection date, and characteristics.
An entity that hosts other entities, particularly Sensors, Samplers, and other Platforms.
Ocean buoy is an example of platform that is equipped with an array of sensors such as GPS, current meters, atmospheric sensors and water quality monitors. Sensors measuring weather variables are attached to a weather station (a platform)
A feature which is intended to be representative of a `FeatureOfInterest` on which `Observations` may be made.
A sample may be a physical sample or a sub-divided section of some larger feature of interest. For example, land surface, plant population, ground cover are all common sub-samples of a site (feature of interest) in ecological surveys.
A value of an `Attribute` or an `Observation`.
This is an 'abstract' class and is not intended to be used directly to create individuals.